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定語從句講解與練習題精選
在日常學習和工作中，我們經(jīng)常接觸到練習題，多做練習方可真正記牢知識點，明確知識點則做練習效果事半功倍，必須雙管齊下。那么一般好的習題都具備什么特點呢？以下是小編幫大家整理的定語從句講解與練習題精選，僅供參考，大家一起來看看吧。
定語從句講解與練習題 1
一．定義：
在復合句中修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。
二．特點：
1.先行詞：定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞
2. 關(guān)聯(lián)詞：
1）引出定語從句，并作從句的一個成分。可作主語、賓語、定語、狀語，作賓語可省略。
2）關(guān)聯(lián)詞包括關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)聯(lián)詞位于先行詞和定語從句之間。
關(guān)系代詞：that, which, who, whom, whose代指先行詞。
關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why作時間狀語。
三．基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
先行詞+關(guān)聯(lián)詞+定語從句剩余部分
四．關(guān)系代詞的用法：
1. that 和which
that指人或物，作主語或賓語，作賓語可省略，主語不能。
Which指物，不指人，作主語或賓語，作賓語可省略，主語不能。
His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.
Who was hurt in the accident that/which happened yesterday?
The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black.
注意：The room in which I live is very big. (在介詞后面不能用that)
2.只能用that不能用which引導的定語從句：
1) 先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時，定語從句只能用that
This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.
2）先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時，定語從句只能用that
The children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Match”.
3）先行詞被the only，the very 或the same等修飾，定語從句只能用that引導。
It is the only word (that) I know in the passage.
Where is the very book (that) I bought just now?
This is the (same) bicycle (that) I lost.
4）先行詞為everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，few等不定代詞時，定語從句只能用that
I want everything (that) I want.
I am writing to tell you about something very strange that happened to me last week.
5)先行詞被不定代詞all, any, no, every, little, much, many修飾時，只能用that
Here is all the money (that) I have.
6)先行詞是同時含有“人和物”的名詞時，定語從句只能用that
I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room.
7)定語從句所修飾的詞為the one 時，定語從句用that引導
Is it the one（that）you want？
8）為了避免重復，在疑問詞who之后，用that 引導定語從句
Who is the girl that won the first place?
3. who和whom
who指人，在句中作主語和賓語，作賓語可省略。
Whom指人，在句中只能作賓語，可省略，但在介詞后面不能省略。
Who is the teacher that Xiao Li is talking to?
The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous.
=The doctor who/whom/that she went to the United States with last month is very famous.
五.關(guān)系副詞的用法：
1. when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. when=on which
2.where 指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
3.why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語，其先行詞只有表示原因的reason一詞.
We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.
㈠．單項選擇
1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.
A. that B. who C. whom D. this
2. The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.
A. whom B. which C. who D. /
3. The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.
A. that B. whose C. which D. as
4. Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?
A. the one B. which C. who D. whom
5. Is this factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?
A. the one B. that C. which D. /
6. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.
A. which B. that C. / D. it
7. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.
A. which B. in which C. that D. all
8. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.
A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who
9. Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. this
10. This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all this year.
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
11. This is the only article of these that _____ written by him.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
12. The man _____ was here just now is a doctor.
A. whom B. who C. / D. he
13. The boy _____ has two lovely dogs.
A. who live next door B. which lives next door
C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door
14. Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands.
A. which B. whom C. that D. who
15. Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been _____.
A. /, to B. that, / C. where, to D. which, there
16. He is the most careful boy _____ I know.
A. what B. which C. as D. /
17. This is the school _____ Mr. Smith once taught.
A. in that B. when C. where D. there
18. Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born?
A. where B. in that C. that D. which
19. The factory _____ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
20. Do you still remember the day _____ we first met?
A. that B. when C. what D. on that
21. The first time ___ I saw Premier Zhou was in 1958.
A. when B. where C. which D. that
22. October 1, 1949 is the day _____ we’ll never forget.
A. when B. that C. where D. in which
23. October 1, 1949 was the day _____ the People’s Republic of China was founded. A. which B. when C. where D. in which
24. Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing?
