英語語法之因果關系

　　因果邏輯是一種強邏輯，幾乎在所有類型的文章中都會出現。在英文寫作中，為了支持某個觀點，我們通常會用到因果論證，而且可能會不只用一次。以下是小編收集整理的英語語法之因果關系相關內容，歡迎閱讀！

　　英語語法之因果關系 1

　　1. 使用常見的顯性連接詞

　　如because, because of, since, as, now that, in that, due to, owing to, therefore, hence, so, as a result, as a consequence, resultingly, consequently, accordingly, so that。

　　在使用這些連接詞時，同學要注意將它們按詞性分類，如連詞、介詞、副詞，只有弄懂了詞性的差異，才不會犯語法錯誤（如標點錯誤）。這個層面的知識基本是中學里的，但能把這些全用對的也不多。

　　最常見的錯誤就是therefore的用法。例如：Some people relentlessly cut down trees, therefore some animals are in danger of losing their habitat.

　　其實，這里只能用so，因為therefore是副詞，不能連接兩個句子。或者改成：

　　Some people relentlessly cut down trees. Therefore, some animals are in danger of losing their habitat.

　　2. 使用相對罕見的顯性連接詞

　　這一點其實主要是考大家的詞匯量。如on the ground that / on grounds that（根據/基于）, on the basis of / based on（在……的基礎上），in view of / in light of / given / given that / considering（鑒于）。同樣，使用時要注意介詞后面接n或doing，帶有that的詞組后面接完整的句子。

　　例如：Given that he overachieved the sales target, he was promoted to Sales Manager.

　　3. 顯性的動詞或形容詞

　　意為“導致”、“引起”的詞包括cause, lead to, contribute to, bring about, result in, give rise to等。這些動詞前面加“因”，后面加“果”。“因”和“果”皆需n或doing，如果原因只能用句子表達，則需接定語從句。

　　例如：Some people relentlessly cut down trees, which has led to an alarming loss of animal habitat.

　　或更簡潔的方式則是Relentless deforestation has caused an alarming loss of animal habitat.

　　還有一種就是“B可歸因于A”，是上面一種的逆向表達。相關的表達式有can be attributed to, be attributable to, be owed to, result from, stem from, root in等。

　　例如：The closure of many physical stores（很多實體店的關閉） is attributable to the covid-19 pandemic.

　　(其實，看到這里，已經有足夠的表達式供我們寫作時用了。繼續往下看，掌握更多的形式，不僅有助于提升表達的多樣性，而且對英語閱讀中快速抓取因果關系<往往是考點>也有很大的幫助。)

　　4. 負向歸因

　　負向歸因可翻譯成“怪罪于”。相關表達有be responsible for（為……負責）, be blamed on（怪罪于）, be the culprit behind（……是……的罪魁禍首）

　　例如：The sedentary lifestyle is the culprit behind / is responsible for the increasing obesity rate.

　　The increasing obesity rate is blamed on the sedentary lifestyle.

　　（不斷上升的肥胖率應歸罪于久坐不動的'生活方式）

　　5. 關于“使能夠”的表達

　　如allow, enable, make it possible for sb to do。例如：The extension of the metro line allows the people living in the suburb to reach the city center within one hour.

　　這一句中，the extension of the metro line就是“因”，the people living in the suburb reach the city center within one hour就是“果”。

　　6. 關于“取決于”的表達

　　如depend on, be contingent on, be determined by。

　　例句：Whether you will be enrolled by the university depends on your performance in the interview as well as your academic scores.

　　7. 其他隱性動詞

　　如breed（釀成）, foster（促成）。

　　例如：Long-time unemployment bred his resentment against the government.

　　(長期失業導致他對政府心生怨恨)

　　Doing volunteer work can foster students’ sense of responsibility.

　　8. 定語從句

　　例如：Those who are always conscientious at work will be rewarded by the company.

　　看出來了嗎：“因”就是“工作敬業”，“果”就是“得到公司的獎賞”。

　　又如：This book, from which I can communicate withthe late wise men(已故的智者), is a spiritual guide in my life.

　　9. 副詞或副詞詞組

　　例如no wonder, unsurprisingly。

　　He spent 4 hours dancing every day last year. No wonder he won the first prize in the talent competition.

　　10. 虛擬語氣

　　例句：If it had not been for your help, I would not have won the bid.

　　這句話等于Due to your help, I won the bid.

　　看到這里，相信大家多少了解了因果邏輯的多樣性表達。當然，實際情況肯定是多于以上10種，而且以上10種不是在任何情況下都是通用的，但是體現的邏輯是十分相似的。

　　英語語法之因果關系 2

　　一、英語中表示因果關系的副詞 /詞組有so, therefore, thus, consequently, as a result/consequence,etc,意為因此,所以。

　　1.The shops were closed, so I couldn’t buy anything. 商店都關門了,所以我什么也沒買到。(so therefore,consequently都可用于句首表結果,因此---)

　　2. He worked hard,and therefore/thus/consequently,he got good results.

　　3. Our house burnt down in a fire. As a result, we lived with my aunt.我們的房子在一次火災中燒毀。因此,我們和姑媽住在一起。As a result須用“,”與句子隔開。

　　二.高中英語引出原因的介詞短語,除了常見的because of , 還有thanks to , as a result of , on account of , due to, owing to 等,這些詞語后接名詞或名詞性短語。

