定語(yǔ)從句的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)（通用11篇）
作為一名辛苦耕耘的教育工作者，往往需要進(jìn)行教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)編寫(xiě)工作，教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)是把教學(xué)原理轉(zhuǎn)化為教學(xué)材料和教學(xué)活動(dòng)的計(jì)劃。那么問(wèn)題來(lái)了，教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該怎么寫(xiě)？以下是小編幫大家整理的定語(yǔ)從句的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
定語(yǔ)從句的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) 1
教學(xué)目標(biāo)：
1.學(xué)生能掌握關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的正確使用。
2.學(xué)生能正確理解整個(gè)句子的意思
教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)：定語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞（who, whom, whose，that , which，when，where, why）的正確使用 教學(xué)過(guò)程：
例子導(dǎo)入：
The girl is my sister.
is my sister.
先行詞定語(yǔ)從句
一.定義：在復(fù)合句中，用來(lái)修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞叫先
行詞。定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞之后。
先行詞（物） ↘引導(dǎo)詞（that指代the music）
She is a 先行詞（人）↘引導(dǎo)詞（who指代a girl）
二.引導(dǎo)詞who, whom, whose，that , which（表人、表物，作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)）
關(guān)系副詞：when，where, why, （表時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因，作狀語(yǔ)）
（1）先行詞表人時(shí)可用who，that或whom
分點(diǎn)練習(xí)：① He is a boy（______ is confident.）
主語(yǔ)
② (介詞提前)
③ He is the teacher ( ______ you are waiting for.)
賓語(yǔ)
歸納總結(jié)：當(dāng)先行詞是人：①引導(dǎo)詞在句中作主語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞用who，that
③引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞用who/whom
小試牛刀：1.Is this the man with ______ you went to the zoo yesterday?
A. who B. whom C. which
2.He is a man ( _______ we can learn).
A. whom B. from which C. from whom
learn from
【2013廣東湛江】25. —Look! That is the woman I met yesterday.
—Oh? She’s my aunt.
A. whatB. who C. where D. when
【2013廣東】45. The young lady ______ is interviewing Lin Zhixuan about the program I am a singer is from 21st Century Talent Net.
A. whoB. whom C. whichD. whose
（2）whose的使用
名詞
A. whichB. whose C. that
引導(dǎo)詞后面有名詞（表所屬）時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用whose
（3）先行詞表物時(shí)，用that或which
that與which的區(qū)別：
that和which都可表物，一般可互換，但下列情況只用that
1. I’m sure she has something ______ you can borrow.
A. thatB. which
⑴ 先行詞為：that 2. I’ve read ⑵ 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時(shí)
4. This is the only book that belongs to him.
⑷先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the best, the last等修飾時(shí)
6. There is a book on the desk belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書(shū)是湯姆的
⑹在
7 Who is the girl ______ spoke to you just now?
Which is the car ____
__ was made in China?
A. thatB. who C. which
[7].當(dāng)主句 that
鞏固練習(xí)： Who is the man ______ I saw yesterday.
小試牛刀： I like the music _______ he writes.A. /B. whoC. why D when
只用which的情況：
1.This is the house in ______ he lives.A. thatB. whichC. who
1.先行詞是物，且介詞提前用which
The school (______ my father works) looks very beautiful.
(my father works in the school)
A. which B. in thatC. in which
對(duì)比：Is this the man with ______ you went to the zoo yesterday?
A. who B. whom C. which
先行詞是人，且介詞提前用_______.
2.先行詞（物）與引導(dǎo)詞之間有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)（非限制性定語(yǔ)從句），用which 2.He lives in a house, _______ has many trees around it.
A. thatB. whichC. who
3.先行詞為that, those時(shí),用
which
3.What’在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?
【2011廣東】44. The first thing _____ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter.
A. whichB. thatC. why D. who
【2011?廣州】The story ______ I read the newspaper was about a common problem among teenagers.
A. whose B. who C. that D. where
【2013安徽】49. I still remember the college and the teachers_____________I visited in London years ago.
A. whatB. who C. that D. which
（4）關(guān)系副詞when, where,why的用法：
先行詞是一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的詞如：time, hour, day, month, year時(shí)，其所對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞如在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(不充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ))，則用關(guān)系副詞when。
1.A. that B. whichC. when
2.先行詞,在句中作狀語(yǔ)。
2. This is the factory ________ my father works.
拓展：當(dāng)point, situation，conditions等詞作先行詞表抽象的地點(diǎn),其后常由where引導(dǎo)
1.Can you think out a situation ________ this word can be used?
2. Her illness has developed to the point ________ nobody can cure her.
3. That is the reason (why) I did it.
Do you know the reason(why)she has changed her mind?
在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系副詞互換。
The day when (=on which) she arrived was Thursday. 她到的那天是星期四。
July and August are the months when (=in which) the weather is hot. 七八月是天氣很熱的月份 This is the hotel where ( =in which / at which) they were staying. 這就是他們當(dāng)時(shí)住的旅店 Do you remember the place where (=at which) we had lunch? 你記得我們吃午飯的地方嗎?
The reason why (=for which) I came here was to be with my family. 我到這里來(lái)的`原因是要跟我的家里人在一起
小試牛刀：This is the factory in ________ my father works.
解析：這里填which，in which=where
拓展：判斷找引導(dǎo)詞是關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞，找出定語(yǔ)從句的主謂賓，先使其變?yōu)楹?jiǎn)單的肯定句看缺什么成分。
This is the city (which/that) you visited last year.
（you visited the city last year）.先行詞直接充當(dāng)visited的賓語(yǔ)，缺的是賓語(yǔ)，所以用which或that
2如：This is the city where you stayed last year.
先行詞也是the city，將其放入定語(yǔ)從句中不能直接作成分，必須加上介詞in，一起做從句的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于in +which所以此處用where.
就必須要求;而系副詞。）
小試牛刀：1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one
解析：例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago. 所缺部分為主句的表語(yǔ)，從句的賓語(yǔ)，而where, on which都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用，而that只作從句賓語(yǔ)，還缺主句的表語(yǔ), 只有the one既做了主句的表語(yǔ)，又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞that，所以應(yīng)選D。
例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選A。
鞏固練習(xí)：2 Ill never forget the days______I spent in the countryside.
A. whereB. thatC. on whichD.when
2012廣東】42. There will be a flower show in the park
A. who B. when C. what D. Which
we visited last week.
定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)的形式
① There are the twins who ______ in the next door. A. liveB. lives C. lived
② A. tellB. is telling C. tells
先行詞
總結(jié)：㈠從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與_先行詞_的單復(fù)數(shù)一致，（當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)時(shí)）
鞏固練習(xí)：
1.The silk _______ is made in Hangzhou sells well.
A. thatB. who C. what D. /
2.In the dark street ,there wasn’t a single person _____she could turn for help.
A .thatB. whoC. from whom D. to whom
3.Do you live near the building ______color is yellow?
A. that B. which C. whose D. its
定語(yǔ)從句的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) 2
一．Teaching goals:
1， 英語(yǔ)中，定語(yǔ)的定義和作用
2， 定語(yǔ)從句的定義和作用
3， 如何用英語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)更完善的意思
4， 如何改寫(xiě)定語(yǔ)從句。
二．Important and difficult points:
1，定語(yǔ)從句的表達(dá)和運(yùn)用，
2，改寫(xiě)定語(yǔ)從句
三．Teaching procedures :
Step 1: Lead ---in
(1) greet the class as usual
(2) lead—in by asking two questions:
T:Do you konw what we will learn today?
First ,let`s look at the screen,there are two questions and some pictures:
Question 1: What fruit do you like to eat?