A. which B. where C. in which D. what
25. Is this museum _____ they visited last month?
A. that B. which C. where D. the one
26. I still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
27. Did you tell your mother all ___ you had seen on the way home?
A. what B. why C. that D. which
28. It’s one of the most important meetings ___ this years.
A. that has been held B. which has been held
C. that have been held D. which have held
29. Do you know who lives in the building ___ there is a well?
A. in front of it B. in front of whose
C. in front of which D. in the front of which
30. I’ll never forget the day ___ I joined the League.
A. on which B. which C. in which D. at which
31. She showed her new watch to my wife, ___ was kept in a box.
A. who B. which C. that D. it
32. She had three sons, all ___ became doctors.
A. who B. whom C. of them D. of whom
33. This is the new type of plane ___ parts are made of plastics.
A. that B. what C. which D. whose
34. ___ is known to all, China is a developing country, belonging to the third world.
A. It B. That C. As D. Which
35. Is this the leaning tower ___ Galileo did experiment centuries ago?
A. that B. where C. which D. when
㈡．將下列兩句話合并成一句.
1. I can’t find the book.. I bought a book yesterday.
______________________________________________________________
2. The girl is my sister. The girl is standing on the stage.
______________________________________________________________
3. The West Lake lies in Hangzhou. The West Lake is one of the most famous lakes in China.
______________________________________________________________
4. I don’t know that boy. The boy is in blue shirt.
______________________________________________________________
5. My brother likes the singers. The singers write their own music.
______________________________________________________________
6. The cat is mine. The cat is playing with a ball.
______________________________________________________________
答案：
一）
1-5 A C A B A
6-10 B B C A D
11-15 A B D D A
16-20 D C A B B
21-25 D B B A D
26-30 D C C C A
31-35 B D D C B
（二）
1. I can’t find the book that/which/ / I bought yesterday.
2. The girl who/that is standing on the stage is my sister.
3. The West Lake is one of the most famous lakes in China that lies in Hangzhou.
4. I don’t know the boy who/that is in blue shirt.
5. My brother likes the singers who/that write their own music.
6. The cat which/that is playing with a ball is mine.
定語從句講解與練習題 2
一、了解定語從句及相關(guān)術(shù)語
1. 定語從句：修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面，相當于形容詞在句中作定語。
2. 先行詞：被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。
3. 關(guān)系詞：引導定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；關(guān)系副詞有where，when，why等。
He is the man who I want to see. 他就是我想見的人。
先行詞 關(guān)系詞 定語從句
二、掌握關(guān)系代詞及其作用
最常用的關(guān)系代詞是who, whom, whose, that，which和as。關(guān)系代詞同時起了兩個作用。它們可以像別的代詞一樣，可以代表一個名詞，在定語從句中用作主語或賓語，同時，它們又起到了連詞的作用，把主句和從句連接起來。
1. who指人，在定語從句中一般做主語。如：
Do you know the man who is speaking to your father? 你認識和你爸爸講話的那個人嗎？(定語從句修飾先行詞the man，who在定語從句中作is speaking的主語）
This is the stranger who helped us yesterday. 這是昨天幫助我們的那個陌生人。
