定語從句用who whom
引導的定語從句的用法 who、 whom 可以引導定語從句, 修飾表示人的先行詞,那么,定語從句who whom怎樣用?
1、關系代詞引導的定語從句
1)who,whom,that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?(who/that在從句中作主語)
Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
2)Whose用來指人或物,(只用作定語,若指物,它還可以同ofwhich互換),
例如:
Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.
3)which,that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如:
Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.(which/that在句中作賓語)
Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.(which/that在句中作賓語)
關系代詞that和which都可以指物,that和Who都可以指人,其用法區別:
1)不用that的情況
a)在引導非限定性定語從句時
(錯)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.
b)介詞后不能用
Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.
c)多用who的情況
、訇P系代詞在從句中做主語
Afriendwhohelpsyouintimeofneedisarealfriend.
、谙刃性~為those,people時
Thosewhowereeitherfoolsorunfitfortheirofficescouldnotseethecloth.
③先行詞為all,anyone,ones,one指人時
Onewhodoesn’tworkhardwillneversucceedinhiswork.
、茉赥herebe句型中
Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeyou.
、菰诒环指舻亩ㄕZ從句中
AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.
、拊谟袃蓚定語從句的句子中,其一用who,其二用that,但若先行詞后接兩個以上的并列定語從句時,后一個必須重復前一個關系代詞。
Thestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatisverymodestandstudiesveryhard.
Thereisateacherwhoisalwaysreadytohelpothersandwhoenjoyswhathedoes.
2)只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的'情況
a)在不定代詞,如:anything,nothing,everything,all,much,few,any,little等作先行詞時,只用that,不用which。
Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.
Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.
b)先行詞有theonly,thevery,thejust修飾時,只用that。
Heistheverymanthathelpedthegirloutofthewater.
c)先行詞為序數詞(thelast)、數詞、形容詞最高級時,只用that。.
ThefirstEnglishbookthatIreadwas“ThePrinceandthePauper”byMarkTwin.
d)先行詞既有人,又有物時。
Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathevisited.
e)當主句是以who或which開始的特殊疑問句時,用that以避免重復。
Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate.
f)關系代詞在從句中做表語
Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.
2、關系副詞引導的定語從句
關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點、方式或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。
1)when,where,why,how
關系副詞when,where,why,how的含義相當于"介詞+which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+which"結構交替使用,例如:
Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.
Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.
Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?
I’msurprisedthewayhow(bywhich)heworksouttheproblem.
注意:
、僭诜窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句中,"介詞+which"結構不能代替關系副詞。
如:Theysetupastatefortheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.
、诤薪樵~短語的動詞一般不能拆開,介詞仍放在動詞后面。
Isthisthebookwhich(that)shewaslookingfor?
3、名詞/數詞/代詞/形容詞最高級+介詞+關系代詞引導定語從句
Shehaswrittenabook,thenameofwhichIhaveforgotten.
Therearefifty-fivestudentsinourclass,allofwhomareworkinghard.
Therearefivecontinentsintheworld,thelargestofwhichisAsia.
4、as,which引導非限定性定語從句的差別:
由as,which引導的非限定性定語從句,as和which可代整個主句,相當于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首,which在句中。
Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.
Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.
as可引導非限制性從句,常帶有'正如'的意思。
Asisknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.
用法區別:
(1)as引導的定語從句可置于句首,而which不可。
Asweallknow,heneversmokes.
(2)as代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時,從句中的謂語必須是系動詞;若為行為動詞,則從句中的關系代詞只能用which.。
(3)非限定性定語從句中出現expect,think,suppose等表示猜測、想象、預料等時。
Shesucceededinherdoingtheresearchwork,asweexpected.
(4)As的用法thesame…as;such…as中的as是一種固定結構,和……一樣……。
Ishouldliketousethesametoolasisusedhere.
Weshouldhavesuchadictionaryasheisusing.
這個是復制來的,有點多
簡單說呢就是who——人,whom——人的賓格(作賓語),that/which——事物
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