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初中定語從句語法講解
定語從句（也稱關系從句、形容詞性從句），是指一類由關系詞（英語：relative word）引導的從句,因為這類從句的句法功能多是做定語，所以曾被稱為定語從句（英語：attributive clause），這類從句除了可以做定語之外，還可以充當狀語等其他成分，所以現(xiàn)代語言學多使用“關系從句”這一術語。下面是小編為大家收集的初中定語從句語法講解，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡！
一、定語從句的概念
在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
二、定語從句的關系詞
引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞，常見的關系代詞包括that， which， who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等，關系副詞包括where， when， why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的重要成分。
三、定語從句的分類
根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開，起補充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
四、關系代詞的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。（that作主語）
The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。（that作賓語）
2.which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語）
The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語）
3.who， whom用于指人，who 用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。（作主語）
Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？正在與李明談話的老師是誰？（作賓語）
注意：（1）當定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時，who， that， which可省略，但介詞在關系代詞前時，只能用介詞+which/whom結構。例如：
This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?/p>
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。
（2）含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如：
This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個人。
�。�3）that 作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如：
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠。
（4）關系詞只能用that的情況：
a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個通過考試的人。
b.被修飾的先行詞為all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代詞時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？
c.先行詞被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。
d. 先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句，為避免重復，只能用that.例如：
Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰？
f.主句是there be 結構，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which.例如：
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。
�。�5）關系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：
a.先行詞為that， those時，用which， 而不用that.例如：
What’s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？
b.關系代詞前有介詞時，一般用which，而不用that.例如：
This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。
c.引導非限制性定語從句，用which， 而不用that.例如：
Tom came back， which made us happy. 湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。
五、關系副詞的用法
�。�1）when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，在句中作時間狀語。例如：
This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。
�。�2）where指地點，其先行詞表示地點，在句中作地點狀語。例如：
This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點。
（3）why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。例如：
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒人知道他為什么上學總遲到。
單項填空。
1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？
-Yes， he’s our headmaster.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom
2. Is this the river _____I can swim？
A. which B. in which C. that D. the one
3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.
A. where B. which C. that D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？
A. that you bought B. you bought it
C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agrees B. who agree
C. who agrees D. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that B. it C. which who
7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s B. whose C. that of which.
8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was
9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
10. The world ______ is made up of matter.
A. in that we live B. on which we live
C. where we live in D. we live in
�、�. 用適當?shù)年P系代詞that， which， who， whom填空。
1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.
3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4. The house _____we live in is very old.
5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now？
參考答案：
I. 1-5BBCAC 6-10 ABCCD
�、�. 1. that 2. which / that 3. who / that 4. that / which 5. who/ whom/ that
知識點梳理
充當定語修飾名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句。
被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞。
定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后，由一定的連接詞引導，連接詞稱為關系代詞(which,that,as,whom,who,whose)或關系副詞(when,where,why)
1、 限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句
起對先行詞進行限定、區(qū)分的作用。若去掉易產(chǎn)生歧義或使主句意義不明確。(此類定語從句前后沒有逗號)
【eg】The dress that my mother bought for me is very beautiful. 我媽媽給我買的裙子很漂亮。
⑵非限定性定語從句
與先行詞之間的關系比較松散，只對先行詞起說明和描述的作用。若省去，剩余部分意義仍然完整，表達清楚。(此類定語從句前后用逗號隔開)
【eg】Your writings , which everyone admires , are very
marvelous.
你的作品人人欣賞，實在是太了不起了。
Shakespeare , whose plays are popular , was a great
writer.
莎士比亞是個偉大的作家，他的劇作很受歡迎。
�、悄承┣闆r下，一個定語從句既可以作限定性定語從句，又可以作為非限定性定語從句，但二者含義有差別。
【eg】There are ten cars here which are made in China.
這里有十輛中國制造的車。 (這里可能還有其他的車) There are ten cars here , which are made in China. 這里有十輛車，它們都是中國制造的。 (這里只有十輛車) ⑷that和why一般不引導非限定性定語從句，其他引導限定性定語從句的關系代詞和關系副詞都可以引導非限定性定語從句。 ⑴限定性定語從句
【eg】My elder brother , who is an engineer , is working abroad. 我的哥哥在國外工作，他是一個工程師。
Last year , I visited Quanzhou , which is a beautiful city
in Fujian Province.
