限定性定語從句講解
限制性定語從句對被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用,使該詞的含義更具體,更明確。下面是小編為大家推薦限定性定語從句的內容,希望能夠幫助到你,歡迎大家的閱讀參考。
關系代詞
⒈ that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它們在從句中作主語或賓語,that在從句中作賓語時常可省略代詞,which在從句中作賓語可以省略。[eg:this is the book which you want。]而且,如果which在從句中作“不及物動詞+介詞”的介詞的賓語,注意介詞不要丟掉,而且介詞總是放在關系代詞which的前邊,但有的則放在它原來的位置
⒉ which作賓語時,根據先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關系,先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟(eg.I lost my key in the theatre where I saw this film=====I lost my key in the theatre in which I saw this film.)
⒊ 代表物時多用which,但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which,這些詞包括當先行詞是anything,everything,nothing,none等不定代詞時,或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修飾時等,這時的that常被省略 還有先行詞前有序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時,或先行詞就是序數詞或最高級時.以及先行詞中既有人又有物時.還有句中前面有which時,都只能用that
⒋ who和whom引導的從句用來修飾人,分別作從句中的主語和賓語,whom作賓語時,要注意它可以作動詞的`賓語也可以作介詞的賓語
關系副詞
關系副詞=介詞+關系代詞
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介詞同先行詞搭配)
when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介詞同先行詞搭配)
whose=of which/ whom
⒈ where是關系副詞,用來表示地點的定語從句
⒉ when引導定語從句表示時間[注]值得一提的是,表示時間“time"一詞的定語從句只用when引導,有時不用任何關系代詞,當然也不用that引導
By the time you arrive in London,we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip,he brings a lot of living necessities,such as towels,soap,toothbrush etc.
⒊ whose是關系代詞,修飾名詞作定語,相當于所修飾成分的前置所有格.它引導的從句可以修飾人和物,當它引導的從句修飾物體時,可以與 of which 調換,表達的意思一樣.
⒋ 當從句的邏輯主語是some,any,no,somebody,anybody,nobody,something,anything,everything或nothing時,常用there is來引導
There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 這里有人要和你說話。
練習題
1. Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales A. which B. that
C. when
D. where 2. Care of the soul is a gradual process ______ even the small details of life should be considered.
A. what B. in what C. which D. in which 3. We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when
C. to whom
D. on which 4. The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
A. that
B. which
C. whose
D. what
5. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _____ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which
B. where
C. what
D. who
6. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,each of ______ uses it somewhat
differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those 7. Children who are not active or _____ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A. what
B. whose
C. which
D. that
【解析】
1. D。“position”為先行詞,后面是其定語從句,關系詞在從句中作的是地點狀語,因此,應該使用關系副詞“where”來引導定語從句。因此,正確答案為D選項。
2. D。process意為“過程”;分析從句結構,從句為完整的被動結構,in which(the process)作從句的狀語。
3. B。when引導定義從句,在從句中做時間狀語,修飾先行詞an age(時代). 此處的when=at which。
4. C。句意:該獎項將會頒發給其作品最具有想象力的作者。 先行詞為the writer, 代入定語從句后為:The writer’s story shows the most imagination.,由此可見,先行詞在定語從句中作story的定語,故答案為C項。
5. A。句意:她具有給學生營造一種允許他們自由交流的氛圍的天賦。分析句子結構可知,定語從句“_____ allows them to communicate freely with each other”修飾先行詞atmosphere,將先行詞代入從句后為:The atmosphere allows them to communicate freely with each other,由此可知先行詞在定語從句中作主語,而且指代物,所以需用關系代詞which,故正確答案為A項。
6. A。句意:英語是一種被幾種不同文化共有的語言,每種文化使用英語多少有些不同。本題考查非限制性定語從句。先行詞為cultures,將先行詞代入定語從句后為:Each of the cultures uses it somewhat differently,由此可見先行詞在定語從句中作介詞of的賓語,且of被提前,故答案為A項。what不能引導定語從句,故被排除;如選C項,需在each of前加并列連詞。
7. B。句意:那些不是很活躍,或者飲食中熱量太高的孩子會很快長胖。先行詞為children。 or連接兩個并列的定語從句,第一個定語從句的關系詞為who,第二個關系詞為考查點,先行詞children在第二個定語從句中與從句中的主語diet形成所屬關系:children’s diet,故選擇B項。
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