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初一英語語法及知識點歸納(精選8篇)
英語里面最難掌握的內容就是語法,初一的語法知識是最基礎的,想學好并不難。下面是百分網小編為大家整理的初一英語語法知識歸納,希望對大家有用!
初一英語語法及知識點歸納 1
1、名詞
A)、名詞的數
名詞分為可數名詞和不可數名詞,而不可數名詞它沒有復數形式,但可數名詞卻有單數和復數之分,復數的構成如下:
一) 直接在后面加s
如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
二) x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。
如:boxes, glasses, dresses(連衣裙), watches,wishes([wi]希望、祝福), faxes(傳真)
三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es
如:baby-babies, family-families,duty-duties [dju:ti責任、職務], comedy-comedies [kmidi喜劇],documentary-documentaries
story-stories
2)以元音字母加y結尾的直接加s
如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys(玩具), key-keys,ways(方法、道路)
四)1)以o結尾加s(外來詞)
如:radios, photos,2)是輔音加o的加es: [,dkjumentri紀錄片n、記錄的v],如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
五)以f或fe結尾的'變f為v再加es(s)。
如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves,shelf-shelves [elf架子、擱板], leaf-leaves(葉子),yourself-yourselves
六)單復數相同(不變的)
如:fish, sheep, deer [di鹿n], Chinese, Japanese
初一英語語法及知識點歸納 2
名詞的格
當我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時,我們就要使用所有格形 式。構成如下:
一) 單數在后面加s。
如:brothers, Mikes, teachers
二)復數以s結尾的直接在s后加,如:Teachers Day教師節, classmates同學們的
如果不是以s結尾的與單數一樣處理。
Childrens Day六一節,Womens Day三八節
二) 由and并列的名詞所有格,1、如果是共同所有同一人或物時,只加最后一個s,如:Mike and Bens room邁克和本的房間(共住一間),2、分別擁有時卻分別按單數形式處理。
如:Mikes and Bens rooms邁克和本的`房間(各自的房間)
初一英語語法及知識點歸納 3
動詞
A) 第三人稱單數
當動詞是第三人稱單數時,動詞應該加s,如下:
一) 一般在詞后加s
如:comes, spells, waits[weit等待], talks, sees, dances,trains [trein火車n培訓v]
二) 在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。
如:watches, washes[w, 洗滌], wishes[wi祝愿v], finishes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結尾的變y為i再加es。
如:study-studies, hurry-hurries [hri匆忙], try-tries(嘗試)
2)以元音字母加y結尾的直接加s。
如:plays, says, stays(停留、保持),enjoys(欣賞), buys(購買)
三) 以o結尾加es。
如:does, goes
四) 特殊的`有:
are-is, have-has
B) 現在分詞
當我們說某人正在做什么事時,動詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構成如下:
一) 一般在后加ing。
如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二) 以不發音e的結尾的去掉e再加ing。
如:dance-dancing,wake-waking(叫醒、醒來),take-taking(拿、取、接收),practice [prktis實習、練習] -practicing,write-writing, have-having
初一英語語法及知識點歸納 4
一、現在進行時用法
主語在句首,am is are 跟在后,現在分詞跟著走,其他成分不可丟。
表示動作正進行,句中now時間定。
一般問句,把be提到句前去。
否定句式也簡單,be后只把not添。
二、特殊疑問句用法。
What用途廣,要問“什么”它當先。(Whats this?)
How開頭來“問安”。(How are you?)
Who 問“誰”。(Whos that man?)
“誰的'”Whose來承擔。(Whose eraser is this?)
詢問“某地”用Where。(Where is her cat?)
“哪一個”which句首站。(which one?)
