GMAT句子改錯(cuò)練習(xí)題及分析

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　　1. It is called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, which covers more than four times the surface area of its closest rival in size, North America’s Lake Superior.

　　(A) It is called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, which covers

　　(B) Although it is called a sea, actually the landlocked Caspian is the largest lake on Earth, which covers

　　(C) Though called a sea, the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, covering

　　(D) Though called a sea but it actually is the largest lake on Earth, the landlocked Caspian covers

　　(E) Despite being called a sea, the largest lake on Earth is actually the landlocked Caspian, covering

　　答案解析如下：

　　(A)It is called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, which covers

　　【錯(cuò)誤】 修飾成分：定語從句“which covers……”本意上修飾“the largest lake”或“Caspian”，因此構(gòu)成了跳躍修飾(與“which”就近的是“Earth”)，正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)盡量避免跳躍修飾，因此本選項(xiàng)遜于(C)——“，covering”是“is actually the largest lake”

　　的伴隨狀語(只有針對(duì)定語才討論是否存在跳躍修飾的問題)，與其同(邏輯)主語“Caspian”。

　　(B)Although it is called a sea, actually the landlocked Caspian is the largest lake on Earth, which covers

　　【錯(cuò)誤】 修飾成分：類似地，見(A)。

　　(C)Though called a sea, the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, covering

　　【正確】 “Though called a sea” 屬于從句省略，根據(jù)從句省略的語法要求，被“called a sea”的是主句的主語“landlocked Caspian”，表意合理。“covering……”是“is actually the largest lake on Earth”的伴隨狀語，兩者(邏輯)主語同為“landlocked Caspian”，表意合理。

　　【大意】 盡管被稱作海，內(nèi)陸湖里海實(shí)際上是地球上最大的湖，覆蓋面積是僅次之的北美五大湖之Superior湖的四倍。

　　(D)Though called a sea but it actually is the largest lake on Earth, the landlocked Caspian covers

　　【錯(cuò)誤】 句子結(jié)構(gòu)：“though”和“but”，在一對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系中只用其一，不得同時(shí)使用。

　　(E)Despite being called a sea, the largest lake on Earth is actually the landlocked Caspian, covering

　　【錯(cuò)誤1】 句子意思：“Despite being called a sea, the largest lake on Earth is actually the landlocked Caspian”中“被稱作海”與“地球上最大的內(nèi)陸湖是里海”是一對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，但這種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系并不合理。

　　【錯(cuò)誤2】 簡潔明了：動(dòng)名詞“being”在GMAT考察的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)書面英語中不具有簡潔性。

　　【最優(yōu)解題思路推薦】

　　“though”和“but”不應(yīng)放在同一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系里，立即排除(D)。

　　(A)、(B)存在正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)盡量避免的結(jié)構(gòu)——跳躍修飾，(E)中“being”不具有簡潔性，因此選擇(C)。

　　2. In 1713, Alexander Pope began his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until completion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced the greatest translation in any language.

　　(A) his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until completion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced

　　(B) his translation of the Iliad, a work that took him seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced

　　(C) his translation of the Iliad, a work that had taken seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced it as

　　(D) translating the Iliad, a work that took seven years until completion and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced it as

　　(E) translating the Iliad, a work that had taken seven years to complete and literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope’s contemporary, pronounced it

　　答案解析如下：

　　(A)his translation of the Iliad, a work that, taking him seven years until completion, and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced

　　【錯(cuò)誤】 平行結(jié)構(gòu)：“and”后方連接的是“that”引導(dǎo)的從句，“and”前方也應(yīng)有如此的結(jié)構(gòu)，但“and”前方的“that”引導(dǎo)的是“, taking him seven years until completion”，并非從句，“and”前后不平行。

　　(B)his translation of the Iliad, a work that took him seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced

　　【正確】 “that took him seven years to complete”和“that literary critic Samuel Johnson pronounced the greatest translation in any language”正確地用“and”平行在一起，共同作為定語從句修飾“a work”，“a work”作為同位語修飾“Iliad”，修飾關(guān)系準(zhǔn)確合理。

　　【大意】 1713年，Alexander Pope開始翻譯“Iliad”，這項(xiàng)(翻譯)工作花了他七年完成，并且被Pope同代人文學(xué)評(píng)論家Samuel Johnson成為任何語言中最偉大的翻譯。

　　(C)his translation of the Iliad, a work that had taken seven years to complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced it as

　　【錯(cuò)誤1】 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)：“had”引導(dǎo)的過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去”發(fā)生的事，然而“had taken seven years”并不應(yīng)該是“began his translation”之前發(fā)生的，因此本選項(xiàng)誤用過去完成時(shí)。

　　【錯(cuò)誤2】 修飾成分：“and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced it the greatest translation in any language”(“pronounce X Y”意思是把“把X宣稱為Y”)是修飾之前“a work”的定語從句，其中的“it”即為“a work”，這違反了定語從句的使用規(guī)則，因?yàn)?ldquo;a work”已經(jīng)被關(guān)系代詞“that”指代，無需再使用“it”重復(fù)指代，比方說“《哈利波特》是李喜歡的一本書”應(yīng)寫成“Harry Potter is a book that Li likes very much”，而不應(yīng)寫成“Harry Potter is a book that Li likes it very much”。

　　(D)translating the Iliad, a work that took seven years until completion and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced it as

　　【錯(cuò)誤】 修飾成分：見(C)中【錯(cuò)誤2】。

　　(E)translating the Iliad, a work that had taken seven years to complete and literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced it

　　【錯(cuò)誤1】 平行結(jié)構(gòu)：由日常邏輯，“and literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced it……”和之前“that”引導(dǎo)的定語從句共同修飾“a work”語義更佳，而優(yōu)于“and”后沒有“that”且“pronounced”后方出現(xiàn)“it”，導(dǎo)致“literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced it……”成為了一個(gè)與主句“Alexander Pope began his translation of the Iliad”平行的結(jié)構(gòu)，表意遜于(B)。

　　【錯(cuò)誤1】 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)：見(C)中【錯(cuò)誤1】。

　　【最優(yōu)解題思路推薦】

　　只有(B)正確使用了“that……and that……”定語從句平行且修飾“a work”的結(jié)構(gòu)，其他選項(xiàng)要么定語從句出錯(cuò)，要么破壞了這種平行結(jié)構(gòu)，因此選擇(B)。

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