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定語從句翻譯句子練習(xí)
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。下面小編為大家分享定語從句翻譯句子練習(xí)，歡迎大家參考借鑒。
定語從句：當(dāng)修飾名詞的成分是一個(gè)句子，此句叫定語從句。
翻譯下列句子:
1. 這是我昨天買的自行車. .
2. 他是我昨天遇見的男孩.
3. 你昨天給我買的書很有趣.
4. 這是我想要的鋼筆.
5. 那是他正在照顧的小孩.
6. 正站在柜臺(tái)后的女士是我媽媽.
7. 在桌子上的書是我的.
8. 這是我們買玩具的商店.
9. 這是幫助過我的男人.
10. 他是買這本書的男士.
將下列句子合二為一:
1. She is the girl. I served her yesterday.
2. This is the dress. She bought it last Monday.
3. She is in the woman. She looked for his son.
4. They are the man. They are working for the boss.
5. This is the computer. The computer cost me 5000 Yuan.
6. This is the house. I visited it last month.
7. He is the man. I spoke to you about him.
8. She is the student. I told you about her.
9. This is the ship. I traveled on it last year.
10. They are the people. They played in the garden.
單項(xiàng)選擇 定語從句的用法
1.This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.
A. that B. who C. whom D. this
2. The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.
A. who B. which C. who D. /
6. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.
A. which B. that C. / D. it
7. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.
A. which B. in which C. that D. all
8. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.
A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who
9. Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. this
10. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year.
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
11. This is the only article of these that _____ written by him.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
12. The man _____ was here just now is a doctor.
A. whom B. who C. / D. he
13. The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.
A. who live next door B. which lives next door
C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door
14. Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands.
A. which B. whom C. that D. who
15. Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been _____.
A. /, to B. that, / C. where, to D. which, there
16. He is the most careful boy _____ I know.
A. what B. which C. as D. ./
17. This is the school _____ Mr. Smith once taught.
A. in that B. when C. where D. there
18. Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born?
A. where B. in that C. that D. which
翻譯下列句子：
1. 正在跑步的男孩是我的好朋友。
2. 他是我們正在尋找的男孩。
3. 昨天給我們上課的婦女是他的姑姑。
4. 她是我們昨天幫助的女孩。
5. 正在打掃校車的女孩是我們的班長。
6. 他是我所見到最高的學(xué)生。
7. 這是我去年買的手表。
8. 他是剛才唱歌的男孩。
9. 正在游泳的女孩是我們的同學(xué)。
10. 他是在醫(yī)院里幫助過我的醫(yī)生。
定語從句主要采用以下幾種類型及其翻譯：
1.一般型
這種結(jié)構(gòu)是最普遍的，即使用定語從句來修飾要修飾的先行詞。
在中文中，一般地說，要使用定語修飾一個(gè)對象，無論是單獨(dú)使用幾個(gè)修飾詞，還是連續(xù)使用幾個(gè)是修飾詞，通常都放在所修飾詞的前面。在英語中，單詞作定語時(shí)，一般放在所修飾的先行詞之前，而詞組，短語和從句作定語時(shí)，則放在所修飾的先行詞之后。如果漢語的兩個(gè)句子具有相同的關(guān)鍵詞，這是我們可以使用定語從句來翻譯其中的一個(gè)句子。
例如：Yesterday he bought an English dictionary which is help to improve his English.
譯文: 昨天他買了一本英語字典，這本英語字典對于提高他的英語水平很有幫助。
全句的賓語是"英語字典"，英語里修飾 an English dictionary的成分在其后面，這是英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣所規(guī)定的。但是轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語時(shí)，就必須把定語修飾成分提前到中心詞"英語字典"之前。
2.there be結(jié)構(gòu)/it be +主語+定語從句
有些漢語句子可以使用there be/it be +主語+定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯，漢語中的謂語部分在英語中要變成從句的形式。定語從句的謂語在形式上其實(shí)也是整個(gè)主句的謂語，因此在英譯漢時(shí)可將其譯為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的簡單句。
例如：There are many college students who dropped out of school because of poverty.