Question 2: Do you like dress or skirt?
Step 2: Presentation
Task one: think about the two questions,and tell your answers
Task two: 引入定語(yǔ)（ Attributive ）的概念，并舉例。
定語(yǔ)：定語(yǔ)用來(lái)限定、修飾名詞或代詞的，是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子
定語(yǔ)從句講解教案
漢語(yǔ)中常用’……的’表示。主要由形容詞擔(dān)任。此外，名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，分詞，副詞，不定式以及介詞短語(yǔ)也可以來(lái)?yè)?dān)任，也可以由一個(gè)句子來(lái)?yè)?dān)任．單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的`詞之前，作前置定語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)和從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在所修飾的詞之后，作后置定語(yǔ)。
先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞稱為先行詞
Task three: 引入定語(yǔ)從句的（The Attributive Clauses)的概念，
定語(yǔ)從句的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) 3
Attributive Clause 定語(yǔ)從句
I. Teaching Aims:（教學(xué)目的）
1、了解定語(yǔ)從句的位置、結(jié)構(gòu)以及翻譯；
2、學(xué)習(xí)并掌握定語(yǔ)從句的規(guī)則，尤其是關(guān)系代詞的選擇。
II. Teaching Points:（教學(xué)重點(diǎn)）
1、定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞以及關(guān)系代詞的概念；
2、關(guān)系代詞的選擇。
III. Teaching Methods:（教學(xué)方法）
1、歌曲引入法，小魔術(shù)引導(dǎo)法；
2、舉例講解，說(shuō)明定語(yǔ)從句的用法；
3、以講練結(jié)合的方法加深學(xué)生印象。
IV. Teaching Steps:（教學(xué)步驟）
Step one: lead-in （導(dǎo)入）
Firstly，enjoy the music “Take me to your heart”.
T: What’s the name of the song?
Ss: It is Take me to your heart.T: Do you like the song whose name is Take me to your heart? Ss: I like the song whose name is Take me to your heart very much.
Secondly, show the students your favorite sentence:“ All I need is someone who makes me wanna sing. DO you know how to sing this sentence?
引出這句你最愛(ài)的歌詞，具體是什么樣的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，留個(gè)懸念，大家拭目以待！最后揭曉。
Step two: 引入定語(yǔ)從句概念
老師拿出兩根繩子，要求學(xué)生想個(gè)辦法將兩根繩子合二為一，學(xué)生提出各種方案，由此引出重要的概念：定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞，關(guān)系詞。
在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫做先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句通常置于先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞主要有關(guān)系代詞(who, whom, which, that, whose) 和關(guān)系副詞(when, where, why)。 注意：本堂課重點(diǎn)講解關(guān)系代詞的選擇。
eg1: This is a dream. The dream never comes true.
This is a dream which/that never comes true. (這是一個(gè)難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的夢(mèng).)
eg2: Harry Porter is a boy.Harry Porter has magic power.
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.（哈利波特是個(gè)有魔法的.男孩.）
Step three: 詳細(xì)講解定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
1. 以實(shí)例分析定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞以及關(guān)系詞的
概念；
2. 列出常用關(guān)系詞，主要是關(guān)系代詞。表格展示。說(shuō)明如果關(guān)系詞在從句中做賓語(yǔ)，可以省略；
3. 關(guān)系詞的選擇：（1）確定先行詞；（2）關(guān)系詞所替代的先行詞是指人還是指物；
（3）關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?/p>
4. 實(shí)例鞏固；
5. 游戲：A guessing game 根據(jù)描述猜人（姚明）。然后根據(jù)中文簡(jiǎn)介，自己練習(xí)使用定語(yǔ)從句；
6. 定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯。不管引導(dǎo)詞是哪一個(gè)，都翻譯為“……的”；
7. 基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)關(guān)系詞的選擇；
8. Attention: 雖然that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換, 但在下列情況下, 只用that不用which。
(1) 先行詞為all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)。
(2) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。
(3) 先行詞被the only, the very(恰恰), the same, the last修飾時(shí)。
(4) 先行詞同時(shí)含有人和物時(shí)。
9. Have a try! 練習(xí)鞏固；
10. 高考鏈接。
Summary:（小結(jié)）讓學(xué)生自己進(jìn)行總結(jié)，老師適時(shí)給出一定的引導(dǎo)。 Homework:（作業(yè)）
1. 預(yù)習(xí)關(guān)系副詞的使用；
2. 每人造五個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的例句，可以描述人，物體以及事情。
Teaching reflection: (教學(xué)反思)
總的來(lái)說(shuō)整堂課的氣氛基本達(dá)到我的預(yù)想，教學(xué)內(nèi)容也得以輸出。但是卻未能準(zhǔn)確把握上課時(shí)間，由于內(nèi)容偏多，導(dǎo)致后半節(jié)課有些許趕進(jìn)度，這就影響了整個(gè)教學(xué)效果，我想這是經(jīng)驗(yàn)不夠的緣故。此外，課件部分的聲效似乎不是非常適合，有些過(guò)于突兀。但還是要給自己鼓勵(lì)，因?yàn)闆](méi)有出現(xiàn)預(yù)想的緊張等情緒。繼續(xù)努力！
定語(yǔ)從句的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) 4
一 教案背景及教材分析：
本堂課是在學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)完整個(gè)初中英語(yǔ)后復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容中的一部分。定語(yǔ)從句是初中英語(yǔ)重要的語(yǔ)法之一，它既是重點(diǎn)也是難點(diǎn)，是學(xué)生平時(shí)最常接觸的，它在各個(gè)題型中無(wú)所不在。因此，復(fù)習(xí)好定語(yǔ)從句是十分必須的。
這是一堂初三下學(xué)期的語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)課，內(nèi)容是定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)習(xí)。因?yàn)檫@個(gè)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目是初三學(xué)過(guò)的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容，在平時(shí)的練習(xí)中也經(jīng)常地接觸，所以學(xué)生對(duì)該語(yǔ)法比較熟悉。但是由于時(shí)間間隔長(zhǎng)，所以某些語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)及其特殊用法可能有點(diǎn)模糊。
二教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)
重點(diǎn):進(jìn)一步明確定語(yǔ)從句的概念，熟練掌握定語(yǔ)從句中的先行詞和常見(jiàn)引導(dǎo)詞的用法
難點(diǎn):（1）讓學(xué)生積極加入到課堂情景，總是帶著問(wèn)題去研究；帶著疑問(wèn)，為了用而大膽討論；（2）靈活運(yùn)用不同引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
三、教學(xué)目標(biāo)
結(jié)合本課的內(nèi)容和其在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的地位，我把本節(jié)課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)特定如下：
1進(jìn)一步明確定語(yǔ)從句的概念 ，熟練掌握先行詞及其常見(jiàn)引導(dǎo)詞。
2靈活運(yùn)用不同的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，解決學(xué)習(xí)問(wèn)題。
3能運(yùn)用所學(xué)定語(yǔ)從句談?wù)撟约旱?日常生活，描繪自己的生活，從而體驗(yàn)生活的樂(lè)趣
四、教學(xué)方法
1、教學(xué)方法
為達(dá)成上述教學(xué)目標(biāo)，本人運(yùn)用任務(wù)型教學(xué)途徑，圍繞教學(xué)內(nèi)容，盡可能提供訓(xùn)練學(xué)生技能的機(jī)會(huì)，開(kāi)展自主性學(xué)習(xí)的課堂活動(dòng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)合作探究與獨(dú)立思考的相結(jié)合。
