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定語從句中關系副詞的用法及解題技巧
定語從句中關系副詞的用法及解題技巧有哪些?以下是小編為大家收集的定語從句中關系副詞的用法及解題技巧,希望能夠幫助到大家。
定語從句中關系副詞的用法及解題技巧
1. 關系副詞VS關系代詞
先來看一看關系副詞和我們熟知的關系代詞有什么關聯。
以where為例,首先問大家一個問題,where是什么意思呢?“哪兒!”你肯定會毫不猶豫的給出這個答案,然后躲到電腦后,偷笑栗子問的問題太弱。其實不然。我們換個問題“Where are you?”翻譯成中文是“你哪兒?”還是“你在哪兒?”我想這次應該大家會毫不猶豫的選后者吧!沒錯,where確切翻譯應該是“在哪兒”,所以見到“Where did Tom live?”時,我們的答案是“Tom lived in Beijing.”而非“Tom lived Beijing.”
接下來回到正題,我們通過以下的等式替換來看看關系副詞和關系代詞的關系吧。首先有兩個簡單句:
We visited the city center. Tom lived in the city center.
針對這兩個簡單句我們做兩個設計:
1)把他們合并成一個由which引導的定語從句,不難得出是:We visited the city center in which Tom lived.
定語從句中which指代的正是city center,即which=the city center.
2)再針對第二個簡單句提一個問題:
Where did Tom live?
因為where是“在哪兒”所以它對應的答案是“in the city”而非“the city”,即where=in the city
綜合以上兩點which=the city center,where= in the city center,顯而易見where=in which,也就是說,關系副詞=介詞+關系代詞。所以該定語從句可以換種寫法就是:We visited the city where Tom lived.因為where在定語從句中指代是地點狀語,所以屬于關系副詞。相應的when指代時間狀語、why指代原因狀語。
2. 關系副詞用法的解題技巧:
見到時間詞關系詞一定用when嗎?未必!做題時切記一個原則:缺什么補什么。試比較以下兩道題:
1) The days are gone______ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.(2011天津)
2) The days ____ I spent in the village were full of adventure.
A. when B. where C. which
第一道雖說是一個經典的高考題,但我們初中聽說讀寫拔高上的不少小學霸都問過我這一道題。首先,必須承認這題比較有難度:從句子結構上看主干即The days are gone (那些日子已經結束了),后面緊跟的是一個定語從句,用來修飾主語The days的,只是因為定語從句太長放在句首會顯得整體頭重腳輕,所以放在了句尾和先行詞分割開來。然后我們需要做的就是判斷先行詞在定語從句中所作的成分了。從句主系表齊全,是個相對完成的句子,所以the days只能加上介詞在從句中只能做時間狀語,所以橫線上填when,或者根據我們解決掉的第一個問題填上during which也可以。
再看第二道,從句是I spent in the village,謂語spent缺少賓語,the days正是spent的賓語,所以不能填when,只能填which或that。
總的來說就是:做定語從句題目時,一定要看清從句中缺什么成分,或者看先行詞在從句中能做什么成分,只有在做狀語時才能夠選關系副詞。我們再來練一組題目:
1)This is the school _________my grandpa founded.
2)This is the school _________ my grandpa found his love.
第一題從句中founded是及物動詞“建立”,缺少了賓語,所以只能填關系代詞which或that;第二題從句中found“找到”有自己的賓語,從句主謂賓齊全,所以先行詞school只能加上介詞充當狀語成分,因為school是地點,所以只能填where了。
3. 關于where的特殊用法:
定語從句中where的使用已經不僅僅限于具體的地點,在一些模糊的地點名詞后也要使用where,比如:family, point, case, stage, job, society, situation, circumstances等。
看一個題目:
Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers____consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.(2008江西)
A. where B. when C. who D. which
本題同樣是一道經典的高考題目,首先要能夠分析出句子結構,找出先行詞。本句和之前見到的一個題目一樣,橫線后的定語從句本來是修飾cases的,同樣因為放前面頭重腳輕移到了后面,句子意思是“晚些在這個單元里,有一些由消費者的抱怨引發法律更改的案例會被介紹給讀者。”正確答案應該選A,cases相當于一個抽象地點,where在這里等于in the cases(在這些案例中)。
練習:
All the neighbors admire this family___ the parents are treating their child like a friend.
A. why B. where C. which D. whose
綜上,我們在學習定語從句中關系副詞的用法時一定要注意到以下幾點:
1. 關系副詞=介詞+關系代詞
2. 選關系詞的宗旨是:看從句缺什么句子成分,缺什么補什么;when指代時間狀語,where指代地點狀語,why指代原因狀語。
3. where的抽象化先行詞有:family, point, case, stage, job, society, situation, circumstances等。
定語從句中的關系副詞有三個:
when, where和why,它們在定語從句中分別作時間、地點和原因狀語。其句法結構如下:
1. when指時間,在定語從句中作時間狀語。
例句:I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
I’ll never forget the day when I joined the army.
2. where指地點,在定語從句中作地點狀語。
例句:The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
關系副詞“when”、“where”既可引導限制性定語從句,也可引導非限制性定語從句。
例如:I will always remember the day when I first visited the Great Wall.
