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專四語法考點解析之虛擬語氣
語法是語言學(xué)的一個分支，研究按確定用法來運用的"詞類"、"詞"的屈折變化或表示相互關(guān)系的其他手段以及詞在句中的功能和關(guān)系。下面是小編給大家?guī)韺Ｋ恼Z法考點解析之虛擬語氣，希望能給大家?guī)韼椭?/p>
考點一：表示建議、要求、命令等動詞如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引導(dǎo)的從句及it引導(dǎo)的相應(yīng)的分詞、名詞和形容詞從句，謂語用(should)+動詞原形。
1. It was recommended that passengers _not __ smoke during the flight.(2004/1994)
A. not B. need not C. could not D. would not
2. He left orders that nothing _should be_____touched until the police arrived here.1997
A. should be B. ought to be C. must be D. would be
3. She asked that she __be____ allowed to see her son in police custody. 1993
A.would be B.could be C.be D.was
4. The teacher demanded _that Tom hand in_____ his essay immediately.1991
A. Tom to hand in B. that Tom hands in C. that Tom handed in D. that Tom hand in
考點二：It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等從句，謂語用(should)+動詞原形。
1. It is necessary that he _hand in___ the assignment without delay.2010
A. hand in B. hands in C. must hand in D. has to hand in
2. It is absolutely essential that William _continue___ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.2007
A. will continue B. continued C. continue D. continues
3. It is imperative that the government _attract_ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.2006
A. attracts B. shall attract C. attract D. has to
4.It is imperative that students _hand in___ their term papers on time.2004?
A. hand in B. would hand in ?C. have to hand in D. handed in?
5. The opening ceremony is a great occasion. It is essential _for us to be prepared____for that.2003
A. for us to be prepared B. that we are prepared C. of us to be prepared D. our being prepared
考點三：If從句中的虛擬語氣
省略if，從句的語序用到裝，即將were,had或 should移至主語的前面，但否定詞not不前移。
(一)與過去事實相反：從句sb had done，主句sb would(should,could,might)+ have done;
1. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _could have got___ much betterresults now.2008
A. would be getting B. could have got C. must get D. would get
2. He would have finished his college education, but he _had___to quit and find a job to support his family.2007
A. had had B. has C. had D. would have
3._Had he not been taken good care of __, he would not have recovered so quickly.2005/1995
A. Hadn't he been taken good care of B. Had he not been taken good care of
C. Had not he been taken good care of D. Had he been not taken good care of
4. I _would have enjoyed__the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there.2004/1996
A. would enjoy B. will have enjoyed C. would have enjoyed D. will be enjoying
5. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _had not been__ quite such a crowd of people there.2004/2000
A. weren’t B. hasn’t been C. hadn’t been D. wouldn’t
6. _Had it not been__for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.2002
A. Had it not been B. Hadn’t it been C. Was it not D. Were it not
7. _Given____enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field.1998
a. Giving b. To give c. Given d. Being given
8. I was to have made a speech if_I had not been called away__.1997
A. I was not called away B. nobody would have called me away
C. I had not been called away D. nobody called me away
9. __Given___ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. 1996
A. Having B. Given C. Giving D. Had
10. We could _have provided__him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat.1995
A. provide B. have provided C. not provide D. not have provided
11. _Had I realized_____you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions. 1994
A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. I realized that D. As I realized
12. _Had it not been for____ their help, we would not have succeeded.1992
A. Hadn't been for B. Had it not been for C. It hadn't been for D. Had not it been for
13. If you _had not been____ in such a hurry you would not have put sugar into the sauce instead of salt.1992
A. were not, would not put B. were, would put
C. had been, would have put D. had not been, would not have put
14. "Did you hear of his death?'
"Yes. If he _had been operated on__ in time, hemight not have died___.”1990
A. had been operated on, might not die B. had been operated on, might not have died
C. were operated on, might not die D. were operated on,- might not have died
(二)與現(xiàn)在事實相反：從句sb did(were)，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do;
1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _would be____ much easier to learn.2009
A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been
2. “You _could_____ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my friend. 2007
A. could B. should C. must D. can正確答案是陳述語序
3. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _would be_______ able to advise you much better than I can.2005
A. would be B. will have been C. was D. Were
4. If I knew Japanese , I _would apply_____ for the position.1991
A. would apply B. will apply C. may have applied D. will have applied
(三)與將來事實相反：從句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。
1. _Should ____ you _have____ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.2005
A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, have D. In case, had
2. This is an illness that can result in total blindness _if ______left untreated.2000
A. after B. if C. since D. unless
3. If your car would need____ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer. (1998)
A. shall need B. should need C. would need D. will need
(四)錯綜條件句，也就是主句與從句的動作發(fā)生在不同的時間段。根據(jù)歷年真題能看出，一般以考察從句對過去虛擬，而主句對現(xiàn)在虛擬為主，即從句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do;
1. If only the patient _had received_____ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.2007
A. had received B. received C. should receive D. were receiving
2._Would you be surprised___ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?2004?