2、教學(xué)工具：多媒體——播放幻燈片，flash動(dòng)畫(huà)和優(yōu)美動(dòng)聽(tīng)的音樂(lè)進(jìn)行直觀教學(xué)，激發(fā)興趣，調(diào)節(jié)學(xué)習(xí)疲勞，緩解學(xué)習(xí)壓力，提高學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力。
五、學(xué)習(xí)方法
《新課標(biāo)》指出 “應(yīng)讓學(xué)生掌握英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的基本方法，養(yǎng)成自主學(xué)習(xí)的習(xí)慣”、 “為繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)和終身發(fā)展打好基礎(chǔ)”。所以，在學(xué)法上以學(xué)生養(yǎng)、練能力為出發(fā)點(diǎn)。
1、自主學(xué)習(xí)法：為了培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力，提高學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行思維和表達(dá)的能力，設(shè)置一些學(xué)生易于回答的問(wèn)題，讓每一個(gè)學(xué)生都主動(dòng)參與。
2、合作學(xué)習(xí)法：為了提高學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)獲取信息、處理信息、分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力，通過(guò)分組討論、學(xué)生互動(dòng)來(lái)完成。
3、探究式學(xué)習(xí)法：促進(jìn)學(xué)生實(shí)踐能力和創(chuàng)新思維的發(fā)展。為此，在重點(diǎn)的把握上，采用同學(xué)之間合作探討的方法。
六、教學(xué)過(guò)程
本節(jié)課我采用“345”教學(xué)模式，分課前延伸，課內(nèi)探究與課后提升。
課前延伸：
課前請(qǐng)同學(xué)們找一些定語(yǔ)從句，整理下來(lái)大聲朗讀，并在小組內(nèi)每人都獨(dú)立表達(dá)一句
課內(nèi)探究
（呈現(xiàn)完目標(biāo)后，多媒體展示幾幅圖片，要求學(xué)生用定語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)句子，從而進(jìn)一步明確定語(yǔ)從句的概念和用法，然后給學(xué)生安排一個(gè)如下的小組活動(dòng)）
（一） 你來(lái)總結(jié)：常見(jiàn)定語(yǔ)從句中的引導(dǎo)詞及其用法
（總結(jié)完后，緊跟練習(xí)，達(dá)到及時(shí)鞏固的目的，要求學(xué)生在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成下題）
（二）語(yǔ)法練習(xí)。（用引導(dǎo)詞填空）
The boy ____________ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.
The e-mail ___________ I received yesterday was from my sister.
I hate people ______________ talk much but do little.
The car _____________ my father bought last month is very beautiful.
5The man ______ hair is white is his grandfather.
6. Is there a student _________ father is a business man?
7. This is the house in ________ we have lived for 10 years.
8.I’ve never heard of the people and things ________ you talked about just now.
（學(xué)生小組討論后，課件展示答案，然后完成拔高題，進(jìn)一步練習(xí)對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的應(yīng)用）
（三）能力拔高：
Match the two sentences
1.I’m reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates.
_______________________________________
2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese.
_______________________________________
3.I don’t like the man. He is smoking.
____________________________________
4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week.
（學(xué)生在討論和練習(xí)后，針對(duì)一些一錯(cuò)點(diǎn)和特殊點(diǎn)以及難點(diǎn)教師需做如下點(diǎn)撥）
（四） 精講點(diǎn)撥
1當(dāng)先行詞是something, anything, nothing, all等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.
2當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞，最高級(jí)等詞修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.
3當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)指人和物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.
4當(dāng)主句是以疑問(wèn)詞who或which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)
5當(dāng)先行詞是物且前面有the only ,the very ,the last等修飾時(shí)
專項(xiàng)練習(xí)
（1）My money is not the only thingismissing
AwhichBthatCwho
(2) Icanremember the persons and some picturesIsaw in the room.
AwhereBwhichCthat.
(3)Hewas the first personpassed the exam.
A whomBwhoCthat
（4）Is there anything ______ I can do for you?
(5).Who is the girl _______is standing under the tree?
(6). Which is the machine ____ we used last Sunday
(7)This is the first play ________ I have seen since I came here.
(8). This is the best novel _______ I have read.
注意定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致。
For example:
1I will never forgetthe poor boy who has no arms
練一練：He is the man who （ｔｅａｃｈ）ｕｓ Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈ．
Ｔｈｉｓ ｉｓ ｔｈｅ ｍｉｌｋ ｔｈａｔ ｇｏｏｄ ｆｏｒ ｙｏu
定語(yǔ)從句與賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
（上述幾方面要求學(xué)生當(dāng)堂記住，然后完成練習(xí)，并在小組內(nèi)及時(shí)糾正．）
（習(xí)題結(jié)束后，安排一個(gè)小組活動(dòng)，多媒體出示一個(gè)活動(dòng)內(nèi)容，要求以小組為單位，選擇一個(gè)話題，人人參與，并選擇一個(gè)代表進(jìn)行描述，必須用上定語(yǔ)從句，教師注意對(duì)小組及時(shí)評(píng)價(jià)）
定語(yǔ)從句的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) 5
一、概述
課題來(lái)源：
初三英語(yǔ)
所需課件：
一課時(shí)
學(xué)習(xí)資料：
定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞who，whom，which，that，as的用法。
定語(yǔ)從句是一個(gè)很重要的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，為以后的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)打下堅(jiān)定的基礎(chǔ)，也是初高考出現(xiàn)頻率較高的考點(diǎn)。
二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)分析
知識(shí)與目標(biāo)分析
知識(shí)與技能目標(biāo)：
幫忙學(xué)生掌握關(guān)系代詞who，whom，which，that，as的用法，豐富學(xué)生的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立的學(xué)習(xí)潛力，能夠運(yùn)用這些知識(shí)去解決定語(yǔ)從句的習(xí)題。
過(guò)程與方法目標(biāo)：
讓學(xué)生主動(dòng)參與感知——積累——理解關(guān)系代詞的過(guò)程，讓學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)關(guān)系代詞的用法，學(xué)會(huì)探究解決問(wèn)題。
情感態(tài)度價(jià)值觀目標(biāo)：
讓學(xué)生體驗(yàn)到學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句的樂(lè)趣。
三、學(xué)習(xí)者特征分析
初中生剛剛接觸與從句，對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)認(rèn)識(shí)不夠清楚，但是這部分資料很重要，有助于學(xué)生完善整個(gè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)。
四、教學(xué)策略選取與設(shè)計(jì)
本課題主要采用啟發(fā)式教學(xué)策略，合作學(xué)習(xí)，探究學(xué)習(xí)的策略，在教學(xué)中，創(chuàng)設(shè)問(wèn)題情景，以小組為單位進(jìn)行討論，合作學(xué)習(xí)，得出結(jié)論。
五、教學(xué)資源與工具設(shè)計(jì)
多媒體教室計(jì)算機(jī)PPT課件
六、教學(xué)過(guò)程
第一步：復(fù)習(xí)（檢查作業(yè)）
第二步：導(dǎo)入
Marry is a beautiful girl.
Marry is a girl who has long hair.
