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大學英語語法與練習
在現實的學習、工作中，我們經常接觸到練習題，做習題有助于提高我們分析問題和解決問題的能力。那么你知道什么樣的習題才能有效幫助到我們嗎？下面是小編為大家整理的大學英語語法與練習，歡迎大家分享。
大學英語語法與練習
內容提要《大學英語》是遵照1986年國家教委審定的《大學英語教學大綱(文理科本科用)》編寫的一套系列教材，分精讀、泛讀、聽說、快速閱讀和語法與練習五種教程，由全國六所重點大學合作編寫。教材于1986年出版試用本，1992年出版正式本，并于同年9月榮獲全國高等學校第二屆優秀教材特等獎，以及國家教委高等學校第二屆優秀教材一等獎。
1998年，在廣泛征求意見的基礎上，《大學英語》系列教材根據《大學英語教學大綱(高等學校本科用)》進行了第一次修訂。修訂本更加注意文、理、工、農、醫等各科的通用性，力求給學生打好“寬、厚、牢”的語言基礎。
為了推進大學英語教學改革，適應社會各界對大學生英語能力的要求，教育部于2004年頒布了《大學英語課程教學要求(試行)》(以下簡稱《課程要求》)。遵照《課程要求》對大學英語提出的教學目標，即“培養學生的英語綜合應用能力”，編者于2004年決定對教材進行第二次修訂，以滿足新時期國家和社會對人才培養的需要。
重點語法介紹
一、將來進行時的用法
1.將來進行時的基本用法。表示將來某一時間正在進行的動作。如：
2.表示按計劃或安排要發生的動作
3.將來進行時表示委婉語氣
二、概念：表示將來某時進行的狀態或動作，或按預測將來會發生的事情.
形式：(肯定，否定形式以及一般疑問式)一將來進行時用來表示在將來的某一個時間正在進行的動作和按計劃，安排，決定預料將要發生的事或表示要在將來某一時刻開始，并繼續下去的動作.常用來表示禮貌的詢問，請求等.例如：
用法：強調在將來的某個具體時間正在發生的動作或事情.
三、將來進行時用來表示不含意圖又未發生的動作
注意：將來進行時不用于表示"意志"，不能說I'll be having a talk with her.
I will be helping Mary tomorrow.明天我幫瑪麗干活.
非謂語動詞
1.Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could_______a good college.
A.enter B.to enter
C.entering D.entered
【陷阱】容易誤選A。有的同學一看到空格前的情態動詞could就斷定此處應填動詞原形enter。
【分析】其實正確答案應是B。此句為省略句，即在could后省略了動詞 do，若把句子補完整應為Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短語(to enter a good college)是用作目的狀語的，而不是與情態動詞(could)一起構成謂語。請再看類似例句：
(1)They did what they could to comfort her.他們盡量安慰她。
(2)They did everything they could to save her life.他們盡一切力量拯救她的性命。
(3)He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates.他拼命學習以便趕上他的同學。
值得指出的是，這也并不是說今后只要遇到類似結構的題就一定選帶to不定式。請看以下試題：
(4)He ran as fast as he could_____to catch the early bus.
A.to hope B.hope
C.hoping D.hoped
此題的答案是C不是A，其中的現在分詞短語 hoping to catch the early bus用作伴隨狀語。
(5)He spent every minute he could_____spoken English.
A.practise B.to practise
C.practising D.practised
此題答案選C，這與前面動詞 spent 的搭配有關，即spend…(in)doing sth。若將此句補充完整，即為He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.
(6)Before going abroad he devoted all he could____D____his oral English.
A.improve B.to improve
C.improving D.to improving
此題答案選D，注意兩點：一是devote…to…是固定搭配，意為“把……貢獻給……”;二是其中的to是介詞，不是不定式符號，后接動詞時要用動名詞。
2.He knows nothing about it，so he can’t help_______any of your work.
A.doing B.to do
C.being doing D.to be done
【陷阱】容易誤選B，根據 can’t help doing sth這一結構推出。
【分析】其實答案應選A。比較以下結構：
can’t help to do sth=不能幫助做某事
can’t help doing sth=禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事
又如下面一題，答案也是B：
She can’t help____the house because she’s busy making a cake.
A cleaning B.to clean
C.cleaned D.being cleaned
再請看以下試題：
While shopping，people sometimes can’t help_____into buying something they don’t really need.
A.to persuade B.persuading
C.being persuaded D.be persuaded
此題應選C，句中的 can’t help 意為“禁不住”(注意根據句意用被動形式)。
3.All her time_______experiments，she has no time for films.