去年我游覽了泉州，它是福建省一個漂亮的城市。
⑴which和that指物
�、� which和that引導的限定性定語從句表事物，可以在定語從句中做主語或賓語。當他們在賓語從句中做賓語時，that和which�？梢允÷�。
【eg】We must respect the custom here that has existed for
hundreds of years.
我們必須尊重這里存在了數(shù)百年的習俗。 (做主語) This is the book (that / which) I want to buy.
這就是我想買的那本書。 (做buy的賓語) 多數(shù)情況下，that和which 可以通用。
② 在下列幾種情況下，引導定語從句的關系代詞多用that，不用或少用which。
a 先行詞前有形容詞的最高級、序數(shù)詞或the only , the very , the last等表絕對意義的詞作修飾語。
【eg】This is the oldest tree that exists in the world.
這是世界上現(xiàn)存最老的一棵樹。
The only thing ( that ) he is interested in is collecting stamps.
他唯一感興趣的事就是集郵。
b 先行詞為不定代詞(anything , nothing , everything)或被little , few , much, any , no等修飾
【eg】All the songs ( that ) he sang are very popular here.
他唱的所有的歌在這兒都很流行。
Everything that should be done has been done..
一切應該做的事情都已經(jīng)做了。
若先行詞是something，定語從句用 that 和 which 都可以。 c 先行詞既包括人又包括物
【eg】They talked of people and things ( that ) they remembered
in England.
他們談起了記憶中在英國的人和事。
d 當句中已有wh–疑問句，有時為了避免重復，用 that 引導定語從句而不用which。
�、� 在下列幾種情況下，一般使用which引導定語從句而不用that. a 引導非限定性定語從句
【eg】China , which is the third largest country in the world ,
is playing an important part in the world affairs. 中國是世界上第三大國家，它在國際事務中起著重要的作用。 b that和which 在從句中作介詞的賓語。
介詞可以放在句末也可以提到關系代詞前面。
介詞放在句末時，關系代詞可用that 和which ，也可省略。
介詞提前到關系代詞前時，只能用which 不能用that ，且which 不可省。
【eg】A bottle opener is a tool ( which / that ) bottles are
opened with.
=A bottle opener is a tool with which bottles are opened. 開瓶器是一種用來開啟瓶子的工具。
c 當關系代詞后面有插入語。
【eg】I have received the invitation to your wedding which ,as I have told you , made me very glad.
我已經(jīng)收到你的婚禮請柬。這個邀請，正如我所告訴你的，使我感到萬分榮幸。
d 若先行詞是that，則用 which 引導定語從句。(that which的結構通常出現(xiàn)在諺語中)
【eg】That which is evil is soon learned.
壞事易學。
�、� 先行詞是way時，引導定語從句的關系代詞有三種形式:in which / that或不用引導詞。
【eg】The way he speaks is unique.
=The way that he speaks is unique.
=The way in which he speaks is unique.
他說話的方式很奇特。
⑵who,whom 和that指人
�、� who和that在從句中既可做主語又可做賓語
whom 在從句中只可用做賓語。
當who , whom和that在從句中做賓語時，可以省略。
【eg】Do you know the girl who / that is talking with John over
there?
你認識在那邊和John說話的那個女孩嗎?
The man (who / whom / that ) you have just talked with is our teacher.
剛才和你說話的那個是我們的老師。
�、� who , whom , that在從句中都可作介詞的賓語。
介詞可位于句末也可提到關系代詞前。
介詞位于句末時，關系代詞可用who , whom或that，也可省略。 介詞提到關系代詞前時，只能用whom不能用that和who，并且whom不可省。
(注意與2/⑴/③/b類比)
【eg】The man ( who / whom / that ) you have just talked with
is our teacher.
=The man with whom you have just talked is our teacher. 剛才和你說話的那個人是我們的老師。
⑶ whose指人或指物，充當名詞的修飾語，表示所屬關系。
“whose+名詞”=“名詞+ of which”二者意思相同，可互換。
【eg】Look at the house whose windows are round.