　　例:1.He walked slowlybecause of his bad leg. 由于他的膽怯,他走得很慢。

　　2.It was all a great success thanks to a lot of hard work. 由于盡心竭力,這才獲得了巨大的成功。

　　3. As a result of her injuries, she died. 她由于受傷而死。

　　4.The team’s success was largely due to he r efforts. 這個隊的成功很大程度上是由于她的努力。(due to 必須放在句中或句末, 其它介詞短語位置不限。)

　　5.The game was cancelled owing to the heavy rain.因為下大雨,比賽被取消了。

　　三.表示因果關系的`動詞/詞組:cause, result from/in, lie in, owe……to……等。

　　例:1.What caused the plants to die?這些植物死于何種原因?

　　2.He owes his success to hard work.他把成功歸因于勤奮。

　　3.The trouble lies in the engine.麻煩出在發動機上。

　　He knows where his interest lies.他知道他的興趣所在。

　　4. Any damage resulting from negligence must be paid for by the borrowers.因疏忽引起的任何損失應由借用者負責賠償。

　　5. Their dispute resulted in war. 他們的爭論導致了戰爭

　　四、教科書中表示原因的連詞主要是because， as，since， for，它們表原因的語氣 依次由強變弱，并且引出的表原因的從句與主句出現的情況依時間關系有所不同。區分要點：

　　(1)Because從句發生在主句時間之前，且直接導致主句/結果。

　　(2)As從句表原因時，不強調直接構成唯一的因果關系，這種原因是對方知道的一個原因。

　　(3)Since 從句 表原因時，從句常是現在情況，對今后(主句)情況產生影響，構成因果。

　　(4)for 引出顯而易見 的情況或常識，作為支持說明主句或作推測的理由，且for從句放在句末，用“,”與主句隔開。

　　例:1. I did it because he told me to.因為他讓我做，所以我做了那件事。 注:“他告訴我”發生在過去，直接導致“我做事”，because強調直接必然原因。

　　2.As you were out, I left a message.因為你出去了,所以我留了言。注:“你出去”是“我留言”的一般,其中一個原因,直接原因是“有事”,As引出的從句是主句發生的一般的,其中之一原因,且對方常常知道這種原因,不強調直接導致結果。

　　3.(1) We thought that ,since we were in the area ,we should stop by and see them.我們認為,既然我們在這個地區,我們就應該停下來去看看他們。

　　(2)Since you are from China, please say something about Chinese tradition.既然你來自中國,就請你說些有關中國傳統的情況。(Since =Now that 引出表當時現存情況,導致對將來作出安排和決定)

　　4.(1)It must have rained yesterday, for the ground are wet.昨天一定下雨了,因為地很濕。

　　(2)It is spring now , for the flowers are out. 現在是春天了,因為花開了。

　　五.其他表因果關系的短語，如now that，so…that…,such…that…，too…to…，enough…to…，why…，in case…，for fear that-…，etc. 應用解析如下:

　　1.He came back late not the rain, but he was much too tired.

　　A.because, because ofB.because of, becauseC.for, forD.because, for (選B)

　　2. you have got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.

　　A.Now thatB.AfterC.AlthoughD.As soon as (選A)

　　3.Mother was worried because Alice was ill, especially …Father was away in France .(1994)

　　A.asB.so thatC.asifD.unless(選A)

　　4.(1) I hurriedI wouldn’t be late for class.

　　A.sinceB.so that C.as ifD. Unless(選B)

　　(2)Wedid well in the exams we were praised by the teacher.

　　A.ifB.becauseC.sinceD.so that(選D)

　　(3)Heisagreat poet weall admire him.

　　A.such…that B.so…that C.too…toD.enough…to(選A)

　　(4)He is sleepy he can hardly keep his eyes open.

　　A.such…that B.so that C.too…to D.enough…to(選B)

　　(5)finish the task on time,we worked hard.

　　A.So as to…B.So that… C.In order to…D.In order that(選C)

　　5. (1).Heis faryoung go on his own.

　　A.too…to…B.enough…toC.so…as to(選C)

　　(2) Have you madecopiesgive us each one.(選項同上)(選B)

　　例:He is brave enough to fetch the case at night 他很勇敢,足可以在晚上去取箱子。

　　(3) I will have everthing ready not keep youwaiting.

　　A.enough…toB.too…to…C.so as…to D.in order…to(C,D均正確)

　　6.(1)He started very early.It washewas the first to come here

　　A. whyB. becauseC.asD. the reason (選A)

　　(2) He turnedback. he left his key at home.

　　A.It is whyB,ItwasbecauseC.Thereasonwas that-D.The resultwasthat (選B和C)

　　7. A.in case B. for fear that

　　(1)He isworkinghardhe should fail.(選B)

　　(2) I ‘ll taketh e umbrella it rains.(選A)

　　8.The oil must be out,thelight wentout .

　　A.asB.for C.becauseD.since

　　注:選B,as ,because,since引導原因狀語從句放在句末都不用“,”隔開。For 引出原因,放在句末,用“,”隔開。主句:“油一定用盡了”是推測的結論,這是后句 “燈滅”推理得到的,符合for的用法。

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