She is the girl who works hard at maths. 她就是那個努力學習數(shù)學的女孩。
2. whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語。在口語或非正式文體中，whom可以省略。如：
He is the man (whom) we just talked about. 他就是我們剛才談論的那個人。
The boy (whom) we met in the street yesterday is my classmate. 我們昨天在大街上遇到的那個男孩是我的同學。
3. whose既可以指人，也可以指物，在定語從句中作定語修飾它后面的名詞。如：
This is the girl whose father is a policeman. 這就是那個爸爸是警察的女孩。
They live in a house whose windows face south. 他們住在一座窗子朝南的房子里。
4. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語。作賓語時可以省略。如：
Physics is a subject which is very difficult to learn. 物理是一門很難學的科目。（在定語從句中做主語，不能省略）
Apples are the fruit (which) she likes best. 蘋果是她最喜歡的水果。
5. that既可以指人，也可以指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語。指人時，相當于who或whom；指物時，相當于which。that在從句中作賓語時可省略。如：
He is the man that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那個人。
We like programs that are very interesting. 我們喜歡有趣的節(jié)目。
She is the woman （that） we saw in the bookshop. 她是我們在書店見到的那名婦女。
6. that指人時，相當于who或者whom；指物時，相當于which。在定語從句中作主語或者賓語。如：
The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. 來這個城市參觀的人數(shù)每年增長一百萬。
Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? 今天早晨我看見的那個人在哪里？
三、掌握關(guān)系副詞及其作用
關(guān)系副詞有when、where、why，他們在引導定語從句時，既在定語從句中充當狀語，又起連接作用。
1. When指時間，在定語從句中充當時間狀語。如：
I still remember the day when I first came to Dalian. 我仍然記得第一次來大連那天的情景。
He told me the date when he joined the party. 他告訴了我他入黨的時間。
They stayed with me for three weeks when they drank all the wine I had.他們和我一起住了三個星期，在那三周里，把我所有的葡萄酒都喝光了。
2. where指地點、在定語從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語。如：
This is the house where we lived when we were young. 這就是我們小時候住的房子。
This is the village where I grew up. 這就是我長大的那個村莊。
Hangzhou is a city where there is a beautiful lake. 杭州是個有一個美麗的湖泊的城市。
3. why指原因，在定語從句中充當原因狀語。如：
I know the reason why he was late for the meeting. 我知道他開會遲到的原因。
Do you know the reason why he refused the invitation? 你知道他拒絕應邀的原因嗎？
That is the reason why I’ve changed so much. 那就是我變化這么快的原因。
四、學習定語從句應該注意的問題
1. 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選用
如果先行詞是表示時間或地點的名詞，不能就一律斷定要用關(guān)系副詞when或where，務必要看引導詞在從句中作什么成分，如果作狀語，用關(guān)系副詞，如做主語或賓語要用關(guān)系代詞。當reason做先行詞時，也需注意其引導詞在從句中作什么成分，不能斷定一概用why來引導。如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked together. 我將永遠不會忘記我們一起工作的時光。 （work是不及物動詞，when在定語從句中作狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞。）
I’ll never forget the time (which/that) we spent together. 我將永遠不會忘記我們一起渡過的時光。
spend是及物動詞，which/that在定語從句中作賓語，故用關(guān)系代詞，也可以省略。）
This is the factory where he worked before. 這是他以前工作過的工廠。（work是不及物動詞，where在定語從句中作狀語。）
This is the factory which/that he visited before. 這是他以前參觀過的工廠。（visit是及物動詞，which/that在從句中作賓語，亦可省略。）
The reason why I was absent yesterday was that I was ill. 我昨天缺席的原因是我生病了。定語從句中缺狀語，表示原因，故用關(guān)系副詞why）
The reason that he explained for his being late was that he had missed the early bus.他所解釋的遲到的原因是他誤了頭班汽車。（explain是及物動詞，that在從句中作其賓語）
再看一個例題：
（1）This is the factory ________ I visited last year.
（2）This is the factory _______ I worked last year.
（3）This is the factory _______ produces all kinds of TV sets.