=Look at the house the windows of which are round. 看那座窗戶是圓形的房子。
�、� as引導的定語從句
① 先行詞有such 或the same 修飾，或者在as/so as 的結構中，都可用as
做關系代詞來引導限定性定語從句。
【eg】I want to buy the same pen as you are using.
我想買一支和你用的那支一樣的筆。
He used such expressions as he could find in the texts. 他使用在課文中可以找到的那些詞語。
當the same修飾先行詞時，引導定語從句的關系代詞既可以用as也可用that。
區(qū)別：that引導的定語從句表示它所表述的事物與先行詞是同一個。
as既可以表示“同一個”又可以表示“同類”。
【eg】This is the same book that I have lost.
這就是我丟失的那本書。
This is the same book as I have lost.
這本書和我丟失的那本一模一樣。
�、� as引導非限定性定語從句
as引導非限定性定語從句,修飾的是前面的整個句子。
which 也有這種用法,兩者在大部分情況下可互換。
【eg】She has just cried , as / which I could see from her swollen eyes.
她剛剛哭過，我從她紅腫的眼睛就可以看出。
As is known to all , China is the third largest country in the world.
眾所周知，中國是世界上第三大繁榮國家。
which引導非限定性定語從句和引導的非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別： a which從句只能放在句末，而as從句可位于句首、句中、句末。
【eg】Mark Twain , as we all know , is a great writer. 眾所周知，馬克吐溫是一位偉大的作家。
b 當主句是否定句時，as不能用 which 來替換。as從句所修飾的范圍并不包括主句的否定意義。
【eg】Spiders are not insects , as many people think. 蜘蛛并非像許多人所想的.那樣是昆蟲。
3、 關系副詞when , where , why的使用
關系副詞where , when , why在從句中分別做地點狀語、時間狀語和原因狀語。他們經(jīng)�？梢杂谩敖樵~+ which ”來替代
�、舧hen可替換為 on / at / in / during + which , 在定語從句中做時間狀語。
【eg】I still remember the day when / on which we first met. 我還記得我們初次見面的那一天。
Do you still remember the summer vacation when / during
which we visited a lot of places in Beijing?
你還記得我們在北京游覽了很多地方的那個暑假嗎?
⑵ where可替換為 at / in / to + which ，在定語從句中跟在表地點的名詞后面做地點狀語。
【eg】That is the school where / at which I used to study. 那就是我過去學習過的學校。
Think of a place where / to which we can go for a swim. 想一個我們可以去游泳的地方。
�、� why 可替換為for which ，引導先行詞為reason的定語從句，表示原因。
【eg】This is the reason why / for which he was late. 這就是他遲到的原因。
⑷ 關系副詞when , where , why 引導定語從句時一般可用that替換，也可省略。
【eg】She is always busy working from the time ( when / that )
she gets up in the morning till the time ( when / that ) she goes to bed.
她總是很忙，從早上起床一直到上床睡覺，她都在工作。 That is the place ( where / that ) I went before.
那就是我們從前去過的地方。
Do you know the reason ( why / that ) he left the company? 你知道他離開公司的原因嗎?
二、 例題
1、( )The flood overflowed the riverbanks , ______ frequently happened in that area.
A as it B which C it D such
2、( )This is the best novel ______ we have read in recent years.
A which B that C as D so
3、( )All ______ is a large sum of money.
A what is needed B that is needed
C the thing needed D for their needs
4、( )Read the text a second time and you will probably know what the principle ______ a hovercraft works.
A is on that B has on which
C is on which D on which
5、( )The way ______ he gives his performances is appreciated by his fans. Which of the followings is wrong?
A / B which C in which D that
6、( )My assistant , ______ carefully read through the instructions before doing the experiment , did not get satisfactory results.
A who thought B even who
C who had D who having
7、( )In the dark streets , there was not a single person ______ she could turn for help.
A that B who C from whom D to whom
8、( )The neighbourhood factory , ______ workers are all women , turns out toys
of fine quality.