A.devoted to do B.devoted to doing
C.devoting to doing D.is devoted to doing
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題最佳答案為B。現分析如下：
(1)devote意為“致力于，獻身于”，主要用devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to是介詞，不是不定式符號，故后接動詞時要用動名詞，不用不定式。
(2)選A錯誤：若將 do 改為 doing 則可以。
(3)選B正確：all her time devoted to doing experiments為獨立主格結構，用作狀語。
(4)選C錯誤：因為all her time 與 devote 為被動關系，故應將devoting改為devoted。
(5)選D錯誤：若單獨看 All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并沒有錯，但問題是逗號前后兩個簡單句沒有必要的連接方式，所以從整體上看仍不對，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，則可選D，或將D將中的is改為being也可選它。
虛擬語氣
1.I forget where I read the article，or I_____it to you now.
A.will show B.would show
C.am going to show D.am showing
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】正確答案選B。根據上文的語境可知句中的 or 隱含有一個虛擬的條件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article(要是我沒忘記我在哪兒讀過這篇文章的話——但事實上忘了)。
2.“It looks as if he were drunk.”“So it does._____.”
A.He’d better give up drinking
B.He shouldn’t have drunk so much
C.Health is more important than drink
D.I wonder why he is always doing so
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選，主要是受句中 drunk一詞的影響。
【分析】最佳答案為D。關鍵信息是It looks as if he were drunk中的虛擬語氣，句子既然用了虛擬語氣，也就是說，“他喝醉了”不是事實，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是D。
3.“Mary looks hot and dry” “So_____you if you had so high a fever.”
A.do B.are
C.will D.would
【陷阱】容易誤選A或C。選A者，認為前后兩句的動詞性質應一致;選C者，認為其后帶有if條件狀語從句，從語氣上看，主句應用將來時態。
【分析】此題最佳答案為D。分析如下：
(1)“so + 助動詞 + 主語”是一個很有用的結構，它表示“……也一樣”時。如：
He likes to watch TV，and so do I.他喜歡看電視，我也一樣。
When animals and plants disappear，so will man.當動植物消失的時候，人類也會隨之消失。
(2)由于空格后的if條件狀語從句的謂語用的是虛擬語氣(這是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用would而不用will，即答案應選D。
強調句
1.____that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A.It was we being late B.It was our being late
C.It was we were too late D.It was because we were late
【陷阱】此題容易誤選D，認為強調的是原因狀語從句 because we were late。
【分析】但實際上，此題的答案為B，強調的是句子主語 our being late，此題若還原成非強調句，即為：
Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
注意，強調句的一個顯著特點是，若去掉強調結構 it is [was]…that…，句子仍然成立;換句話說，該結構中的that不能充當句子成分。
2.“How was_____they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?”“Totally by chance.”
A.it that B.he that
C.it when D.he which
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均可能誤選。
【分析】答案選A，為強調句的特殊疑問句形式，其相應的陳述句形式為：
It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.
比較以下各題，它們也屬強調句的特殊疑問句形式：
(1)Who was it_____saved the drowning girl?
A.since B.as C.that D.he
答案選C，被強調成分為 who，該句實為類似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl.這類強調句的特殊疑問句形式(即對其中的Tom 提問而得)。
(2)What is it_____his daughter needs most?
A.what B.which C.that D.if
答案選C，被強調成分為 what，該句實為類似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most.這類強調句的特殊疑問句形式(即對其中的a bike 提問而得)。
3._____was very______that little Jim wrote the letter.
A.It，careful B.It，carefully
C.He，careful D.He，carefully
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選，但最有可能誤選的可能是A，認為這是一個普通的系表結構，即認為第二空要填形容詞作表語。
【分析】其實，此題是一個強調句，其非強調形式為 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully.若用 it is… that… 的強調句式強調其中的狀語 very carefully 即為上面一題的題干，所以答案應選B。請看下面幾例，也屬強調結構：
(1)It was when she was about to go to bed______the telephone rang.
A.since B.as C.that D.then
答案選C，被強調成分為 when she was about to go to bed 這一時間狀語從句。
(2)It may have been at Christmas_____John gave Mary a handbag.
A.before B.who C.that D.when
答案選C，被強調成分為 at Christmas，其中的動詞 be 采用了 may have been 這一較為復雜的形式。
4.“Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?”“It was in the hall______the students
often have a meeting.”