A. where B. which C. whom D. whose
以上三個句子只有細微的差別，但答案卻不同：（1）和（3）選B. which。（2）選A. where。做這種題時，要看先行詞與定語從句中謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系；（1）中是動賓關(guān)系，即I visited the factory，因此選which。（2）中factory應在定語從句中作地點狀語，即：I worked in the factory，因此選where。（3）中是作定語從句中的主語，不作地點狀語，因此選which。
2. 限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況
1）當先行詞是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代詞時，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時。如：
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said? 你把李先生說的話都記下來了嗎？
There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. 在他看來世界上似乎沒有不可能的是。
All that can be done has been done.所有能做的事情都做了。
2）當先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾。如：
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 他們在倫敦參觀的第一個地方就是“大本鐘”。
3）當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。如：
I think the film Assembly is the best film that I have seen. 我認為電影《集結(jié)號》是我看過的最好的電影。
4）當形容詞被the very, the only 修飾時。如：
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 這就是我想買的那本辭典。
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 房子失火以后，那輛舊汽車就是他唯一的財產(chǎn)。
5）當先行詞前面有who, which等疑問代詞時。如：
Who is the man that is standing there? 站在那兒那個人是誰？
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?哪件T恤適合我穿？
6）當先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時。如：
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?你還記得我們學到的那個科學家及他的理論嗎？
3. 區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句
1）定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是補充說明的關(guān)系。如：
The plane that has just taken off is for London. 剛起飛的飛機是去倫敦的。（定語從句）
The fact that he has been dead is clear. 他已經(jīng)死亡的事實是清楚的。（同位語從句）
2）定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導，關(guān)系詞在句中充當成分，有時可以省略；同位語從句主要由that引導，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等詞引導，充當成分。如：
The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.我們現(xiàn)在面臨的問題是怎樣籌集那么多錢。 （定語從句）
The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. 怎樣籌集錢的問題很難解決。（同位語從句）
3）同位語從句和先行詞一般可以用be動詞發(fā)展成一個完整的句子，而定語從句不可以。如：
The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)這一事實是眾所周知的。（同位語從句）
The fact is that the earth moves around the earth. 這個事實就是地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
3. 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？
4. that代替關(guān)系副詞
that可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。
五、考點鏈接
1. 考查that
Do you still remember the chicken farm _______ we visited three months ago?
A. where B. when C. that D. what
【解析】C。從句中visited 是及物動詞，而且沒有賓語，要用關(guān)系代詞引導定語從句。
2. 考查who，whom和whose
1）Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don’t.
A. who; 不填 B. 不填; who C. who; who D. 不填表; 不填
【解析】C。第一空定語從句缺少主語，必須用who，不能省略；第二空也是關(guān)系代詞作主語，不能省略。
2）Look out! Don’t get too close to the house______ roof is under repair.
A. whose B. which C. of which D. what
【解析】A。從句中缺少的是roof的定語，在定語從句中關(guān)系代詞作定語用whose，whose可以修飾人，也可以修飾物。
3. 考查when，where和when
1）—Where did you get to know her?
—It was on the farm _________ we worked.
A. that B. there C. which D. where
【解析】D。 work是不及物動詞，不需要賓語，所以用where引導定語從句。
練習題
1. I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.
2. Ill never forget the day________ we met each other last week.
3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.
4. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.
5. Ill never forget the last day______ we spent together.
6. This is the school ______I used to study.
7. Do you still remember the place______ wevisited last week?
8. Do you still remember the place_______ wevisited the painting exhibition?
9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake?
10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake?
11. Tom willgo to Shanghai,______live his two brothers.
12. I live in Beijing,____is the capital of China.
13. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA.
14. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.
15. It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.
16. It was about 600 years ago____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
17. The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(認出)you.
18. This is the very novel about____weve talked so much.
19. This is the way____he did it.
20. Who is the student _____was late for school today?
21. Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him?
22. What else was there in my brother____you didnt like?
23. He lives in the room____window faces to the south.
24. He lives in the room, the window_____faces to the south.
25. This is Mr. John for____son I brought a book yesterday.
26. This is Mr. John for_____I bought a book yesterday.
27. This is the hour_____the place is always full of women and children.
28. And there is one point ______Id like your advice.
29. Winter is the time of year______the days are short and nights are long.
30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place____you may spendyour weekend.
KEYS:
1. when 2. when 3. which 4. that/which 5. that 6. where 7. that/which
8. where 9. which 10. where 11. where 12. which 13. when 14. that
15. that 16. that 17. (that) 18. which 19. (that/in which) 20.that
21.that 22 that 23.whose 24. of which 25. whose
26. whom 27. when 28. that 29. that 30. where
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