譯文：現(xiàn)在很多大學(xué)生因?yàn)樨毨Фz學(xué)。
全句的謂語是"輟學(xué)"，如果沒有要求，要表達(dá)譯文的意思，完全可以使用Many students dropped out of school because of poverty.當(dāng)然也可以使用現(xiàn)代分詞dropping out of school because of poverty修飾students。再者就考慮使用定語從句來修飾students。
3.帶介詞的定語從句
當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+介詞”的短語結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)在定語從句中，介詞常和從句的引導(dǎo)詞一起引導(dǎo)定語從句，此時(shí)的引導(dǎo)詞只能使用which和whom。根據(jù)邏輯的需要，在翻譯前，我們首先應(yīng)該弄清關(guān)系詞所指代的內(nèi)容，進(jìn)而按照先行詞的詞義來進(jìn)行翻譯。
The boy to whom I just spoke is my brother.
譯文：我剛才和他談話的那個(gè)男孩是我弟弟。
正常語序?yàn)镮 spoke to a boy，the boy is my brother。先行詞為the boy，spoke to 為謂語，因此采用spoke to whom 進(jìn)行翻譯。
定語從句的翻譯技巧：
簡單定語從句的翻譯技巧：
所謂簡單的定語從句，是指一個(gè)句子只含一個(gè)定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)。這類定語從句，不論是限制性的還是非限制笥的，在結(jié)構(gòu)上與先行詞的關(guān)系比較簡單，翻譯時(shí)多譯成定語，也可譯成并列句、狀語從句或獨(dú)立句等；這種定語從句還可譯成句子成分，即和先行詞放在一起翻譯，它有如下幾種情況：
1．譯成主句把先行詞譯成定語，而把定語從句譯成主句：
In the northern Balkans where the Bulgars were a constant threat to the empire, Basil Ii won such a crushing victory in 1014 that he was known thereafter as Bulgaroktouns, or the Bulgar-Slayer.
巴爾干半島北部的保加利亞人，一直是帝國的威脅，1014年，巴西耳二世在巴爾干半島北部取得決定性勝利，從此被稱為屠殺保加利亞人的劊子手。
2． 譯成謂語 把先行詞或主句譯成主語，把定語從句譯成謂語或動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)：
In the East the Persians, who had been bribed into peace during Justinians reign, now set out under their ambitious king of kings, Chosroes II, to eliminate altogether the East Roman Empire.
在東部，查士丁尼統(tǒng)治時(shí)期，波斯人因xx曾與拜占廷媾和；現(xiàn)在，他們在野心勃勃的大皇帝科斯羅埃斯二世的率領(lǐng)下，開始全面消滅東羅馬帝國。（謂語）
復(fù)雜定語從句的翻譯技巧
一主二仆式定語從句是指一個(gè)先行詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上定語從句的情況。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的定語從句比較規(guī)范，均修飾一個(gè)先行詞，在翻譯時(shí)，雖然也遵循一般定語從句的翻譯技巧和方法，但還有其獨(dú)特的地方。歸納起來，有如下幾種情況：
1）譯成定語 可以把兩個(gè)定語從句譯成并列的定語，也可譯成分開的定語修飾先地詞，或分別修飾重復(fù)的先行詞。
and the old ways of earning a living rivalled by new agricultural techniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strane machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power
古老的謀生之道正受到新的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)、新的貿(mào)易、新的行業(yè)的挑戰(zhàn)；這種新貿(mào)易是與世界上一向無人知曉的地區(qū)進(jìn)行的貿(mào)易，而種種新行業(yè)則是使用一些無需傳統(tǒng)的人力畜力驅(qū)動(dòng)、可節(jié)省勞動(dòng)力的奇特機(jī)遇。（并列的定語）
Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history.
近代史開始時(shí)，世界擁有的每一項(xiàng)重大成就，已為歷史發(fā)端期的人們所知曉。（分開的定語）
And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited ony by the Western Europeans.
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