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定語從句的知識點

時間:2023-07-25 10:01:01 詩琳 英語 我要投稿

定語從句的知識點匯總

  在現實學習生活中,大家對知識點應該都不陌生吧?知識點也可以理解為考試時會涉及到的知識,也就是大綱的分支。為了幫助大家掌握重要知識點,以下是小編精心整理的定語從句的知識點匯總,希望對大家有所幫助。

定語從句的知識點匯總

  定語從句的知識點 1

  (一)定語從句一般由關系代詞和關系副詞引導

  1、關系代詞:who, whom, whose, which, that, as

  2、關系副詞:when, where, why

  關系代詞和關系副詞必須位于從句之首,主句先行詞之后,起著連接先行詞和從句的作用, 同時在從句中又充當句子成分。

  e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.(關系代詞who在從句中作主語)

  The comrade with whom I came knows French.(whom在從句中作介詞with的賓語)

  3、關系代詞和關系副詞的用法:1)當先行詞為人時用who 作主語,whom作賓語;2)當先行詞為物或整個句子時用which ,可作主語或賓語;3)先行詞為人、物時用that ,可作主語或賓語;4)whose用作定語,可指人或物;5)關系副詞when(指時間,在定語從句中作時間狀語,where(指地點,在定語從句中作地點狀語),why(指原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語)。

  (二)限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句

  1、限制性定語從句:從句與主句關系密切,去掉從句,主句意義不完整,甚至不合邏輯。

  e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.(去掉定語從句,意思就不完整)

  2、非限制性定語從句:從句對先行詞關系不密切,去掉定從句,意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號隔開,不能that用引導。

  e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.(who引導非限制性定語從句,整個句子可分成兩句來翻譯)

  (三)使用定語從句時特別注意的幾個問題

  1、that與which的區別。

  1)用that而不用 which的情況:①先行詞為不定代詞all, anything, nothing, …;②先行詞有最高級修飾,有序數詞修飾;③先行詞有only, very, any等詞修飾;④先行詞既有人又有物時。

  e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 沒有什么能阻止他不干那件事。

  The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他們所參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。

  This is the best film that I have ever seen. 這部電影是我看過的最好的一部。

  Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他認識的唯一的外國人。

  2)用which而不用 that的`情況:①引導非限制性定語從句;②代表整個主句的意思;③介詞 + 關系代詞。

  e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他數學考試沒有及格,這使他的父親很生氣。

  This is the room in which my father lived last year. 這是父親去年居住過的房子。

  3)as引導定語從句時的用法

  ①as引導限制性定語從句通常用于the same … as, such … as結構中。

  e.g. I want the same shirt as my friends. 我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。

  Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我們車間使用的這種機器是中國制造的。

  ②as引導非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用來修飾整個句子。通常用下列句型:as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。

  e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所預料的那樣,他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。

  3)as 引導非限制性定語從句時與which的區別

  ①當主句和從句語義一致時,用as;反之,用which來引導非限制性定語從句。

  e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.

  He made a long speech, which was unexpected.

  ②當非限制定語從句為否定時,常用which引導。

  e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all.

  2. 關系代詞在從句中作主語時,從句的謂語動詞單數還是用復數應由先行詞決定。

  e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在樓下的那個人英語說得很流利。

  The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.

  3. 定語從句有時不直接緊靠先行詞,中間由一個定語、狀語或謂語隔開。

  e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.

  4. 引導定語從句的關系副詞有時可以用"介詞 + which"來代替。

  e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the Peoples Republic of China was founded.

  5. 當定語從句中謂語動詞是帶介詞或副詞的固定短語動詞時,短語動詞的各個固定部分不要拆開。

  e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.

  6. 介詞在關系代詞前,只能用which和whom,且不能省略;介詞在句尾,關系代詞可有which, that, whom, 口語中也可用who,且可省略。

  e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.

  定語從句的知識點 2

  一、關系代詞引導的定語從句

  1、由who, whom, that,Whose引導的從句

  這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,who作主語指人,whom作賓語指人,that既可作主語又可作賓語(作賓語可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用來指人或物,只用作定語。

  (1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那個想見你的男人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)

  (2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)

  (3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你剛剛說話的那個男人是我們的英語老師

  (4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那個兒子是醫生的`男人是我們的教授。

  2、由which, that引導的從句

  它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,作賓語時可以省略,例如:

  (1) Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在從句中作主語)

  (2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那個包裹快要散開了。(which / that在從句中作賓語)

  注意: 代表物時多用which,但在下列情況中用that而不用which:

  a)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代詞時;

  b)先行詞由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時,這時的that常被省略;

  c)先行詞前有序數詞或被形容詞最高級修飾時;

  d)先行詞中既有人又有物時;

  e)整個句中前面已有which,who,that時;

  f)當先行詞為物并作表語時;

  g)先行詞為one時;

  h)先行詞同時又被the only,the very,the same修飾時;

  二、關系副詞引導的定語從句

  1、when指時間在定語從句中做時間狀語也可做連接詞用 I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

  2、where指地點在定語從句中做地點狀語 Shanghai is the city where I was born.