A.where B.which
C.that D.when
【陷阱】很可能誤選C，認為這是一個強調句，強調地點狀語 in the hall。
【分析】假若選C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，該句的意思是“學生們通常是在
大廳開會”，單獨看這一句，無論是其意思還是其語法均未錯，但若將其與上文聯系起來看，則不通，因為上文的意思是“你是在
哪兒找到昨天作報告的那位教授的?”假若將答句改為 It was in the hall that I found the professor，則完全可以。
其實，此題的最佳答案是A，where the students often have a meeting為定語從句，用以修飾其前的名詞the hall，句意
為“是在學生們經常開會的那個大廳(找到教授的)”，這樣語意就通順了。
5.It was what he meant rather than what he said______annoyed me.
A.which B.as
C.what D.that
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題為一個強調句型，空格處應填 that(即選D)，被強調成分為 what he meant rather than what he said。句意
為“讓我生氣的不是他說的話，而是他話中的意思”。請再看兩例：
(1)It was his nervousness in the interview______probably lost him the job.
A.which B.since C.that D.what
答案選C，為強調句型，被強調成分為 his nervousness in the interview，句意為“很可能是面試時表現出緊張，使他失去
了這份工作”。
(2)It is the ability to do the job______matters not where you come from or what you are.
A.one B.that C.what D.it
答案選B，為強調句型，被強調成分為 the ability to do the job，句意為“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你來自何地
或你是從事什么工作的”。
名詞性從句
1.She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood_______he said meant.
A.that B.what
C.that that D.what what
【陷阱】可能誤選B。許多同學一看選項首先就排除了C和D，認為這樣兩個“引導詞”疊用的情況不太可能。在A和B兩個選項中，選項A肯定不行，因為它引導賓語從句時不能充當句子成分，所以便選擇了B。
【分析】正確答案選 D。第一個what 用作動詞 meant 的賓語，第二個what 用作動詞 said 的賓語，即在 none of us understood what what he said meant 中，none of us understood 為主句，what what he said meant 為賓語從句，而在此賓語從句中又包括有 what he said 這樣一個主語從句。
2.After_______had happened he could not continue to work there.
A.which B.how
C.what D.having
【陷阱】可能誤選A。
【分析】最佳答案選 C。有的同學誤選A，是因為認為介詞后應接關系代詞 which，但實際上，若填關系代詞，其前沒有先行詞，這根據不是一個定語從句。另外，由于 had happened 缺主語，所以B和D也不能選。請再做下面一題(答案選B)：
He pointed to______looked like a tomb and said，“Ghost.”
A.that B.what
C.which D.as
3.“Is______you want to say?” asked the teacher.
A.this B.that
C.all that D.that all
【陷阱】根據中文字面意思誤選A或B。
【分析】最佳答案選 D。假若選A或B，那么轉換成陳述句即為：This is you want to say./That is you want to say.顯然句中的兩個謂語動詞 is與want相沖突。選D組成的句子是Is that all you want to say?其中的that為句子主語，all為表語，you want to say 為定語從句，用以修飾all。
4.“When______leave for Japan?”“When______leave for Japan is kept secret.”
A.they will，will they B.will they，they will
C.they will，they will D.will they，will they
【陷阱】可能誤選D，認為 when 后應用疑問句詞序。
【分析】最佳答案選 B。第一個when引出的是一個特殊疑問句，故用疑問詞序;第二個 when 引出的是主語從句，故其后用陳述句詞序。請做以下試題(答案選C)：
(1)None knows if_______that boy，but if_______him，her parents will be disappointed.
A.she will marry，she will marry B.she marries，she marries
C.she will marry，she marries D.she marries，she will marry
(2)“Where_______go to work?”“Where_______go to work is not known.”
A.we shall，we shall B.shall we，shall we
C.shall we，we shall D.we shall，shall we
5.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see______.
A.who is he B.who he is
C.who is it D.who it is
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】此題最佳答案為D。首先可以排除A和C，因為空格處實為一個賓語從句，所以不能用疑問句詞序。另一方面，但按英語習慣，當用于指代身份不明的人時，要用代詞it，而不用 he 或she等。比較以下兩句：
Mr Smith is at the door.He wants to see you.史密斯先生在門口，他想見你。
Someone is at the door.It may be the postman.有個人在門口，可能是郵遞員。
第一句因前面指明了是 Mr Smith，所以后面用代詞 he;而第二句因前面用的是不定代詞 someone，說明此人身份尚不明確，故其后用了代詞 it 來指代。
6.Don’t you know，my dear friend，______it is your money not you that she loves?
A.who B.which
C.that D.what
【陷阱】此題容易誤選 A或B：選 A 的同學認為這是指人的，故用who;選B的同學認為這是非限制性定語從句，兩者都是誤認為這是定語從句(注意沒有先行詞)。
【分析】其實答案應選C。that引導的是一個賓語從句，用作動詞 know 的賓語，它只是被句中的插入語 my dear friend 隔開罷了。請做以下試題(答案均為C)：
(1)Everyone knows，perhaps except you，_______your girl-friend is a cheat.