……（討論句子特征）
老師總結(jié)：什么是定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞，引出定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)。
第三步：介紹引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞。
第四步：詳細(xì)介紹這些關(guān)系代詞的用法。
第五步：習(xí)題（加深印象）
第六步：課后總結(jié)
第七步：布置作業(yè)
七、幫忙和總結(jié)
教師以啟發(fā)誘導(dǎo)的方式向?qū)W生帶給幫忙和指導(dǎo)，針對(duì)不一樣的學(xué)習(xí)間斷的學(xué)生采取不一樣的幫忙和指導(dǎo)，之處不一樣水平的要求，給予不一樣的幫忙。對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)潛力強(qiáng)的能夠以暗示的.方式進(jìn)行指示，對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)潛力差的學(xué)生能夠透過(guò)逐步深入的方式進(jìn)行討論。
在學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)束后，對(duì)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)做出簡(jiǎn)單的總結(jié)，能夠布置一些練習(xí)題，以強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)效果。
八、教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)設(shè)計(jì)
建立量規(guī)，向?qū)W生展示他們將被如何評(píng)價(jià)（來(lái)自教師和小組其他成員的評(píng)價(jià)）。另外，能夠建立一個(gè)自我評(píng)價(jià)表，這樣學(xué)生能夠用它對(duì)自我的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。
定語(yǔ)從句的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) 6
定語(yǔ)從句在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。
關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。
一．關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。例如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想見(jiàn)的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）
2）whose用來(lái)指人或物，（只用作定語(yǔ),若指物，它還可以同of which互換）。例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人車壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。
3）which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）
The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）
二．關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。
1）關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如：
There are occasions when（on which）one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。
Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer?
這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？
2）that代替關(guān)系副詞，可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和“介+which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略。例如：
His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was born.
他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago.
他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過(guò)的地方。
三．判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
方法一：用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.這是我去年呆過(guò)的山村。
Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記與你共事的日子。
判斷改錯(cuò)：
（錯(cuò)）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（錯(cuò)）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（對(duì)）This is the mountain village（which）I visited last year.
（對(duì)）Ill never forget the days（which）I spent in the countryside.
習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。
方法二：準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例1 D，例2 A。
例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢his museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢his is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分為賓語(yǔ)，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用，只有the one既做了主句的.表語(yǔ)，又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。
而句2中,主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞on用的不對(duì)，所以選A。
關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who, whom,that, which, whose）；先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞（where地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why 原因狀語(yǔ)） 。
四．限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。例如：
This is the house which we bought last month.
這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。（限制性）
定語(yǔ)從句的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) 7
一、設(shè)計(jì)背景
1． 初步掌握及運(yùn)用定語(yǔ)從句，如讓學(xué)生用定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)完成對(duì)人物喜歡的人物進(jìn)行描述，如I like music that I can dance to. She is the only one who’s studying French.等。
2．本課的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)就是能初步掌握及運(yùn)用定語(yǔ)從句，為了使學(xué)生順利地完成教學(xué)任務(wù)，教師以學(xué)生為主體，為學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)了幾個(gè)以他們的認(rèn)知水平出發(fā)的符合生活實(shí)際的他們感興趣的一環(huán)扣一環(huán)的子任務(wù)，每個(gè)子任務(wù)緊緊圍繞總?cè)蝿?wù)展開(kāi)，再深入，在一個(gè)一個(gè)完成任務(wù)的活動(dòng)中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的能力。
二、教學(xué)目標(biāo)
（1）語(yǔ)言目標(biāo)：能用定語(yǔ)從句較自如地描述及談?wù)撊撕臀铩Ｔ诨顒?dòng)中訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的聽(tīng)力，口頭表達(dá)能力，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的觀察，想象和創(chuàng)造力。
（2）情感目標(biāo)：促進(jìn)同學(xué)間積極合作交流，發(fā)展同學(xué)間的友誼 。
教學(xué)方法：多媒體的運(yùn)用能創(chuàng)設(shè)真實(shí)的語(yǔ)言情景，學(xué)生也很感興趣，極大地鼓動(dòng)了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的積極性，而且呈現(xiàn)在課堂上能使教學(xué)更生活化，也更直觀和具體。
三、教學(xué)方法
以學(xué)生為主體，用多媒體輔助教學(xué)，通過(guò)幫助學(xué)生理解、歸納、總結(jié)、討論等方式學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句，由于本節(jié)課是學(xué)生第一次系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句，要達(dá)到讓學(xué)生初步掌握定語(yǔ)從句這一目的。
四、學(xué)法指導(dǎo)、自主學(xué)習(xí)、合作學(xué)習(xí)
五、教學(xué)過(guò)程
第一環(huán)節(jié)： 觀察以下例句：
1.The red pen is broken.
2.The pen on the desk is broken.
3.The pen that I bought yesterday is broken.
導(dǎo)入：通過(guò)對(duì)定語(yǔ)的理解，導(dǎo)入定語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句的概念，定語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，當(dāng)修飾詞是一個(gè)句子時(shí)被稱為定語(yǔ)從句。通常置于它所修飾的詞之后，這種被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等，關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中只用作狀語(yǔ)。
例句分析：
I like to have friends who are like me.
I like to have friends who are different from me.
He is the only one who is studying French.
Be careful of the person who doesn’t speak and the dog that doesn’t bark.
You can’t wake up a person who pretends to sleep.
He who can’t get to the Great Wall is not a true man.
I like musicians who play different kinds of music.
Another that he found very difficult is grammar.
The other day, my friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.
Being a professional athlete is the only thing that I have ever wanted to do.
I like music that I can sing along with.
I like music that has great lyrics.
I like music that I can dance to.
得出結(jié)論1)當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí)
a. 關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，用which/that引導(dǎo)，且不能省略.b. 關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用which/that引導(dǎo)，且可以省略.
2)當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí)
a. 關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，用who/that引導(dǎo)，且不能省略.b. 關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，用who/that/whom引導(dǎo)，且可以省略.
第二環(huán)節(jié)：在學(xué)生對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句有了初步的了解后，創(chuàng)設(shè)情境，學(xué)以致用，讓學(xué)生分組活動(dòng)，根據(jù)多媒體呈現(xiàn)的情境，有創(chuàng)造性地造句：
This is a singer who/that …
who is a boy.
who is very shy.
who writes his own songs.
who has a song called Qinghuaci.
Who I like best.
It’s an animal that/which is very strong.
It’s an animal that/which has long nose and big ears.
It’s an animal that/which I like very much.
第三環(huán)節(jié)： 在學(xué)生對(duì)一般的規(guī)律都把握好以后，把學(xué)生的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)和定語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)呈現(xiàn)在屏幕上，讓學(xué)生仔細(xì)觀察并作出總結(jié)，該環(huán)節(jié)設(shè)計(jì)得很好，很好地訓(xùn)練了學(xué)生的觀察能力和主動(dòng)探究的能力，效果較好。
仔細(xì)觀察：你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)什么？
1) I prefer shoes that are cool.
2) I like a pizza that is really delicious.
3) I love singers who are beautiful.
4) I have a friend who plays sports.