A there B which C whose D when
9、( )He is such an outstanding leader ______ is loved by the people throughout the country.
A as B that C which D who
10、( )The can opener is easy to handle , ______ is shown in the picture.
A as it B as C that D since
11、( )Everything was quite all right ______ one day ______ she got into trouble.
A not until ; when B until ; before
C not until ; before D until ; when
12、( )A fast food restaurant is the place ______ ,just as the name suggests , eating is performed quickly.
A which B where C there D what
13、( )The plane was delayed , ______ was that the weather was terrible.
A the reason why B the reason for it
C the reason of it D the reason for which
14、( )Do not let the child who is ______ swim in rivers.
A not old enough B too young to
C not old enough to D young enough to
15、( )I think you have got to the point ______ ,a change is needed , otherwise you will fail.
A when B that C where D which
三、鞏固練習
1、( )Is this university ______ they paid a visit to last month?
A which B where C the one D which you
2、( )I will never forget the days ______ we spent together in the village.
A / B when C what D how
3、( ) ______ is mentioned above , the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.
A Which B As C That D It
4、( )I was late for school this morning because of the traffic jam ______ I was caught.
A which B where C in which D when
5、( )Has everything ______ can be done ______ done?
A / ; / B / ; been C that ; been D that ; be
6、( )Can you find me something ______ ?
A to open the tin B that I can open the tin
C I can open the tin with D by which to open the tin
7、( )Water dissolves a part of nearly everything ______ it comes in contact.
A where B with which C that D as soon as
8、( )The size of the audience , ______ we had expected , was well over 500.
A whom B that C who D as
9、( )The shop assistant I spoke ______ nothing.
A to say B to said C said D tell
10、( )When the mid-term exam was over , I went fishing - ______ I had not done for weeks.
A anything B everything C nothing D something
11、( )Tigers live in forests , ______ there are plenty of other animals for them to hunt for food.
A when B if C as D where
12、( )I am going to buy the same bicycle ______ you are using now.
A that B which C as D like
13、( )This is the same watch ______ I lost.
A which B as C that D but
14、( )-How far apart do they live?
-______ I know ,they live in the same neighbourhood.
A As long as B As far as C As well as D As often as
15、( )Yesterday I bought a Chinese painting ______ was very reasonable.
A which price B the price of which
C its price D the price of whose
key:
1~5 BBBCB 6~10 CDCAB 11~15 DBDAC 鞏固1~5 CABCC 6~10 CBDBD 11~15 DCCBB
定語從句
定語從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關系詞（關系代詞或關系副詞）引出。
關系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
關系副詞有：when, where, why等。
一、關系代詞引導的定語從句
關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想見你的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）
2）Whose
用來指人或物，（只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換），例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3）which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is aboutto come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作賓語）
二、關系副詞引導的定語從句
關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。
1）when, where, why
關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當于"介詞+ which"結構，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？
2）that代替關系副詞
that可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。
非限定性定語從句概述
形式：在非限定性定語從句的前面往往有逗號隔開，將非限定性定語從句放在句子中間，其前后都需要用逗號隔開。
作用：非限定性定語從句起補充說明作用，缺少也不會影響全句的理解。非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思。
限定性與非限定性定語從句的區(qū)別
1.限定性定語從句: 從句不能省略,如果省略整個句子意思不完整。
非限定性定語從句: 從句可以省略,如果省略整個句子意思仍然完整 。
2.限定性定語從句:先行詞可以用that 引導。
非限定性定語從句: 先行詞不可以用that 引導。
3.限定性定語從句:引導詞有時可以省略。
非限定性定語從句:引導詞不可以省略。
4.限定性定語從句:主句與從句不需要用逗號隔開。
非限定性定語從句:主句與從句需要用逗號隔開。
5.限定性定語從句: 從句只修飾先行詞。
非限定性定語從句:從句既可以修飾先行詞，也可以修飾整個句子或句子的一部分。
6.限定性定語從句:不能修飾一個事件。
非限定性定語從句:可以修飾一個事件。
典型例題
1）Alice received an invitationfromher boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后
句成為句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented mefromgoing to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B. as 和which在引導非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語
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