定語從句的考點歸納

　　定語可以由形容詞、名詞、代詞、分詞、不定式以及介詞短語等來擔任，也可以由一個句子來充當，充當定語功能的句子稱為定語從句。下面是小編幫大家整理的定語從句的考點歸納，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。

　　定語從句的考點歸納

　　定語從句是中學英語教學的重點，也是學生學習的難點，同時又是高考考查的熱點。縱觀近年各地高考試題，就能發現考點大多集中在帶有"插入語"的定語從句；which 、as 引導的非限定性定語從句； where 、 when引導的定語從句以及定語從句和強調句、同位語從句的區別等方面。對定語從句的考查不單純考查其語法結構，而是把它融入到一定的語境中，考查考生的實際綜合運用能力。

　　定語從句的考點之一

　　正確區分關系代詞that引出的定語從句功能強，除不能作定語(用whose)外，其它幾個功能都可用that。但命題角度主要以that與which指物時的區別為重點進行命制。

　　例如：

　　（1）——Do you have anything in mind _________ you'd like for supper?

　　——Well, _________ is OK with me.

　　A. that ; anything B. which ; everything

　　C. what ; whatever D. where ; something

　　選A。

　　（2）The wrong you've done him is terrible, for ______ you should make an apology to him, I think.

　　A. this B. which

　　C. what D. that

　　選B。

　　定語從句的考點之二

　　正確區分關系代詞(that或which)與關系副詞when(表時間)、where(表地點)、why(表原因)。重點根據定語從句中所缺成分（即關系詞在定語從句中作狀語時，使用關系副詞when (on which); where(in which); why(for which)；在定語從句中作作主語、賓語或表語時，使用that或which。）來確定是用關系代詞還是關系副詞，絕不能因先行詞是時間名詞就用when，是地點名詞就用where，是reason就用why來確定。因此，認準先行詞只是選擇關系詞的一個方面，更重要的是看其在后面定語從句中充當什么句子成分。

　　例如：

　　（3）He should stand near the stage ________ he could watch and follow the play.

　　A. where B. when

　　C. that D. there

　　選A。

　　（4）Do you think the reason _______ he gave is believable.

　　A. for which B. which

　　C. why D. what

　　選B。

　　（5）We are living in an age _______ many things are done on computer.

　　A. which B. that

　　C. whose D. when

　　選D。

　　定語從句的考點之三

　　當先行詞在定語從句中作主語時，應注意主謂語的一致性及被動語態問題。尤其要注意在考題中不用定語從句，而是用分詞短語作定語。

　　例如：

　　（6）The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

　　A. having written B. to be written

　　C. being written D. written 選D。

　　（7）The train that stands at platform 7 / standing at platform 7 is for Wuhan.

　　（8）Any article that is left in these buses / left in these buses will be taken at once to the Lost Property Office.

　　定語從句的考點之四

　　定語從句中不能再重復與先行詞有關的代詞或副詞。必須牢記定語從句中關系詞已經替代先行詞并且在定語從句中已經充當其成分，故不能再用相關的代詞或副詞。

　　例如：

　　（8）He made another wonderful discovery, _______ of great importance to science.

　　A. which I think it is B. which I think is

　　C. which I think it D. I think which is

　　選B。

　　（9）This is the hospital _____ they visited last year and is the one _____ I worked in five years ago.

　　A.that；where B.where；that

　　C.where；where D.that；that

　　選D。

　　（10）There are dirty marks on her trousers ________ she had wiped her hands.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. where D. when

　　選C。

　　定語從句的考點之五

　　對介詞后接關系代詞而不接關系副詞的考查；當關系代詞作介詞賓語，且該介詞不是和從句的謂語動詞構成固定短語時，介詞可以提前，這樣就出現"介詞+關系代詞"。先行詞指物，用"介詞+which", 指人則用"介詞+whom", 且兩個關系代詞均不能省略，介詞的選擇要遵循兩個原則：

　　1.根據定語從句中謂語動詞與先行詞的搭配內容而定。

　　2.根據先行詞特殊用法而定。

　　例如：

　　（11）This flower doesn't do well in soil other than the one_____ it has been specially developed.

　　A.for which B.that

　　C.of which D.where 選A。

　　（12）Anyway, that evening, ____I will tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel's place.