三、動詞加-s或-es方法歌訣
動詞三單現在式,一般詞尾加-s。
s,x,ch,sh在詞尾,直接加上-es。
詞尾若是字母o,加上-es不用愁。
“輔音字母+y”來結尾,變y為i是正規。
-es后邊緊跟隨,study——studies看明白。
四、“be going to”的用法口訣
be going to,表打算,準備、計劃將干。
表可能,有必然,通過現象來推斷。
使用它,要注意,疑問形式be提前。
否定句,更簡單,not放在be后邊。
to之后,動原型,be的形式看人稱。
下列詞,要注意,come go 和離去(leave)
進行時,表將來,牢牢記住莫忘記。
初一英語語法及知識點歸納 5
一、形容詞性物主代詞。
1、形容詞性物主代詞8個:
My、your、his、her、its、our、your、their
我的、你的、他的、她的、它的、我們的、你們的、它(他、她)們的
2、形容詞性物主代詞的特點:
①譯成漢語都有“的”eg:my 我的 their 他們的
②后面加名詞:eg:my backpack his name
③前后不用冠詞 a an the
This is a my eraser(錯誤)
That is your a pen(錯誤)
Its his the pen(錯誤)
3、I(物主代詞)my you(物主代詞)your he(物主代詞)her we(物主代詞)our
注:在變物主代詞時,把原題所給的詞加上的,再譯成單詞就可以了。
二、名詞性物主代詞
1、名詞性物主代詞和形容詞性物主代詞一樣有8個:
Mine、yours、his、hers、its、ours、yours、theirs
我的、你的、他的、她的、它的、我們的.、你們的、它(他、她)們的'
2、名詞性物主代詞的特點:
①譯成漢語都有“的”
②后面不加名詞
③名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞
eg:the pen is mine 鋼筆是我的 (mine=my pen)
三、單數的句子變成復數的句子
把單數的句子變成復數的句子很簡單,變法是把能變成復數的詞變成復數,但a或an要去掉。
特殊疑問詞、形容詞、國家及地點通常不變。
eg:把下列句子變成復數
1、I have a car.——We have cars.
2、He is an American boy.——They are American boys.
3、Its a car.——They are cars.
4、This is an eraser.——These are erasers.
5、That is a backpack.——Those are backpacks.
6、Im an English teather.——We are English teachers.
7、Its a new shirt.——They are new shirts.
8、Hes a boy.——They are boys.
9、Shes a singer.——They are singers.
10、Whats this in English?——What are these in English?
初一英語語法及知識點歸納 6
一、動詞be(is,am,are)的用法
我(I)用am,你(you)用are,is跟著他(he)、她(she)、它(it)。
單數名詞用is,復數名詞全用are。變否定,更容易,be后not加上去。變疑問,往前提,句末問好莫丟棄。還有一條需注意,句首大寫莫忘記。
二、this,that 和 it 的用法。
① this 和 that 是指示代詞,it 是人稱代詞。
②距離說話人近的人或物用 this,距離說話人遠的人或物用 that。
如:This is a flower.這是一朵花(近處)
That is a tree.那是一棵樹(遠處)
③放在一起的兩樣東西,先說this,后說that。
如:This is a pen.這是一只鋼筆。
That is a pencil.那是一只鉛筆。
④向別人介紹某人時說 this is ......不說 that is ......。
如:This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom.這是海倫。海倫,這是湯姆。
⑤This is 不能縮寫,而 That is 可以縮寫。
如:This is a bike.這是一輛自行車。
Thats a car.那是一輛轎車。
⑥介紹自己,打電話時用 this,詢問對方用 that。
如:Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂!是格林小姐嗎?
Yes,this is.Whos that? 是的.,我是。你是誰?
注意:雖然漢語中使用“我”和“你”,但是英語打電話種絕對不可以說:I am......,are you......?/Who are you?
⑦在回答 this 或 that 作主語的疑問句時,要用 it 代替 this 或 that。
如:Is this a notebook?這是筆記本嗎?
Yes,it is.是的,它是。
Whats that? 那是什么?
Its a kite. 是只風箏。
初一英語語法及知識點歸納 7
1、名詞復數規則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch結尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“輔音字母+y”結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”結尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5.不規則名詞復數: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
2、一般現在時
1.一般現在時表示經常或習慣性的動作,也可表示現在的狀態或主語具備的性格和能力。
2.一般現在時中,沒有be動詞和情態動詞,主語為第三人稱單數的肯定句,動詞要按規則加上s,主語是非第三人稱單數的肯定句,動詞用原形。
3.在一般現在時中,句中有be動詞或情態動詞時,否定句在be動詞和情態動詞后加not,一般疑問句將be動詞或情態動詞放在句首。 4.在一般現在時中,句中沒有be動詞或情態動詞時,主語為第三人稱單數的否定句在動詞前加does+not (doesnt),一般疑問句在句首加does,句子中原有動詞用原形;主語為非第三人稱單數,否定句用do+not (dont),一般疑問句在句首加do,句子中動詞用原形。
動詞+s的變化規則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o結尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母+y”結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
3、現在進行時
1.現在進行時表示現在正在進行或發生的動作,也可表示當前一段時間內的活動或現階段正在進行的動作。
2.現在進行時的肯定句基本結構為be+動詞ing.