學(xué)生觀察后得出的結(jié)論為：
who/that在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。
第四環(huán)節(jié)：小節(jié)本堂課的內(nèi)容
什么是定語(yǔ) ？
什么是定語(yǔ)從句？
定語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是什么？
關(guān)系詞有幾重作用？
此環(huán)節(jié)讓學(xué)生對(duì)所學(xué)的知識(shí)加以升華，并在大腦里形成知識(shí)框架，把知識(shí)系統(tǒng)化。
第五五環(huán)節(jié)：鞏固練習(xí)---以檢查學(xué)生是否真正掌握本堂課的知識(shí)，實(shí)踐證明，學(xué)生掌握得很好。
第六環(huán)節(jié)：合作探究
留給學(xué)生的問(wèn)題
1.如果先行詞既有人又有物，用什么關(guān)系詞？
2.如果先行詞是時(shí)間，用什么關(guān)系詞？
3.如果先行詞是地點(diǎn)，用什么關(guān)系詞？
4.關(guān)系詞whose怎么用？
通過(guò)此環(huán)節(jié)給學(xué)生留下思維拓展的空間，也為以后的學(xué)習(xí)做好鋪墊，體現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)的延續(xù)性。
課堂小結(jié)：通過(guò)例子讓學(xué)生總結(jié)定語(yǔ)從句的規(guī)律和特點(diǎn)，同時(shí)總結(jié)不同關(guān)系詞的.用法。在這節(jié)課中，學(xué)生對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句這一語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目有了不同程度的鞏固和深化。
六、課后反思：
優(yōu)點(diǎn)：本節(jié)課教學(xué)目標(biāo)明確，條理清楚，板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)合理，教學(xué)內(nèi)容緊扣學(xué)生生活實(shí)際，學(xué)生在教師的引導(dǎo)下自主學(xué)習(xí)、合作學(xué)習(xí)，較好地歸納了定語(yǔ)從句的特殊用法，并能用定語(yǔ)從句寫(xiě)文章，完成了學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)。
不足：
1、在引入部分沒(méi)有充分引導(dǎo)學(xué)生把他們描述圖片的簡(jiǎn)單句用關(guān)系詞合并為定語(yǔ)從句。
2、最后一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)用定語(yǔ)從句翻譯文章時(shí)間安排不足，應(yīng)多用二至三分鐘的時(shí)間對(duì)學(xué)生的翻譯進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步分析總結(jié)，讓學(xué)生提出更多的修改意見(jiàn)。教學(xué)機(jī)智：本節(jié)課學(xué)生在歸納特殊用法時(shí)，提出了設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容之外的規(guī)律，教師能給予肯定，并提出在下一教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)一步討論。能夠放手讓學(xué)生發(fā)表不同的意見(jiàn)，并適時(shí)進(jìn)行點(diǎn)播。
再教設(shè)計(jì)：第一環(huán)節(jié)討論圖片，把學(xué)生說(shuō)出的簡(jiǎn)單句寫(xiě)在黑板上讓學(xué)生改為復(fù)合句，使引入部分目標(biāo)更明確。最后翻譯文章留出十分鐘時(shí)間讓更多學(xué)生展示范文，師生共同提出修改意見(jiàn)。
定語(yǔ)從句的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) 8
一、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
限制性定語(yǔ)從句,顧名思義,是對(duì)先行詞從本質(zhì)或特征上進(jìn)行限制的一種定語(yǔ)從句,它所修飾的詞代表一個(gè)(些)或一類特定的人或事、物。
例如: A man who doesn’t want to learn from others can’t achieve much. 一個(gè)不向別人學(xué)習(xí)的人是不能指望有多大成就的。 A man被限定后,指一類特定的人。
限制性定語(yǔ)從句是不能去掉的,否則剩下的部分就失去意義而不能成立。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句則不然,它只對(duì)所修飾的詞作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明,去掉之后并不影響整個(gè)句子的含義。在形式上,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句之間通常必須有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。
例如: Finally we visited the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam, which is the greatest key water control project in the world at present.
最后我們參觀了長(zhǎng)江三峽大壩,它是目前世界上最大的水利樞紐工程。
本句若去掉定語(yǔ)從句,主句部分的含義仍然完整。歷年的高考題中,非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是出現(xiàn)頻率最高的考點(diǎn)之一,因此值得我們注意。
二、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的which可以指代前面的'先行詞,也可以指代前面整個(gè)句子。
例如: That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around.
彼特要娶愛(ài)麗斯這件事還沒(méi)宣布,卻已被傳得沸沸揚(yáng)揚(yáng)。
句子中的which指代“彼特要娶愛(ài)麗斯”這件事。
三、除which外,還可用when, where, who,whom等關(guān)系副詞或關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
例如: After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life. 畢業(yè)后,我決定留在重慶,在那里我度過(guò)了我的童年和四年大學(xué)生活。 Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World War II, when Jews were badly treated in Germany. 第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,愛(ài)因斯坦離開(kāi)德國(guó)去了美國(guó),那時(shí)猶太人在德國(guó)受到極大的歧視。 注意:that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
四、在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,如果先行詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞可以省略;
但引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞不能省,同時(shí)關(guān)系代詞whom不能用who替換。試比較: The American journalist (whom / who) the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters. 播音員在新聞廣播中提到的那位美國(guó)記者據(jù)說(shuō)已經(jīng)被匪徒殺害了。 He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved and respected as his own mother. 他急于想去醫(yī)院看望他的繼母,他像對(duì)親生母親一樣愛(ài)戴和尊敬她。
鞏固性練習(xí):
從A、B、C、D中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
1. She heard the terrible noise, _____ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
2. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what
3. The weather turned out to be very good,____ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it
4. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,____ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
5. The youngest nurse has worked for 30 days in the SARS hospital, ____ she spent her 19th birthday. A. that B. which C. where D. and
(答案bbbc)
定語(yǔ)從句的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) 9
1.定語(yǔ)從句：
修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語(yǔ)從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。
2.先行詞：
被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞稱為先行詞。
3.關(guān)系詞：
引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that, as等；關(guān)系副詞：where, when, why等。關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；代替先行詞；在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。
例如：Harry Potter is the most interesting novel that I have read. (that I have read是定語(yǔ)從句；novel是先行詞；that 是關(guān)系代詞，代替先行詞novel，在從句中作have read的賓語(yǔ)。)
關(guān)系詞指代人或物以及在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?/p>
關(guān)系詞指代人或物定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?/p>
關(guān)系
代詞that人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)
表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)
which物或主句內(nèi)容主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)
who人主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)
whom人賓語(yǔ)
whose人或物定語(yǔ)
as人或物或主句內(nèi)容主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)
關(guān)系
副詞when時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
where地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
why原因狀語(yǔ)
4. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式上不用逗號(hào)和主句隔開(kāi)，是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確，翻譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)，“……的……”。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，通常翻譯成主句的并列句。關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
His brother who is now a lawyer always encourages him to go to college.
他那個(gè)現(xiàn)在是律師的哥哥總是鼓勵(lì)他上大學(xué)。(他還有其他的哥哥)
His brother, who is now a lawyer, always encourages him to go to college.
他的哥哥，現(xiàn)在是律師，總是鼓勵(lì)他上大學(xué)。(他只有一個(gè)哥哥)
一、關(guān)系代詞的使用
【例句觀察】
①She is the woman (whom / that / who)I wanted to see yesterday.
她是我昨天想看的那個(gè)女的。
②The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你扛著的包裹馬上要拆開(kāi)。
③Obama won the Nobel Prize for Peace in the year 2009, which we hadnt expected.
Obama在2009年得諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)是大家都沒(méi)想到的。
④Your parents are the ones to whom you can turn when you are in trouble.
你父母是你困難時(shí)可以求助的人。
【例句分析】
①whom / that / who指人，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作wanted to see的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略。
②which / that指物，在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作are carrying的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略。
③which指前面主句內(nèi)容，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，但不能省略。
④whom前有介詞to，雖然作賓語(yǔ)，但不能省略。
【結(jié)論1】關(guān)系代詞若在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)并且前面無(wú)介詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略，其他情況不可省。
【完成例句】
(1)我，你的.好朋友，當(dāng)你陷入困境的時(shí)候會(huì)幫你的。
I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.
(2) 《哈利波特》是最受青少年歡迎的暢銷書(shū)之一。
Harry Potter is one of the best－sellers that are popular with teenagers.
《哈利波特》是唯一一本讓作者成為億萬(wàn)富翁的暢銷書(shū)。Harry Potter is the only one of the best－sellers that makes the author a billionaire.
(3)他通過(guò)了考試，這使我們很驚訝。
He has passed the exam, which makes us surprised.