　　A. when B. where

　　C. what D. which

　　選D。

　　定語從句的考點之六

　　關系代詞as的考查。關系代詞as引導限制性定語從句時既可指人又可指物。它只能替代由such，the same等修飾的先行詞；as引導非限制性定語從句時，可放于句首，句中或置于句尾，而which則只能置于主句之后。但如果定語從句為否定句或表示否定意義，使用which。As引導的定性定語從句有"正如"之意，而which引導的沒有。

　　例如：

　　（13）Our teacher set us such a difficult maths problem _____ we could not work out.

　　A. that B. which

　　C. as D. even

　　選C。

　　（14）Carl said the work would be done by October , _______ personally I doubt very much.

　　A. it B. that

　　C. when D. which

　　選D。

　　（15）________ is reported in the newspaper , talks between the two countries are making progress.

　　A. It B. As

　　C. That D. What

　　選B。

　　定語從句的考點之七

　　解題時要注意題干的內容和句子的結構，（進行必要的語法分析，弄清句子結構。）再行答題。

　　例如：

　　（16）The teacher wanted to teach us ___ he knew at this last lesson.

　　A. all which B. all what

　　C. of which D. everything which

　　選B。

　　（17）Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment , _______ I will always treasure.

　　A. that B. one C. it D. what 選B。

　　（18） Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _____went wrong again.

　　A. it repair B. it repaired

　　C. repaired D. to be repaired

　　選C。

　　（19）______is well-known that Antarctica is difficult to reach

　　A. It B. What

　　C. As D. Which

　　選 A

　　（20）_______is well-known , Antarctica is difficult to reach.

　　A. It B. What

　　C. As D. which

　　選C。

　　（21）_______is well-known is that Antarctica is difficult to reach.

　　A. It B. What

　　C. As D. which

　　選B。

　　雖然定語從句的結構和用法比較復雜，但只要從定語從句的形式上、結構上和用法上來分析理解和比較，就一定就能把握定語從句的用法。

　　定語從句“三要素”

　　1.先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞

　　①指人的先行詞

　　②指物的先行詞

　　★先行詞還可以是前面整個句子所敘述的事情。

　　He has passed the driving test,whichsurprises all of us. (which替代前面所敘述的事情) 先行詞

　　2.關系詞：引導定語的詞

　　(1)關系詞的作用

　　①替代前面的先行詞（替代作用）

　　②連接主句和定語從句（連接作用）

　　③在定語從句中作句子成分（成分作用）

　　(2)關系詞的分類

　　①標準：根據關系詞在從句中做的句子成分種類

　　②關系代詞：在從句中做 主，賓，表，定

　　（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）

　　③關系副詞：在從句中作狀語(When/where/why)

　　3.定語從句：用來做定語，修飾限定先行詞的句子

　　定語從句的分類

　　1.限制性定語從句：對先行詞起限定修飾作用。

　　He is a teacherwhoworks at our school.

　　2.非限制性定語從句：對先行詞起補充說明作用(先行詞與定語從句之間有逗號隔開)

　　Beijing,whichis the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.

　　比較：

　　He has two sons, who work in the same company.

　　(He has only two sons.)

　　He has two sons who work in the same company.

　　(Perhaps he has two more sons)

　　定語從句的10個難點

　　1.關系代詞的省略(限定性定語從句)

　　(1)關系代詞在定語從句中作賓語

　　She is the girl (whom / that)I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)

　　(2)關系代詞在定語從句中作表語

　　He is no longer the boy (that)he used to be. (可以省略that)

　　(3)關系代詞作介詞賓語，介詞在從句句尾時可以省略

　　Housing price is a problem(that/which) people are interested in.

　　比較：

　　Housing price is a problemin whichpeople are interested.（此時只能用which且不能省略）

　　2.先行詞是人(that/who的區別)

　　(1)用that的情況

　　①以疑問詞who開頭的句子中

　　Who is the manthatis shouting there?

　　②關系代詞在從句中作表語時

　　She is not the girlthatshe used to be.

　　③先行詞被the very, the right, the only修飾

　　This is the very personthatwe are looking for.

　　(2)用who的情況

　　①先行詞是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等

　　Thosewhowant to go to the cinemawill have towait at the gate of the school.

　　②句子中有兩個定語從句,一個用了that,另外一個用who

　　Who is the boythatwon the gold medal?

　　③在there be 結構中

　　There are many young menwhoare against him.

　　④在非限定性定語從句當中

　　Tom,whois my best friend,has gone abroad to study.

