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定語從句什么時候用as
一般說來,as與which的語義功能相同,可以相互替換.但先行成分為句子時,它們的語義功能則有差異.下面是小編給大家整理的定語從句什么時候用as的相關內容,希望能給你帶來幫助!
定語從句什么時候用as
1.the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一種固定結構,和……一樣…….
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2.as可引導非限制性從句,常帶有正如.
As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.
As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health.
As是關系代詞.例1中的as作know的賓語;
例2中,它充當從句的主語,謂語動詞know要用被動式.
一、“as / which” 特殊定語從句的先行成分
1.形容詞或形容詞短語作先行成分,具有形容詞意義的介詞短語也可以充當先行成分,如:
My grandmother’s house was always of great importance to me,as my own is.
在一定的語言環境里,有些名詞可以具有形容詞的性質.這些名詞主要是那些表示人的身份、職業、狀態的名詞.值得一提的是,在這些具有形容詞性質的名詞之后,引導定語從句的關系代詞不能用who / whom.
2.動詞短語先行成分.
這種動詞短語既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式.如果是動態動詞短語,它們在從句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代動詞do和as / which一起代替.do可以出現,也可以不出現,但不能用其它動詞代替.
3.句子作先行成分.
這句子可以是整個主句也可以只是主句中的一個從句.有時是連續幾個句子,有時甚至可以是一個完整的故事.
二、“as/which”特殊定語從句在句中的位置
由于先行成分的構成成分不同,“as/which”特殊定語從句在句中的位置有以下幾種情況:
1.形容詞做先行成分時:形容詞或形容詞短語(含具有形容詞性質的名詞)作先行成分,“as / which”特殊定語從句置于先行成分之后.
2.動詞短語作先行成分時:動詞短語作先行成分時,“as / which”特殊定語從句置于先行成分之后.但是,當從句中含有表示主觀意志的插入成分時,“as”特殊定語從句可以移至句子之首.
3.句子作先行成分時:“as”特殊定語從句的位置較靈活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后.但如果先行成分是直接引語,“as”特殊定語從句多在先行成分之前.如果先行成分是否定句,“as”特殊定語從句與否定詞的相對位置不同可以使它產生不同的意義.由于“as”特殊定語從句具有這一特點,所以有時它的位置不能隨便移動.在非正式的文體里,“which”特殊定語從句可以出現在先行成分之中.
三、“as/which”特殊定語從句的語義功能
一般說來,as與which的語義功能相同,可以相互替換.但先行成分為句子時,它們的語義功能則有差異.
1.表示結果
表示結果的特殊定語從句與其先行成分之間存在著一定的因果關系,從句中往往使用有結果意義的詞,如動詞result,make,enable,cause和形容詞interesting,surprising,delightful,disgraceful等.
2.表示評注
表示評注的特殊定語從句對其先行成分所述事實的正確性有肯定的傾向,它通常與那些表示客觀事實,普遍真理或某種習性的先行成分連用;從句中則常用一些表示“合乎自然規律”、“眾所周知”或“經常發生”等意義的詞語,如natural,known to all,usual等.
3.有無狀語意義
“as”特殊定語從句具有狀語意義(主要是方式狀語意義),而“which”特殊定語從句則無狀語意義.“as”特殊定語從句的狀語意義要求它在語義上與其先行成分的語義保持一致,“which”特殊定語從句則不受這種限制.
四、關系代詞as與which的句法-功能
1.as / which 在特殊定語從句中作主語.
as作主語時,謂語動詞常為連系動詞(主要是be,seem),主語補語為usual、 a rule、 a matter of fact等時,系動詞be習慣經常省略.行為動詞作“as”特殊定語從句的謂語時一般用于被動語態(其中助動詞be常略),不及物的行為動詞在“as”特殊定語從句中作謂語的極少,常見的有happen一詞.如:
Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.
Which作主語時,謂語動詞不限,主語被動皆可,只是謂語動詞為被動語態時助動詞be省略.
2.as和which都可以在特殊定語從句中賓語.
3.as和 which在特殊定語從句中作補語.如:
We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.
“as”特殊定語從句中可以主謂倒裝,“which”從句中則不能主謂倒裝.
如果先行成分不是主語補語或賓語補語,關系代詞用which而不用as.如:
He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.
4.which在特殊從定語句中作定語.
which可以在特殊定語從句中作定語,修飾fact, matter, thing 等名詞.這些名詞代表先行成分表達的意義,有時將其略去句義仍然完整.as不能作定語.如:
I was told to go not by train but bus,which advice I followed.
定語從句as的用法
一、用作連詞的as
1. 引導時間狀語從句,表示“當……的時候”,其用法與when和while類似。例如:As a child (When he was a child), she was sent to six different schools.此用法中as多表示從句與主句動作同時進行,意為“一邊……一邊……”,一般不與狀態動詞連用。例如:She sang songs as she did her homework.
as 還可以表示一動作緊接著另一動作發生,說明另一動作的結果,有“隨著……”的含義。例如:As time went by, we found he was an honest man./As he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening.