3.現在進行時的否定句在be后加not。
4.現在進行時的一般疑問句把be動詞調到句首。
動詞加ing的變化規則
1.一般情況下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
2.以不發音的e結尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母,雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping
4、be going to
1.be going to 表示將要發生的事或打算、計劃、決定要做的事情。
2.肯定句:be going to +動詞原形,如:Jim is going to play football. 否定句:be not going to +動詞原形,如:Jim is not going to play football. 一般疑問句:把be動詞調到句首,如:Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑問句:疑問詞+be+主語+going to+動詞原形?如:What is Jim going to do? 疑問詞當主語時:疑問詞+be+going to+動詞原形?如:Who is going to play football?
5、一般過去時
1.一般過去時表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態,常和表示過去的.時間狀語連用。一般過去時也表示過去經常或反復發生的動作感謝。
2.Be動詞在一般過去時中的變化:
⑴am 和is在一般過去時中變為was。(was not=wasnt)
⑵are在一般過去時中變為were。(were not=werent)
⑶帶有was或were的句子,其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問句把was或were調到句首。
3.句中沒有be動詞的一般過去時的句子
否定句:didnt +動詞原形,如:Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑問句:在句首加did,句子中的動詞過去式變回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑問句:
⑴疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑問詞當主語時:疑問詞+動詞過去式?如:Who went to home yesterday?
動詞過去式變化規則:
1.一般在動詞末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.結尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一個元音字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節,應雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
4.以“輔音字母+y”結尾的,變y為i,再加-ed,如:study-studied
5.不規則動詞過去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat
初一英語語法及知識點歸納 8
1.人稱代詞
主格: I we you she he it they
賓格: me us you her him it them
形容詞性物主代詞:my our your her his its their
名詞性物主代詞: mine ours yours hers his its theirs
2.形容詞和副詞的比較
(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞后+er
older ,taller, longer, stronger
(2) 多音節詞前+more
more interesting, etc.
(3) 雙寫最后一個字母,再+er
bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y變i,再+er
heavier, earlier
(5) 不規則變化:
well-better, much/many-more, etc.
3.可數詞的復數形式
Most nouns + s abook –books
Nouns ending in aconsonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories
Nouns ending in s,sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches
Nouns ending in o+s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
Nouns ending in for fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
4.不可數名詞(單復數不變)
bread, rice, water ,juice等。
5.縮略形式
Im= I a, youre = you are, shes= she is, hes = he is
its= it is, whos =who is, cant =can not, isnt=is not等。
6.a/an
a book, a peach
an egg, an hour
7.Preposition
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at,behind.
表示時間: at six oclock, at Christmas, at breakfast
on Monday, on 15th July, On National Day
in the evening, in December, in winter
8.基數詞和序數詞
one – first, two-second,twenty-twentieth
9.some/any
I have some toys in my bedroom.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10.be動詞
(1) Basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
(3)一般疑問句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you arent.
Are they American? Yes, they are. No,they arent.
Is the cat fat? Yes,it is. No, it isnt.
11.there be結構
肯定句:There is a …
Thereare …
一般疑問句: Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isnt.
Arethere…? Yes, there are. /No, there arent.
否定句: There isnt ….
Therearent….
12.祈使句
Sit down please
Dontsit down, please.
13.現在進行時
通常用“now”.
形式: be + verb +ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
動詞—ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming
14.一般現在時
通常用 “usually, often, every day,sometimes”。
肯定句:
I go to school on foot every day.
She goes to school on foot every day.
一般疑問句:
Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I dont.
Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.
否定句: We dont go to school on Sundays.