A.who B.which
C.that D.what
(2)I think，though I could be mistaken，______she liked me.
A.who B.which
C.that D.what
(3)He told me the news，believe it or not，______he had earned $1 000 in a single day.
A.that B.which
C.as D.because
前面兩題 that 引導賓語從句，后面一題 that同位語從句(修飾the news)。
英語語法大全：特殊同位語歸納
英語語法讓很多學生都頭疼，因為復雜難懂的句式和詞組有時難以記憶。為大家整理了英語語法大全，本章主要介紹英語語法中的句子成分，希望對同學們的英語語法學習有所幫助。更多內容盡在。
特殊同位語歸納
當兩個詞或詞組在一個句子中具有相同的語法地位而且描述相同的人或事物時，我們稱它們為同位語�；拘问降耐徽Z大家一般不會出錯，但有幾種同位語，或由于本身結構特殊，或由于它修飾的成分結構比較特殊，往往會引起誤解�，F小結并舉例說明如下，希望引起同學們的注意。
1.代詞we，us，you等后接同位語
Are you two reading?你們二人在看書嗎?
They three joined the school team.他們3人參加了校隊。
She has great concern for us students.她對我們學生很關心。
He asked you boys to be quiet.他要你們男孩子安靜些。
We girls often go to the movies together.我們女孩子經常一起去看電影。
2.不定式用作同位語
Soon came the order to start the general attack.很快下達了發起總攻的命令。(to start the general attack與the order同位)
He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up.他照吩咐沿某一條街走，我在那里接他上了車。(to walk along…與the instruction同位)
3.-ing分詞用作同位語
Hes getting a job tonight driving a truck.他今晚得到一個開卡車的差事。(driving a track與a job同位)
She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts.她在一家洗衣店得到一個熨衣服的職位。(ironing shirts與a place同位)
The first plan，attacking at night，was turned down.第一個計劃是夜襲，被拒絕了。(attacking at night與the first plan同位)
4.形容詞用作同位語
The current affair，the biggest in its history，is being held in Guangzhou.目前的交易會，是有史以來規模最大的，正在廣州舉行。
He read all kinds of books，ancient and modern，Chinese and foreign.他讀了很多書，古今中外都有。
People，old and young，took to the streets to watch the parade.老老少少的人都來到街頭觀看一。
【注】這類同位語與定語比較接近，可轉換成定語從句。如：
The current affair，the biggest in its history，is being held in Guangzhou.
=The current affair，which is the biggest in its history，is being held in Guangzhou.
5.none of us之類的結構用作同位語
We none of us said anything.我們誰也沒說話。
We have none of us large appetites.我們誰飯量都不大。
They neither of them wanted to go.他們兩人都不想去。
Theyve neither of them succeeded in winning her confidence.他們兩人誰也沒能贏得她的信任。
【注】同位語并不影響其后句子謂語的“數”，如：
學生每人都有一本詞典。
正：The students each have a dictionary.
誤：The students each has a dictionary.
請比較下面一句(謂語用了單數，因為each為句子主語)：
正：Each of the students has a dictionary.
6.從句用作同位語(即同位語從句)
They were worried over the fact that you were sick.他們為你生病發愁。
I received a message that she would be late.我得到的信息說她可能晚到。
The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.明天放假的消息不實。
The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong.你可以不動腦筋做此工作的想法是錯誤的。
定語從句：
（一）基礎：引導詞---who,which,that,whom,
練習1.I like cities___________are quiet and clean.
2.I prefer students_________are hard- working.
3.I hate TV shows_________are noisy and boring.
4.The music__________is gentle and quiet attracts me a lot.
5.The food__________tastes delicious is not always healthy.
6.Those boys___________are playing basketballs over there are from Class Fifteen.
7.The books____________are written by Lu Xun are worth reading.
8.The town___we visited last week is much larger than before.9.The book___he bought is very interesting.
�。ǘ┨乩褐挥胻hat的情況
1.先行詞被___________或___________所修飾，或本身是______________________時，只能用that，
2.被修飾的先行詞為________________________________________________等不定代詞時,只能用that.
3.先行詞被_____________________________________________等詞修飾時，只能用 that，而不用which。
4.先行詞里同時含有______________________，如I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
5.以______________________引導的特殊疑問句，只能用that.如： Who is the girl that is crying?
練習
1.I am interested in everything___is about the 2006 World Cup.
2.Is there anything___I can do for you?