例1 It wasn’t until nearly a month later________ I received the manager’s reply.
A. since B. when C. as D. that
解析:本題的as中與when一起作為干擾項,容易使考生往時間狀語從句上思考,事實上本題是強調句,正確選項是D。
2. 引導原因狀語從句,表示“由于,因為”,相當于because, 但通常置于句首。例如: As he is a qualified doctor, I trust his advice on medical matters.
例2 _____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.
A. While B. Since C. As D. If
解析:本題中as干擾性很強,很多考生誤以為是原因狀語從句,但仔細分析不難發現正確答案應是A(while表示“只要”)。
3. 引導讓步狀語從句,通?膳calthough或though通用,但語序不同,although或though用于句首,as用于倒裝結構。例如:Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow. /Although(或Though)I am young, I already know what career I want to follow. as 表示讓步用于倒裝結構,通常將從句的表語、狀語或動詞前置。如果表語有冠詞a/an, 需去掉。例如:Great scholar as he is, he is lackingin common sense./Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 例3 _____ he has limited technical knowledge, the older worker has a lot of experience.
A. SinceB. Unless C. As D. Although
解析:as 雖然有引導讓步狀語從句用法,但本題不是倒裝結構,故正確答案應是D。
4. 引導方式狀語從句,表示“如,像”。例如:When in Rome, do as Romans do./Do to others as you would have others do to you.
例4 We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite ________ as planned.
A. make outB. turn out C. go onD. come up
解析:本題考查動詞詞組辨析,題干中的“as planned”給同學們提供了重要信息,答案選B。
5. 固定句型:“主句,as +be/do+主語”表示“也一樣”。例如:She’s unusually tall, as are both her parents./He’s a doctor, as was his wife before she had children.
二、用作介詞的as
1.表示“如,像”。例如:They got united as one man./She spoke of me as her dearest friend.
2.表示“作為、當作”。例如:As a League member, you should think more of others.
3.與某些動詞搭配,表示“把……當作……”,如:look on…as…, regard…as…, treat…as…, consider…as…, think of…as…, see…as…等。其中consider…as…中的as可以省略。as與famous或known搭配,表示“作為……而出名”。
例5 Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.
A. knowingB. known C. being knownD. to be known
解析:如果熟悉be known as這一短語,運用有關非謂語動詞的常識,可選出正確答案B。
三、用作關系代詞的as
1. 引導限制性定語從句,先行詞前通常有as, so, such, same等修飾語。例如:He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find./My hometown is no longer the same as it used to be./As many people as are present will be given a present.在此種用法中,同學們要注意與結果狀語從句的區別。比如:A: The teacher asked us such a difficult question that none of us could answer it. B: The teacher asked us such a difficult question as none of us could answer.A句為結果狀語從句,而B句則是定語從句。
2. 引導非限制性定語從句,用來指代整個主句(即先行句),表示“這一事實,那一情況”。從句可以位于句首、句中或句末。例如:We stand when the national anthem is played, as is the custom.
例6 ______ I explained on the telephone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A. When B. After C. As D. Since
解析:根據句意,選項C是正確答案。as表現的正是本點所講用法。
四、用作副詞的as
修飾形容詞或副詞,表示程度,意為“同樣地”。例如:He swims fast, but I swim just as fast. 但它通常構成表示比較的結構“asas”,“not asas”。此結構中第一個as是副詞,第二個as是連詞。否定結構中的副詞as可以由so代替。asas possible /one can也屬于此用法。例如:It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
五、用在習語中的as
由as構成的習語很多,常見的有:as soon as “一就”,引導時間狀語從句;as/so long as “只要”引導條件狀語從句;as if/though “好像,仿佛”,引導方式狀語從句或表語從句;as to/ as for “至于,就而言”;as much/many as“多達”;as/so far as “就的限度”;as a result,as a result of “(由于的)結果”;as a matter of fact“事實上”;as well “也、還”;A as well as B“不但A而且B”;as it is“照現狀看,看樣子”,等等。這些習語在高考中可能經常遇到,在高考題中有的作為正確選項,有的作為干擾項,有的出現在題干,值得同學們認真掌握。例如:
例9 I would like a job which pays more, but ______ I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment.
A. in other wordsB. on the other hand C. for one thing D. as a matter of fact 解析:選項D極具干擾意義,但進一步研讀會發現本題中的兩個分句表達了一件事的兩個對立面,故選B。
例10 ——People should stop using their cars and start using public transport. ——______. The roads are too crowded as it is.
A. All right B. Exactly C. Go aheadD. Fine
解析:本題選項中雖沒有as內容,但題干中的as it is卻是解題的關鍵信息,正確選項為B。
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