眾所周知，中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.
(4)每家有臺(tái)電視,30年前我們認(rèn)為是不可能的，現(xiàn)在實(shí)現(xiàn)了。
To own a TV set in each family, which we think was impossible 30 years ago, now has become true.
【結(jié)論2】定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致問(wèn)題
(1)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
(2) one of ＋ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋ 關(guān)系代詞＋ 復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞；而the only one of ＋ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋ 關(guān)系代詞＋ 單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。
(3)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，由關(guān)系代詞as或which代替整個(gè)主句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。
(4)關(guān)系代詞和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)要看關(guān)系代詞的指代。
【完成例句】
(5)所有能做的都做了。
All that can be done has been done.
(6)這就是我想要買的電影。
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.
(7)他們?cè)趥惗貐⒂^的第一個(gè)地方是大本鐘。
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
(8)站在那兒的是誰(shuí)？
Who is the man that is standing there?
(9) They have set up a company, which deals with the things that are related to environment protection.
他們創(chuàng)立了一家環(huán)保公司。
(10)杭州不再是過(guò)去的杭州了。
Hangzhou is no more the city that it used to be.
【結(jié)論3】指物時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用that的情況：
①當(dāng)先行詞為everything, anything, nothing, the one, none, all, much, few, any, little等不定代詞時(shí)，只用that。
②當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very, all, much, few, any, little, no修飾時(shí)，只用that。
③當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或者先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只用that。先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，只用that。
④當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞who或which時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)要用that。
⑤有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which，另一個(gè)宜用that。
⑥當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)，而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，只用that。
【完成例句】
(11)那棵四百年的老樹(shù)很有名。
The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
(12)我們自給自足。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
(13)這本書(shū)是關(guān)于我們要去參觀的那座有名的建筑嗎？
Is this the book that refers to the famous building which we will go to visit?
【結(jié)論4】只能用 which的情況：
①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能用which。
②介詞后只用which，且不能省略。
③有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用that，另一個(gè)宜用which。
【完成例句】
(14)有人愿意幫助受傷的人嗎？
Is there anyone who is ready to help the injured person?
(15)這就是那位幫助在事故中受傷的人的醫(yī)生嗎？
Is this the doctor that helped the people who were injured in the accident?
【結(jié)論5】指人時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用who的情況：
①當(dāng)先行詞是anyone, those時(shí)，只用who。
②有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句皆指人時(shí)，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用that，另一個(gè)宜用who。
【完成例句】
(16)那個(gè)門(mén)破了的教室在二樓。
The classroom whose door / the door of which / of which the door is broken is on the second floor. 【結(jié)論6】whose可以指代人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)， 后跟名詞。指物時(shí)，whose ＋ 名詞＝ of which ＋名詞 ＝ 名詞＋ of which。
【完成例句】
(17)我們都知道，吸煙有害健康。
① As we all know, smoking is harmful to ones health.
太陽(yáng)照射地球，這對(duì)我們是很重要的。
②The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
(18)①她和她妹妹穿一樣的衣服。
She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.
②這不是我們想到的那所房子。
This house is not such as I expect.
(19)就像我們指出的那樣，這種物質(zhì)是有毒的。
As was pointed out, this kind of substance is poisonous.
【結(jié)論7】關(guān)系代詞as和which
在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，as和which可代替整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。二者的區(qū)別主要在于：
①as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可以在主句前，也可以在主句后，有時(shí)還可以在插入句中，常帶有“正如……，正像……”的意思。而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后，翻譯成“這”。
②as常用于以下固定搭配中：the same＋名詞＋as “和……同樣的”，such＋名詞＋as“像……一樣的，像……之類的”，…such as…“這樣的人 / 物”。(such為代詞，作先行詞； as在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
③在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中，一般也用as:
as (it)appears, as (it)seems, as (it)often happens, as (it)was pointed out / said / reported / announced, as (it)was said earlier, as I remember (it), as is well－known, as is known to all, as anybody can see等。
【完成例句】
(20)這就是我一直在找的書(shū)。
This is the book which / that / 不填I(lǐng) am looking for.
(21)他深愛(ài)對(duì)他慈愛(ài)的父母。
He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
＝He loved his parents deeply, of whom both are very kind to him.
(22)我沒(méi)有足夠的錢去買那條昂貴的裙子。
I dont have enough money with which to buy such an expensive dress.
(23)從1998年到2004年Mike在這所大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，在此期間，他學(xué)習(xí)很努力并當(dāng)選為學(xué)生會(huì)主席。
Mike studied at the university from 1998 to 2004, during which time he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students Union.
【結(jié)論8】“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom，指物時(shí)用which。
①某些帶有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，介詞可以提至關(guān)系代詞之前，但是在一些固定搭配的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中，由于動(dòng)詞和介詞不可以分割，因此不能將介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前，如take care of, look for, look after, care for等。
②“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞，有時(shí)數(shù)詞或代詞也可以放在“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”之后。
③介詞＋which / whom＋to do結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以改為：介詞＋which / whom＋定語(yǔ)從句。
④在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，which可作定語(yǔ)，指先行詞(短語(yǔ)或句子)所表示的信息，形成“介詞＋which ＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于and in / at / during this / that＋名詞。
二、關(guān)系副詞的使用
【完成例句】
(24)我仍然記得我們第一次上學(xué)的那天。
I still remember the day when / on which we first came to the school.
(25)十年前我住的房子已經(jīng)被推倒了。
The house where / in which I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
(26)我不知道他今天看起來(lái)不高興的原因。
I dont know the reason why / for which he looks unhappy today.
【結(jié)論1】關(guān)系副詞的分類和作用
①when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；when＝表示時(shí)間的介詞(in / at / on / during…)＋which。
②where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，where＝表示地點(diǎn)的介詞(in / at / on / under…)＋which。
③why指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)， why＝表示原因的介詞(for)＋which。
【翻譯句子】
(27)他回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題的方式是令人驚訝的。
The way in which / that / 不填he answered the question was surprising.
(28) The way which / that he explained to us was quite simple.
【結(jié)論2】在以the way為先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句中，若the way 在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，則通常由in which或that引導(dǎo)，而且通常可以省略。若the way 在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，則通常由which或that引導(dǎo)。
【完成例句】
(29)中國(guó)是風(fēng)箏的起源地，并從那里傳播到日本、韓國(guó)、泰國(guó)和印度。
China is the birth place of kites, from where kites spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
【結(jié)論3】有時(shí)為了表達(dá)更清楚，可以在關(guān)系副詞where / when前加上介詞to, from等。
【疑難】
There is one point that we must insist on.
有一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)我們必須堅(jiān)持。(定語(yǔ)從句可還原為：we must insist on the point，所以先行詞point在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，故用that / which或省略。)
Were just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.
我們正努力做到能讓雙方坐下來(lái)對(duì)話。 (定語(yǔ)從句可還原為：at the point both sides will sit down together and talk, 故先行詞point在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，所以關(guān)系詞用where / at which。)
【疑難剖析】一些特殊的先行詞如situation, point, case, activity，scene及period, festival, occasion等要注意具體情況具體分析，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)用that / which，作狀語(yǔ)用where / when / 介詞＋which。
三、關(guān)系代 / 副詞的選擇技巧
【完成例句】
(30)我會(huì)記住我們一起度過(guò)的日子。
I will remember the days that / which / 省略 we spent together.
(根據(jù)把定語(yǔ)從句還原成we spent the days together，判斷出the days作spent的賓語(yǔ))
(31) 6月7日是我們開(kāi)始高考的日子。
June 7 is the day when / on which we begin to take the college entrance examination.