3.This is the very bike______I lost
4.To my surprise,he gave me nothing__I need.
5.This is the best dictionary__I have ever used.
6.He was the first person_______passed the exam.
7.He talked happily about the men and books________interested him greatly.
�。ㄈ﹚hose
1.The student______father works in the factory is sitting there.
2.I like the rooms______windows face south.
3.This is the desk______legs were broken.
4The woman___umbrella you took is angry about it.
5.Here comes a girl___handwriting is the best.
6The banana__skin is green can’t be eaten.
7That tall tree_leaves are yellow is very old.
�。ㄋ模⿵木渲^語單復數由先行詞確定，時態由從句時間狀語決定，不必跟主句保持一致。
1.He is one of the boys who____(doesn’t,don’t)finish doing homework.
2.I like films which____(be)exciting and interesting.
3.Children who often____(eat)junk food are easy to become fat and unhealthy.
4.That boy who_____(run)fastest is from our class.
5.Those boys who____playing the guitar are from our school.(be)
6.The trees which_____(be)watered yesterday belong to them.
7.The man who____over there is our teacher.(stand)
8.Those boys who____playing the guitar are from our school.(be)
9.Mr.Brown is one of the foreign experts________________(work)in China.
10.I’m one of the boys______________(like)English best.
(五)“介詞＋關系代詞”注意： 介詞的選用要考慮：
A.與先行詞的搭配關系
1）I will never forget the day__________I joined the army.
2)I will never forget the days______I worked here.
3)I will never forget the year____________my son went to college.
B.與謂語動詞的搭配習慣
1）Have you found the book________I paid 29 dollars?
2）Have you found the book________I spent 29 dollars?
3）Have you found the book_____________we learnt a lot?
4）Have you found the book_______she often talks?
關系副詞的用法
練習：
1.It must be a good place________________we can do a lot of exercise.
2.This is the village_________________we visited last week.
3.The house_______we live in is very big./The house_______we live is very big
4.The woman___________talked to you just now is a doctor.The woman______you talked to is my sister.
The woman to___________you talked is my sister.
5.This is the hospital____________I was born in.
This is the hospital in_________I was born.This is the hospital____________I was born.
綜合練習一.用適當的關系代詞或關系副詞填空
1.The boy______is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
2.This is the present____he gave me for my birthday.
3.The man_______talked to you just now is an engineer.
4.He talked about the teachers and schools_______he had visited.
5.There is nothing in the world______can frighten him.
6.We visited a factory_______makes toys for children.
7.Is this the place_______your father once lived
8.I’ll never forget the days_______I joined the League.
9.The car______my father bought last month is beautiful.
10.The man______hair is white is his grandfather.
Model Verbs:情態動詞
一、表示許可：有may,might,can,could。其中might.could則語氣較委婉，但回答由他們引起的問句時，則不用might,could而用can。
1)May Might Can Could I keep the book for a few days?Yes,you can.
否定形式可用may not,can not或must not，不用might not。
2)Visitors may not(或can not/mustnt)touch the button.
二、表示能力：can; be able to.be able to用于各種時態。在一般過去時中，若指“能夠并且通過某種努力完成某樁事”，我們必須用be able to。
1)Cats can are able to climb trees very quickly.
2)A big fire broke out last night,but everyone was able to escape from the house.
三、表示“責任和義務”的情態動詞有must(主觀),have to(客觀)。mustn’t 表示“不可以、不允許”，而have to否定形式：not have to/neednt。
1)As there was no bus,we had to walk back home.(客觀條件)
2)You mustnt shout like that to your parents.(不可以、不允許)
3)You dont have to needn’t work if you dont feel well.
四、用于推測：must,may,might,can,could.但疑問句中只能用can,could.
1)He looks pale.He__________be ill.
2)---Who_____it be?It_____(not)be Mr.Smith,for he has just left for Paris.
---It________be Mr.Brown,for he has something to discuss with me.
3)He said he didnt feel very well.He_____(not)come to the meeting this evening.
(1.must 2.can,can’t,must 3.maymight not)
注意:表推測時 must,should(ought to),may,could ,might 可能性依次遞減。should,ought to“應該…”較多地用于預測將來的事。can表示理論上的可能性，用于泛指.may,could,might表示事實上的可能性，用于特指具體的，可能將要發生的事。
1)He should be back by now.他現在該回來了。
2)The teacher has explained it several times.There ought to be no problem for them.
4)A dog can be dangerous to you狗可能給人帶來危險。(有這種可能性)
This dog is very clever.It may(或might/could)help you find your key.
這條狗非常聰明，他可能會幫助你找到鑰匙。指具體的事有可能發生。
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