A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprised
C. Had you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised?
考點四：it is (high/about) time that的結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句使用一般過去式。例如:
1. It’s high time we _stopped_ cutting down the rainforests.2006
A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stop
2. That was not the first time he _had betrayed_______ us. I think it’s high time we __took______ strong actions against him2005.
A. betrayed…take B. had betrayed…took C. has betrayed…took D. has betrayed…take
3. “What courses are you going to do next semester?”
“I don’t know. But it’s about time _i decided_____on something.” 2002
A. I’d decide B. I decided C. I decide D. I’m deciding
4. If you have really been studying English for so long, it’s about time you _were__able to write letters in English.1999
A. should be B. were C. must be D. are
考點五：其它
1. We consider _it strange that _____ he should have left without telling anyone beforehand. 2009
A. strange why B. it strange what C. it strange that D. that strange
2. _Be he rich or poor___, I’ll marry him all the same.2004?
A. Was he rich or poor B. Whether rich or poor?C. Were he rich or poor D. Be he rich or poor
3. Whether my brother be right or wrong, he will have my unwavering support.2001
A. Is B. Were C. Be D. Would be
4. Home is home, _be it____ ever so homely.1992
A. it is B. it were C. be it D. it be
考點六：much as"盡管，雖然"引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，從句中用would have done表示假設(shè)。
1. Much as _i would have liked to___, I couldn’t lend him the money because I simply didn’t have that much spare cash.1999
A.I would have liked to B.I would like to have C.I should have to like D.I should have liked to
考點七：if only, wish, as if/as though引導(dǎo)從句，與過去事實相反：had + done;與現(xiàn)在事實相反：動詞過去式;與將來事實相反：could/would + do。
1. If only I _could _play the guitar as well as you! 2006
A would B could C should D might
考點八：would rather/sooner從句中使用一般過去式或過去完成式分別表示對現(xiàn)在或過去的虛擬。
1. The manager would rather his daughter did not work____ in the same office now.
A.had not worked B.not to work C.does not work D.did not work
考點九：On condition that...“只有”“條件是”/lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形動詞。
1. He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, _on condition_______ that he paid me back the following week.2005
A. on occasion B. on purpose C. on condition D. only if
考點十：but for 要不是。。。。就不能。。。
1. _But for____ your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.1994
A. Unless B. But for C. Except for D. Not for
時間定語從句虛擬語氣
一、虛擬語氣用于定語從句中
在It is (high, about)time(that)…句型中，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的謂語常用一般過去時來構(gòu)成虛擬語氣。
例：It’s about time that we put an end to this controversy. 現(xiàn)在該是我們停止這場爭論的時候了。 例：It is time we went to bed.
我們該去睡覺了。
二、虛擬語氣用于if only 引導(dǎo)的從句中
在if only引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語動詞須采用虛擬語氣，其用法與wish后賓語從句的用法基本相同，表示“但愿”，“要是…就好了”的意思。 例：If only I knew what you wanted. 要是我知道你需要什么就好了。
例：If only he had arrived in time,he would not have been punished.
他要是準(zhǔn)時到達就好了。經(jīng)典練習(xí)：
1、It’s already six o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s about time____? A)we are going home B)we go home C)we went home D)we can go home
2、If only the committee____the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible. A)approve B)will approve C)can approve D)would approve
3、It’s necessary____the dictionary immediately. A)that he will return B)that he returned C)that he return D)that he has to return
4、She must have had an accident, or he____then.
A)would have been here B)had to be here C)should be here D)would be here
5、I apologize if I ____you, but I assure you it was unintentional. A)offended B)had offended C)should have offended D)might have offended
解析：
1、答案選C)。在it’s about time that…..句型中，定語從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)用過去時來表示虛擬語氣。所以C項是正確的。
2、答案選D)。if only表示一種愿望，謂語用“would+動詞原形”表示對將來事實的愿望，所以D是正確的。
3、答案選C)。在由it is necessary 等引導(dǎo)的主語從句要使用虛擬語氣，虛擬語氣的謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”或動詞原形。
4、答案選A)。由or引出的是與事實相反的假設(shè)條件，因此空缺處應(yīng)填入表示虛擬語氣的謂語動詞。前一個分句中表示的是過去的時間，所以后一分句要用would have done的形式。所以A是正確的。
5、答案選B)。本題中but分句中的it was 表明事情發(fā)生在過去，因此條件句應(yīng)用過去完成時，表示與過去事實相反，所以B是正確的。
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