(根據(jù)把定語(yǔ)從句還原成we begin to take the college entrance examination on the day，判斷出on the day作狀語(yǔ)。)
(32 )這是他工作過(guò)10年的地方。
This is the place where / in which he worked for ten years.
(根據(jù)把定語(yǔ)從句還原成he worked in the place for ten years，判斷出in the place作狀語(yǔ)。)
【結(jié)論】
①用還原法：將先行詞放入定語(yǔ)從句中，找到它的原有位置，判斷它做什么成分以及判斷先行詞指人還是指物。
②一般說(shuō)來(lái)，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞；作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞或介詞＋which；作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，用whose。
四、定語(yǔ)從句和其他句型之間的關(guān)系
【例句觀察】
He is such a good boy that everyone likes him. (不缺句子成分，that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)
他是如此好的一位男孩以至于大家都喜歡他。
He is such a good boy as everyone likes. (likes缺賓語(yǔ)，用as充當(dāng)并引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)
他是一個(gè)大家都喜歡的男孩。
The great white shark is so fierce a fish as eats most of the others. (as充當(dāng)eats的主語(yǔ)，并引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)
大白鯊是大多數(shù)魚(yú)都吃的一種兇狠的魚(yú)。
【結(jié)論】區(qū)別such / so…as…引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和such / so…that…引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句判斷用that還是as, 只要看從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整即可。如果從句缺了主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)就是定語(yǔ)從句；如果從句的結(jié)構(gòu)完整，就是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。
【疑難1】區(qū)別非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與并列句
— He wrote a lot of novels, none of ______ were popular.
— Its the same with his wife. She wrote some plays, but none of ______ was a success.
A. these; them B. which; which
C. those; which D. which; them
【疑難剖析1】此題應(yīng)選 D。很容易誤選A、B。選對(duì)該題的關(guān)鍵是：要注意前面一句的 none of…沒(méi)有并列連詞(說(shuō)明它才是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，所以其后填which)，而后面一句的none of…前有一并列連詞but (說(shuō)明它與前面一句構(gòu)成并列句，所以其后填them)。
【疑難2】區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句與名詞性從句
①As is known to all, the moon travels around the earth.
②It is known to all that the moon travels around the earth.
③That the moon travels around the earth is known to all.
④What is known to all is that the moon travels around the earth.
【疑難剖析2】
①as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；
②it作形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句；
③that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句；
④what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句， that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。
【疑難3】區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句
①When you read the book, youd better make a mark in the place where you have any questions.
②When you read the book, youd better make a mark where you have any questions.
③Please put the book in the place where you got it.
④Please put the book where you got it.
【疑難剖析3】①定語(yǔ)從句修飾place; ②地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句；③定語(yǔ)從句修飾place；④地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。
【疑難4】區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句、狀語(yǔ)從句
①It was this small village (that / which) we got to know each other.
②It was in this small village that we got to know each other.
③It was 1914 when the war broke out.
④It was in 1914 that the war broke out.
⑤It was 1914, when the war broke out.
【疑難剖析4】①定語(yǔ)從句；②強(qiáng)調(diào)句；③時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；④強(qiáng)調(diào)句；⑤非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
【疑難5】定語(yǔ)從句中含有插入語(yǔ)
①He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of great importance to science.
②The Chinese government has decided to develop the west of China, which, I dare say, will benefit the people there, especially those who are still leading a poor life.
【疑難剖析5】①I think作插入語(yǔ)；②I dare say作插入語(yǔ)。
定語(yǔ)從句的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) 10
Ⅰ. 定義
定語(yǔ)從句，起形容詞的作用，在句中常用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞稱為先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞稱為關(guān)系詞, 關(guān)系詞的作用一是放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中間起引導(dǎo)作用;二是在意義上代替先行詞,并在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。其中關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that, as;關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why。
eg. She is the girl who sings best of all.
The pen which my uncle gave me is missing.
He lives in a house whose windows face south.
The factory where my father works is in the east of the city.
Perhaps the day will come when people will be able to breathe clean air in cities.
Ⅱ. 關(guān)系代詞
1. 先行詞是人，作主語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞用who, that
eg. He is a man( ) never leaves today’s work till tomorrow.
The boy ( ) is standing there is my cousin.
2. 先行詞是人，作賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞用 whom, who, that,
eg. Here is the man ( ) you’ve been expecting to meet.
The man ( ) you met yesterday is Mr. Smith.
3. 先行詞是物，作主語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞用which, that
eg . The train ( ) has just left is for Guangzhou.
Children like to read books ( ) have wonderful pictures.
4. 先行詞是物，作賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞用which, that,或省略
eg. The book ( ) you borrowed yesterday is really interesting.
The pen ( ) my uncle gave me is missing.
5. 先行詞是人、物，作定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞用whose
eg. He is the professor ( ) name was Jackson.
China, ( ) population is the largest in the world, is developing very fast.
Ⅲ. 關(guān)系副詞
1. 先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞，在定從中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞用when
eg. I can’t remember the date ( ) he went abroad.
I’ll never forget the day ( ) I joined the army.
2. 先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的'名詞，在定從中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞用where; 其中注意表示抽象概念的地點(diǎn)名詞，如，situation、stage、degree、point等表示方面或程度時(shí)，也需用where
eg. This is the village ( ) Uncle Wang once lived.
They have reached the point ( ) they have to separate with each other.
He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ( ) he is likely to lose control over the plane.
3. 先行詞是reason，在定從中作原因狀語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞用why
eg. I don’t know the reason ( ) he was late.
None of us know the reason ( ) Tom was absent from the meeting.
4.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞也可以用“適當(dāng)介詞 + which”來(lái)代替。
eg. October 1, 1949 was the day when ( = ) the People’s Republic of China was founded.
This is the factory where(= ) we worked a year ago.
I don’t believe the reason why (= ) he was late for school.
Ⅳ. 關(guān)系代詞that & which的區(qū)別:
⒈ 只用that的情況
① 先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代詞時(shí)。
eg. There is nothing ( ) can prevent him from doing it.
② 先行詞被any, only, few, no, very, little 等修飾時(shí)。
eg. This is the very book ( ) I’m looking for.
③ 先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。
eg. The first place ( ) they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
This is the best film ( ) I have ever seen.
④ 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。
eg. He talked about things and persons ( ) they remembered in the school.
⑤ 先行詞被the only, the very修飾時(shí)。
eg. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner ( ) he knows.
⑥ 句中已有who或which,為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)。
eg. Who is the man ( ) is standing beside Tom?
⒉ 不能用 that的情況：
① 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句;
eg. He had failed in the maths exam , ( ) made his father very angry.
② 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞。
eg. This is the room in( ) my father lived last year.
Ⅴ. as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的用法(as 相當(dāng)于that & which)
① as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常用于the same … as, such … as結(jié)構(gòu)中。
eg. This is the same book ( ) I lent you.
Such machines ( ) are used in our workshop are made in China.
② as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，位置靈活，用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。
eg. ( ) I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.
Taiwan, ( ) we all know, belongs to China.
