同位語和定語從句的區別
導語：同位語和定語從句的區別是什么?以下是小編為大家整理的文章，歡迎閱讀!希望對大家有所幫助!
1、從句所修飾詞的不同。
同位語從句所修飾詞通常是少數一些表示抽象意義的名詞，如belief , doubt , fact, hope , idea , news , possibility , thought , order , suggestion , wish ,answer , information , conclusion , decision , discovery , knowledge , law ,opinion , problem , promise , proof , question , report , truth , risk 等。
定語從句的先行詞可以指人、物等。
例如：
He has told us a fact that drinking too much does harm to our health.
他又告訴我們一個事實，過渡飲酒對健康有害。(同位語從句)
We have no idea that her mother was a professor ten years ago.
我們不知道她的母親十年前是個教授。(同位語從句)
This is the book that I bought yesterday.
這是我昨天買的那本書。(定語從句)
I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.
我將永遠不會忘記我入黨的那一天。(定語從句)
2. 連接詞的作用不同。
連接同位語從句的that只起連接作用，不在從句中擔任任何句子成分。whether 和how 可以引導同位語從句，但不能引導定語從句。關系代詞和關系副詞除了連接從句的作用外，還在定語從句中充當一定的句子成分，如主語、賓語、定語、表語等。引導定語從句的連接詞是關系詞，常見的關系代詞和關系副詞有that , which , who ,whose , whom , when , where , why , as，than, but 等。
The news that he wants to get is whether he will be sent to the countryside.
他所想得到的消息是他是否將被派往農村。(定語從句，關系代詞that作從句get的賓語。)
Do you have a doubt whether she will be dismissed from school?
你懷疑她是否能被學校開除嗎?(同位語從句)
I have no idea how his parents were sad on hearing that their son was killed in the earthquake.
我不知道他的`父母一聽到他在地震中陣亡是多么悲傷!(同位語從句)
3. 從句作用的不同。
定語從句具有形容詞或副詞的特點，對先行詞起修飾、限定作用，描述先行詞的性質或特征，與先行詞之間是所屬關系。同位語從句具有名詞的特點，對中心詞作進一步補充解釋，是中心詞的具體內容。
例如：
The man that you saw just now is my bother.
你剛才看到的那個人是我的弟弟。(定語從句)
The suggestion that the meeting be put off proved right.
推遲會議的建議證明是正確得。(同位語從句)
The suggestion that he had made is that the meeting be put off.
他提出的建議推遲會議。(定語從句)
4. 正確理解和使用同位語從句，還應注意以下幾點：
A.分隔同位語從句：有時同位語從句與其先行詞被其它成分分隔開來，這種分隔主要出于修辭原因，即為了保持句子結構平衡，避免頭重腳輕。
The whole truth came out at last that he was a wolf in sheep‘s clothing .
真相終于大白了，他原來是只披著羊皮的狼。
B.在某些名詞后的同位語從句中，其謂語動詞應用虛擬語氣形式：(should)+ 動詞原形。常見的名詞有advice , idea , order , demand ,plan , proposal , suggestion , request 等。例如：
The suggestion that a new bridge (should) be built was accepted .
采納了在這里修建一座新橋的建議。
C.同位語從句的先行詞往往沒有復數形式。例如：
他要來教我們英語的消息昨天我就聽說了。
(正)The message that he would teach us English reached me yesterday .
(誤)The messages that he would teach us English reached me yesterday .
最后我們在一起來做三道練習題:
1. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which B. that
C. what D. whether
2. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which
C. what D. that
3. Luckily, we'd brought a road map without ____ we would have lost our way.
A. it B. that
C. this D. which
答案:1. B 2. B 3. D
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