定語(yǔ)從句which和where區(qū)別
在我們的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)代，大家都沒少背知識(shí)點(diǎn)吧？知識(shí)點(diǎn)就是掌握某個(gè)問(wèn)題/知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)。掌握知識(shí)點(diǎn)是我們提高成績(jī)的關(guān)鍵！以下是小編為大家整理的定語(yǔ)從句which和where區(qū)別知識(shí)點(diǎn)，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
一、區(qū)別
關(guān)鍵是看從句中的動(dòng)詞。
1）如果是及物動(dòng)詞（顧名思義，就是必須要接物做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，或能用做被動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞），則表明從句缺賓語(yǔ)，修飾物用which.
2）如動(dòng)詞是不及物（顧名思義就是不需要接物做賓語(yǔ)的或要接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)前面必須要加介詞的，即用介賓的動(dòng)詞），則說(shuō)明從句不缺賓語(yǔ)，可能是狀語(yǔ)(或介賓）。表地點(diǎn)用where.時(shí)間用when.
二、例句
1）This is the town which I wanted to visit most.
這就是我曾經(jīng)最想?yún)⒂^的城鎮(zhèn)。
由于定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)部分的動(dòng)詞visit缺少賓語(yǔ),因此填入的關(guān)系詞要充當(dāng)它的賓語(yǔ),故用關(guān)系代詞which。
2）This is the town where I was born.
這就是我出生的城鎮(zhèn)。
定語(yǔ)從句“I was born”不缺少主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),而是缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),故用關(guān)系副詞where,這里where充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),修飾was born。
3） Literature is the place where the past meets the present to contemplate the future.
在文學(xué)作品里,過(guò)去與現(xiàn)實(shí)交匯,以思考未來(lái)。
這里,先行詞place表示地點(diǎn),而且定語(yǔ)從句中不缺少主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),需要的`是一個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)修飾meets,因而,此處用where來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
4） In fact, there are now so many deer that some are being sent to places which would like to return this kind of deer to the wild.
事實(shí)上,現(xiàn)在鹿群數(shù)量過(guò)多,以至于有些鹿被送到能使其回到野外的一些地方。
這句話中,先行詞places是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞,但是由于定語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ),所以用關(guān)系代詞which來(lái)引導(dǎo),而不使用關(guān)系副詞where來(lái)引導(dǎo)。
1、語(yǔ)法作用：
“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”在從句中主要起關(guān)系副詞的作用，即在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)：
�。�1）表示地點(diǎn)，時(shí)間和原因的“介詞＋which”分別相當(dāng)于where，when，why。
I have found the book in which the names of all the early satellites are mentioned.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（＝I have found the book. The names of all the early satellites are mentioned in it.）
The earth on which／where we live is a planet.
I”ll never forget the day on which／when I joined the League.
I know a wood in which／where you can find roses.
Is there any reason for which／why you should have a holiday？
（2）way后常用that代替in which，也可省略that。
I really don”t like the way that he talks.
That was the way in which the old lady looked after us.
Do it the way I showed you.
2、“of＋which”起形容詞的作用，相當(dāng)于whose（用來(lái)指物），其詞序通常是“n.＋of which”。
They live in a house whose door／the door of which opens to the south.
He”s written a book whose name／the name of which I”ve com- pletely forgotten.
3、可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
There is a rocket by which the direction of the satellite can be changed.（SEFC 2A L. 55）
We carefully studied the photos，in which we could see signs of plant disease.（SEFC 2A L. 55）
4、介詞的選擇（選擇介詞時(shí)須考慮下列情況）
�。�1）介詞與先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配
There is no way in which it could be brought back to the earth.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（in與way是習(xí)慣搭配）
（2）介詞與定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞，形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配
These are the wires with which different machines are connected.（be connected with是習(xí)慣搭配）
The author with whom all of us are familiar will visit our compa-ny.（be familiar with是習(xí)慣搭配）
�。�3）同形的先行詞，或定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞，形容詞表示不同的含義時(shí)，要根據(jù)其含義選用不同的介詞。
I can”t remember the age at which he won the prize.
That is the age in which people live in peace and happiness.
age在前句中意為“年歲”，與at搭配；在后句中意為“時(shí)期”，與in搭配。
�。�4）復(fù)雜介詞須保持其完整形式，常見的復(fù)雜介詞有on the top of，in the middle of，in front of，in spite of，at the back of，because of等。
We took a photo of rocket，the length of which was about 30me- tres.（SEFC 2A L. 55）
Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other.
They marched through the square，in the middle of which stood a monument.
�。�5）短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞不可與動(dòng)詞分開提至關(guān)系代詞前。常見的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)isten to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of，look into，break into，get rid of，take part in，make use of，take hold of，catch hold of，catch up with，get along with，look forward to等。此時(shí)可用which，who，whom或that，也可將他們省略。
（誤）This is the girl of whom he will take care.
�。ㄕ㏕his is the girl whom he will take careof.
�。�6）當(dāng)介詞與定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞或形容詞聯(lián)系緊密（但不是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）時(shí)，介詞也可放在動(dòng)詞或形容詞的后面。但當(dāng)介詞與從句中的動(dòng)詞或形容詞聯(lián)系不緊密時(shí)，則需將介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前。比較：
The space station which we drove to was in the desert.（SEFC 2A L. 55）
I”ll never forget the day in which I joined the Party.
后句中的in若置于句尾則有“孤零零”之感，這時(shí)宜將介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前；而前句中的to則可后置。
5、關(guān)系代詞的選擇
用于介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只有which，whom，前者指物，后者指人。
There are many research stations on the earth in which outer space is studied.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（which指代research stations）
We questioned the pilot，from whom we learnt that no other planes had been seen.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（whom指代the pilot）
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