Ⅵ. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的主要區(qū)別:
限制性定語(yǔ)從句: 一般緊跟在先行詞后面,不用逗號(hào)把從句與先行詞分隔開(kāi)來(lái)。使先行詞的意思十分明確,成為特定的人或物,是句子中不可缺少的成分,少了它句子就會(huì)失去意義不能成立,或意思不清楚,不能說(shuō)明問(wèn)題。通常譯為定語(yǔ)。
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句: 通常由逗號(hào)與句子其他成分隔開(kāi)。只是對(duì)先行詞作進(jìn)一步的說(shuō)明,沒(méi)有它句子仍能成立,意思仍很清楚。通常譯為并列的句子。
eg. I was the only person in our office ( ) was invited.(去掉定語(yǔ)從句，意思就不完整)
Tom’s father, ( ) is over sixty, still works hard day and night.(整個(gè)句子可分成兩句來(lái)翻譯)
Ⅶ. 分隔定語(yǔ)從句
即先行詞與關(guān)系代詞、副詞之間被介詞短語(yǔ)，同位語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)等分隔開(kāi)來(lái)。
此種定語(yǔ)從句，在選擇關(guān)系詞時(shí)，要注意找準(zhǔn)先行詞。
eg. There is an expression in his eyes ( )I can’t understand.
I was the only person in my office ( ) was invited to the important ball.
I suggest you choose someone I think ( ) is very kind and friendly.
選擇填空：
1. It was April 29,2011 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A. that B. when C. since D. before
2.)Gutter oil is illegally recycled cooking oil, contains chemicals that are harmful to the human body and can even cause cancer.
A. it B. which C. where D. that
3. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, the audience can buy ice-cream.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
4. The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other.
A. they B. where C. what D. that
5. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, it will keep for two or three weeks.
A. when B. which C. where D. while
6. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ------- uses it somewhat differently.
A. which B. what C. them D. those
7. A bank is the place they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A. when B. that C. where D. there
8. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ------ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. which B. where C. what D. who
9 Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ------ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
A. this B. that C. what D. which
10. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ------ had taken more than three years.
A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which
11. The school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
A. which B. whose C. when D. where
12.He was so pleased with all we had done for him he wrote us a letter to praise for it.
A. what; what B. what; that C. that; what D. that; that
13.The moon travels round the earth once every month, is known to everybody.
A. it B. as C. that D. what
14. is often the case with elder people, my grandma, talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop.
A. That B. Which C. As D. It
15.After graduating from high school, you will reach a point in your life ------- you need to decide what to do.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
16.The novel was completed in 1978, the economic system has seen great changes.
A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when
17.Books bring us into the presence of the greatest minds have ever lived.
A. which B. who C.不填 D. that
18.The world is made up of matter.
A. in that we live B. on which we live
C. where we live in D. we live in
19.David is such a good boy all the teachers like.
A. that B. who C. as D. whom
20.Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
21.He was very angry and I can still remember the way he spoke to me.
A. how B. that C. what D. which
22.That’s the new machine parts are too small to be seen.
A. that B. which C. whose D. what
23.I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ------- I met in the English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where C. when D. which
定語(yǔ)從句的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì) 11
教學(xué)目標(biāo)
本節(jié)課主要讓學(xué)生明確不同類型的定語(yǔ)從句,并正確運(yùn)用
教學(xué)重點(diǎn)
1. 明確限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句用法的差異
2. 限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句先行詞的區(qū)別
教學(xué)難點(diǎn)
如何正確運(yùn)用定語(yǔ)從句
教學(xué)過(guò)程
一、課程導(dǎo)入
本單元我們將在原有知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上學(xué)習(xí)新的單詞和詞組，擴(kuò)大詞匯量和知識(shí)面，進(jìn)一步提高英語(yǔ)水平。英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)需要從“聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)”各個(gè)方面著手，提高整體運(yùn)用能力。
二、復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)
復(fù)習(xí)之前所學(xué)的定語(yǔ)從句，并寫(xiě)出限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，試著讓學(xué)生分析從句類型。
本節(jié)課主要對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句常考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)。
三、知識(shí)講解
知識(shí)點(diǎn) 1 限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1
【考查點(diǎn)】非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：是對(duì)所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，通常是引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句作用是說(shuō)明前面整個(gè)句子的情況或主句的某一部分
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.
2. 當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞、物主代詞或指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
3. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞,對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾,這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.
4. 有時(shí)as也可用作關(guān)系代詞
5. 在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能用關(guān)系副詞why和關(guān)系代詞that，而用who, whom代表人，用which,whose代表事物，如果需要用why，可用for which代替
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】正確區(qū)分限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2
【考查點(diǎn)】關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】選取正確的介詞
考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3
【考查點(diǎn)】 由as, which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，有“正如……，正像……”的意思.which在句中,譯為這。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one"s health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】正確運(yùn)用as和which
知識(shí)點(diǎn) 2 介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法
考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1
【考查點(diǎn)】介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的.定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)： 從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)
當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前面時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用which/whom即“介詞+which/whom"且不能省略。但當(dāng)介詞位于末尾時(shí)可用that/which/who/whom.作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，且可以省略。
The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. "that/which"可以省略
= The school in which he once studied is very famous. "which”不可省略
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】注意介詞的位置
考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2
【考查點(diǎn)】介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句要注意：
1. 含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一般不拆開(kāi)使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
T This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T＝正確)
F This is the watch for which I am looking. (F＝錯(cuò)誤)
2. 若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時(shí)用which，不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose
The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)
The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)
3. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞、數(shù)詞或者名詞。
He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】正確運(yùn)用介詞+關(guān)系代詞
知識(shí)點(diǎn) 3 判斷介詞和關(guān)系代詞
考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1
【考查點(diǎn)】用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系副詞或者是介詞加關(guān)系代詞；而及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)，則要求用關(guān)系代詞。
（錯(cuò)）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（對(duì)）This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】正確辨別謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
知識(shí)點(diǎn) 4 特定情況
考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1
【考查點(diǎn)】先行詞表示“情形、情況、場(chǎng)合、火候”這類的名詞condition, situation, case, circumstance, state, scene, extent, point等等。
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】正確辨別謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2
【考查點(diǎn)】the way做先行詞時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞用:that/in which/ /
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】正確運(yùn)用引導(dǎo)詞
知識(shí)點(diǎn) 5 定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1
【考查點(diǎn)】
1. 定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的關(guān)系
(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London.定語(yǔ)從句
(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear.同位語(yǔ)從句
2. 定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在句中充當(dāng)成分，有時(shí)可以省略；同位語(yǔ)從句主要由that引導(dǎo)，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等詞引導(dǎo)，充當(dāng)成分
(1) The news he told me is true.
(2) The news that he has just died is true.
3. 同位語(yǔ)從句和先行詞一般可以用be動(dòng)詞發(fā)展成一個(gè)完整的句子，而定語(yǔ)從句不可以發(fā)展成一個(gè)完整的句子，(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.同位語(yǔ)
(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】注意引導(dǎo)詞在句中的成分
知識(shí)點(diǎn) 6 定語(yǔ)從句和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1
【考查點(diǎn)】定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞在從句中還要做某種成分，因而從句成分不完整；而結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞不作句子任何成分，因此句子成分完整。如：
It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我們大家都喜歡的如此有趣的書(shū)。(定語(yǔ)從句)
It is such an interesting book that we all like it. 它是一本如此有趣的書(shū)，我么大家都喜歡它。
(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)
【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】正確區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
四、例題精析
【例題1】
Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
【答案】C
【解析】此為非限定性從句，不能用that修飾，而用which.，it和he都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。
況且選he句意不通。
【例題2】
This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen.
A. when B. where C. that D. on which
【答案】B
【解析】因?yàn)樵诖祟}中where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，表示“在這種種況下”，與in which相當(dāng)。
【例題3】
Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
【答案】D
【解析】is后應(yīng)跟表語(yǔ)，只有the one可以，而后面的you visited a few days ago則做one的定語(yǔ)從句
【例題4】
The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
【答案】A
【解析】with which是"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"結(jié)構(gòu),常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.with有"用"的意思,介詞之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ),即he is writing with a pen.。
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