  3、why指原因在定語從句中做原因狀語 ,用在reason 后面。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

  常見考法

  對于定語從句的考查,多以單選的形式考查學生靈活運用的能力。一般情況下,常從關系詞的意義和功能的角度考查,重點是that,which,who引導的定語從句。

  典型例題:Youre the only person ______Ive ever met ______could do it.

  A. who B. whom C. whom D. who

  解析:先行詞person后有兩個定語從句,第一個從句省略了關系代詞whom.因為, whom作從句中met的賓語,可以省略.第二個從句who could do it.who在從句中作主語,不可省略.

  答案:D

  誤區提醒

  當表示時間或地點的名詞作先行詞時,要判斷出它們在從句中作狀語還是主語或賓語。作狀語時用關系副詞,反之用關系代詞。

  典型例題:I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.

  A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when

  解析:. 兩個先行詞the day都是表示時間的名詞,但第一個空白處要填的關系詞在從句中作狀語,因此要用關系副詞when. 第二個空白處要填的關系詞在從句中作動詞spent的賓語,因此要用關系代詞which或that來引導定語從句.

  答案:A

  定語從句的知識點 3

  一、定語從句的概念

  在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。

  二、定語從句的關系詞

  引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞,常見的關系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關系副詞包括where, when, why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。

  三、定語從句的分類

  根據定語從句與先行詞的關系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號分開,從句不可省去,非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開,起補充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

  四、關系代詞的用法

  1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:

  Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)

  The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語)

  2.which用于指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:

  The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)

  The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)

  3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:

  The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)

  Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)

  注意:(1)當定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關系代詞前時,只能用“介詞+which/whom”結構。例如:

  This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們去年居住的房子。

  Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。

  (2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如:

  This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個人。

  (3)that 作介詞的'賓語時,介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如:

  The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠。

  (4)關系詞只能用that的情況:

  a. 先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

  He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個通過考試的人。

  b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

  Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?

  c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

  This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。

  d. 先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:

  I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。

  e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句,為避免重復,只能用that.例如:

  Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?

  f.主句是there be 結構,修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如:

  There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。

  (5)關系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:

  a.先行詞為that, those時,用which, 而不用that.例如:

  What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?

  b.關系代詞前有介詞時,一般用which,而不用that.例如:

  This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。

  c.引導非限制性定語從句,用which, 而不用that.例如:

  Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。

  五、關系副詞的用法

  (1)when指時間,其先行詞表示時間,在句中作時間狀語。例如:

  This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。

  (2)where指地點,其先行詞表示地點,在句中作地點狀語。例如:

  This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點。

  (3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。例如:

  Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒人知道他為什么上學總遲到。

  延伸閱讀:定語從句知識重點與難點

  (一)當先行詞有最高級,序數詞修飾,是不定代詞,或是all, no, only等形式時,關系代詞一般用that,而不能用which。

  1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.

  2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.

  (二)當先行詞是表示時間,地點,原因的詞時,關系詞用when, where, why 還有which, that

  1. I’m very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.

  2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.

  3. I think I can understand the reason why he didn’t tell the truth to me.

  4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.

  (三)定語從句的簡化表達:

  1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.

  2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.

  3. The question that is being discussed is very important.

  4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.

  說明:以上的定語從句部分可以用更加簡單的非謂語形式表達出來:

  1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.

  2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.

  3. The question being discussed is very important.

  4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.

  說明:修飾一個名詞除了后面用定語從句以外,還可以用非謂語動詞形式:doing短語,done短語,being done短語,to be done短語修飾。其結構和意思如下:

  1. 被修飾名詞+doing短語: 正在做….的人/正在發生的事。

  2. 被修飾名詞+ done短語: 被…..的人/事

  3. 被修飾名詞+being done短語:正在被…..的人/事

  4. 被修飾名詞+ to be done短語:將要被…..的人/事

  (1)Do you know the man talking to my sister ?

  (2)The “crazy” gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means “you have a phone call” in Brazil.

  (3)Did you see that car being repaired ?

  (4)In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.

  (5)The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.

  (6)Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.

  (7)The Yellow River, said to be “the mother river” runs across China like a huge dragon.

  總結:以上做定語的那些短語就是英語語法中所說的分詞,不定式的各種形式作定語。

  1. 這些短語作定語應放在被修飾名詞的后面。如果單獨一個V-ing或V-ed形式作定語,則可以放在被修飾名詞前面。

  2. 分詞作定語時,其動作應與全句動作同時發生。V-ing表示主動意義和正在做,V-ed表示被動意義。being done表示正在被做的

  3. 不定式作定語表示將要發生的,to be done表示將要被做的

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