My mother doesnt like watching TV in the evening.
15.情態動詞
can,must, should后面直接用動詞原形。
eg: 1. I / He / She / They can sing.
2.You should keep quiet in the library.
16.一般過去時態
(a) be 動詞的過去式:
I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….
一般疑問句was, were 放在句首。
(b) 動詞過去式:
肯定句: I watched cartoons.
She visited the zoo.
一般疑問句: Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didnt.
Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, shedidnt.
否定句: They didnt go the the part yesterday.
He didnt make model ships last week.
(3)動詞過去式的變化:
規則動詞的變化:
Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。
Verbs ending in e+d eg liked。
Verbs ending in aconsonant +y --y +ied eg : study—studied
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg:stop --stopped
不規則動詞的變化:
is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew,eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank 等等
17.Wh-"questions"
What are you doing?
What colour is it?
What time is it?/ Whats the time?
Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?
Whosthe man with a big nose?
Whose bag is it?
When is your birthday?
Where is my ball pen?
Why do you like summer?
How many books are there in the school bag?
How old is the young man?
How much is the toy bear?
How do you go to school every day?
1、一般現在時
A、表示不受時限的客觀存在如:He is a boy. She is a student.
My mother is anurse. This is a dog. I have a book.
B、表示現在的習慣動作,即指現在經常發生的動作,一般現在時常用來表示現在時間里某種動作的經常性和習慣性。它常與表示程度或頻度的詞連用,如:often(經常) , usually(通常,一般) , sometimes(有時) ,always(總是,一直) , never(從不)
如:I often go to school on foot.
My father works in a school.
Mike watches TV every day.
I usually playcomputer games on the weekend.
C、表示現時的狀態和現在瞬間動作.如:How are you? You look happy. Whats the matterwith you? I have a headache. What do you have for lunch? I have some chicken.
☆注意☆ 英語動詞的現在時與原形同形。但當主語是第三人稱單數時,須在詞尾加s 或 -es。例如:I have a fish for dinner. Her mother works in a hospital. Amy often goes to school by bike. Mr. Liu teaches us English. 加-es 的動詞必須是以“sh , ch , o ”等字母結尾的。如:watches , teaches ,goes , washes
2、一般將來時
表示在將來會發生的事或動作。它常與表示將來的時間連用,如:tomorrow , next week , next year ,this morning , this afternoon , this evening 等
☆注意☆ 一般將來時小學階段主要學了兩種結構:
①be going to + 動詞的原形 / 地點
②will + 動詞的'原形
例句: Im going to go shopping thisafternoon. She is going to Hong Kong next week. You will see many birds in the sky.
3、現在進行時
表示說話時正在進行的動作或現階段一直在進行的動作。
☆注意☆它的構成是:be的現在時形式(am , is , are)加動詞的ing形式。
如:What are you doing? Im writing a letter. What arethey doing? Theyre swimming.Is he playing chess? Yes, he is.Look, Amy is reading an English book.
☆ 注意☆ 動詞的ing形式的構成規則:
☆ ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 結尾的動詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③ 雙寫最后一個字母的(此類動詞極少)有:running , swimming, sitting , getting
4、一般過去時
主要用來表示在特定過去時間中一次完成的動作或一度存在的狀態,也可表示過去的習慣動作。它與現在時間不發生關系,它表示的動作或狀態都已成為過去,現已不復存在。它經常與表示過去的時間連用。如:I went to a park yesterday. I read a book last night. I watched TVyesterday evening.I went on a big trip last weekend. I failed my Chinese test.
☆注意☆ 一般過去時主要體現在動詞的形式要用過去式,動詞的過去式的構成規則有:
A、規則動詞
① 一般直接在動詞的后面加ed ;如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e結尾的動詞直接加d ;如 lived, danced , used
③ 以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞要改y為i再加ed (此類動詞較少)如 study –studied carry – carried worry – worried (play、stay除外)
④ 雙寫最后一個字母(此類動詞較少)如 stopped
B、不規則動詞(此類詞并無規則,須熟記)小學階段要記住以下動詞的原形和過去式:
sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did ,go – went , take– took , get – got , read – read , am/is – was , are – were , say – said , tell – told , come – came , drink – drank
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