He came to Shanghai in 1980, when he was only 12.
I don’t know the exact spot where they will meet.
Mr Wang will fly to Beijing, where he will stay for three months.
有時關系副詞“when”、“where”引導的限制性定語從句和先行詞有間隔的現象,是為了平衡句子的語法需要。
Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?
The days are gone forever when the Chinese people used “foreign oil.”.
3. why只用于reason之后的限制性定語從句中,在定語從句中作原因狀語。
例句:That is the reason why I did the job.(在現代英語中why可以省略)
上句也可以這樣表示:
That is the reason I did the job.
又如: This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature.
關系副詞在定語從句中的用法看似簡單,以下注意點不可忽視:
1)“when”、“where”和“why”的運用取就于表時間的名詞、表地點的名詞和表原因的名詞reason在定語從句中所作的成分,比較下面的幾組句子:
I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore.
I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School.
This is the hospital where my mother works.
This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday.
The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill.
This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office .
2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替換成“介詞 + which”,介詞的選用取就于先行詞和定語從句中的動詞。例如:
Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which=when)
This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where)
Do you know the reason for which he refused to go to Mary’s birthday party. (for which=why)
英語中的關系副詞由:where,when和 why。這三個關系副詞很多情況下,都可以用介詞+關系代詞來替換。
where=in /at /to+which;
when=in /on /at+which;
why=for +which.
有時定語從句中介詞短語和動詞有意義緊密的修飾關系,尤其在非限制性定語從句中,常使用“介詞 + which”結構,而不使用關系副詞。例如:
My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.
At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhouse.
3) “that”可活用為關系副詞,相當于“when, where、why”和“介詞 + which”結構,尤其在“the time when”等結構中的“when”常被“that”代替,而且“that”往往省略。
I may leave here any time I want to.
During the time I was there I visited him twice.
This is my second time I have come to your country.
1.It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.
A. that B. when C. which D. where
答案 D
解析 考查定語從句。先行詞是situation,指物,亦可指地點,關系詞在從句中做地點狀語,用關系副詞where,選D。
2. I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A. which B. where C. how D. why
答案 B
3 .After graduation she reached a point in her career she needed to decide what to do.A.that B.what C.which D.where
答案 D
解析 本題考查定語從句關系詞的確定。英語中,point/situation/case等作先行詞,其后的關系詞在定語從句中作狀語時,用關系副詞where(相當于in which)。該定語從句缺少地點狀語,因此用where。
4.Life is like a long race _____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.
A. why B. what C. that D. where
答案 D
5.Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
A.who B.which C.why D.when
答案 D
關系副詞用法
關系副詞兼有副詞與連接詞兩種作用,在不及物動詞的連接中要求用關系副詞。
關系副詞所引導的形容詞子句用于修飾主要子句中的某一名詞或代名詞,被修飾的詞稱作先行詞,關系副詞要放在先行詞之后。
例如:關系副詞when在定語從句中用作狀語,表示時間,用以修飾表示時間的先行詞。
關系副詞主要有三個,即when,where,why。此外that也可代替關系代詞引導代詞句子。
關系副詞=preposition(介詞)+relative pronoun(關系代詞)
例如:where=in which,when=on which,why=for which
這些關系副詞在從句中做狀語。
Would you please tell me the way to the zoo? 你能告訴我去動物園的路嗎?
the way是先行詞。
This is the place where(that) I first met her. 這是我第一次見到她的地方。
在口語中that可以充當關系副詞,代替when,why,how,只有先行詞是the place時,才可代替where。
A:When should we start to work?
B:The sooner (we start),the better (it will be). 我們應該什么時候開始工作? 越早越好。
the作關系副詞是引導副詞子句,句子結構一般為:The+比較級...+the+比較級...,第一個the是關系副詞。
time,day,year,place,house,reason,way等作先行詞時可以被省略,其后的子句不再是形容詞子句,而變成名詞子句或副詞子句。
中文:這是他出生的地方。
This iswhere he was born.(where he was born是名詞子句。)
This is the placewhere he was born.(where he was born是形容詞子句。)
中文:我將在第一次見到她的地方見她。
Ill meet her at the placewhere I first met her.(where I first met her是形容詞子句。)
Ill meet herwhere I first met her.(where I first met her是副詞子句。)
關系副詞有限定用法,指的是關系副詞引導的形容詞子句只修飾先行詞。
We were very happy in those dayswhen we studied in school.我們在學校里上學的那些日子里很快樂。
關系副詞有補述用法,即關系副詞引導的是對等子句而不是形容詞子句,主要用于對主要子句中的不足之處加以補充,前面都要加逗點與主要子句分開。
Tom got married the day before yesterday,when it was his birthday too.湯姆前天結婚了,那天也是他的生日。
wherever,whenever,however是復合關系副詞,表示"不論",引導一個修飾主要子句里的動詞的副詞子句,可加強語氣或表示讓步。
【參見關系形容詞】
Wherever he goes,he would bring an umbrella with him. 不論他去那里,他都帶著一把雨傘。
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