　　3.先行詞是物(that / which的區別)

　　(1)用which的情況

　　①在非限定性定語從句中

　　She lost the game,whichdepressed her greatly.

　　②關系詞置于介詞之后，作賓語

　　The penwith whichyou writeis Jack's.

　　③先行詞是that或定語從句中套定語從句,一個關系詞用that,另一個用which.

　　Let me show you the novelthatI borrowed from the librarywhichis newly open to us.

　　(2)用that的情況

　　①先行詞是不定代詞如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等

　　She did allthatshe couldto help us.

　　②先行詞被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right，the last等所修飾時

　　This is the very bookthatI want.

　　③先行詞中既有人又有物時

　　She described in her compositions the people andhe placesthatimpressed her most.

　　④先行詞前有序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時

　　This is the best bookthatI have ever read.

　　This is the first filmthatI've seensince I came here.

　　⑤定語從句中套定語從句，其中一個關系詞以用which, 另外一個用that

　　He built a factorywhichproduced thingsthathad never been seen before.

　　⑥當主句的主語是疑問詞which,另一個用that

　　Who is the personthatis standing at the gate?

　　4.As引導定語從句用法

　　(1)As 既可以引導限制性定語從句也可以用于非限定性定句中充當主語，賓語，表語等。

　　常用于以下句型當中：Such/so….. as…. 像…..一樣 the same …. as… 和…...同樣的

　　A computer issouseful a machineaswe can use everyday.

　　He is notthe samemanashe was.

　　(2)引導非限制性定語從句，此時譯為“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。

　　As I remember, there were a net bar here.

　　Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all.

　　★the same as...和the same that...引導定語從句的區別

　　This isthe samebikethatI lost yesterday.(同一事物)

　　This isthe samebikeasI lost yesterday. （同類事物）

　　5.關系副詞的運用

　　(1)When 在定語從句中做時間狀語，先行詞為表示時間的time, day等

　　I still remember the daywhenI first came to Beijing. (when=on which)

　　(2)Where 在定語從句中做地點狀語，先行詞為表地點的place, spot等

　　Can you tell me the officewherehe works?

　　(where = in which)

　　(3)Why 在定語從句中做原因狀語，先行詞只有reason.

　　I don't want to listen to any reasonwhyyou were absent.

　　(why = for which)

　　★ 關系副詞 = 相應的介詞 + 關系代詞

　　★ Where引導的定語從句還可以修飾抽象空間的名詞如case(情形)，situation, position(位置),stage (階段)，point（地步）等

　　What are the situationswherebody languageis the only form of communication?

　　在哪些情況下身體語言是唯一的溝通方式。(此時where = in which)

　　6.幾個特殊的先行詞

　　(1)way在定語從句中做狀語時的三種引導方式 that / in which / 不填

　　The wayin which / that / 不填he explains the sentence to us is quite simple.

　　比較：The way which /that/不填 he told to us was quite simple.

　　★way在定語中作tell的賓語

　　(2)先行詞time

　　time表示“次數”時，用關系代詞that引導定語從句

　　This is the first timethatthe president has visited the country.

　　time作“一段時間” 講時，應用關系副詞when

　　This was the timewhenthere were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets

　　★此時when = during which 在..期間

　　(3)先行詞reason當在定語從句中作狀語時，定語從句的4種引導方式 why/for which/that/不填

　　This is the reasonwhy/for which/that/不填he can not come here.

　　比較：Is this the reason that/which/不填he explained to us for his absence from the conference.

　　★reason 在定語從句中做explain的賓語

　　7.介詞+關系代詞

　　★該結構的關系代詞只有兩種即 介詞+which（指物） 介詞+whom（指人）

　　★該結構介詞的選用原則：

　　(1)根據定語從句中謂語動詞的習慣搭配

　　This is the bookon whichI spent $ 8.

　　This is the bookfor whichI paid $ 8.

　　(2)根據先行詞的搭配習慣

　　I remember the daysduring whichI lived there.

　　I remember the dayon whichI graduated from university.

　　(3)根據整個句子所表達的意思來決定

　　The colorless gaswithout whichwe can't live is called oxygen.

　　(4)英語中為了強調某一名詞，不定式前面也可以加上關系代詞

　　Here is the money with whichto buy the piano.

　　She is the right person on whom to depend

　　注意：

　　①如果介詞后移，關系代詞可以省略

　　The person (whom/who/that) you will write to is Todd.

　　②有些含有介詞的動詞短語介詞不能提前如look for/after; take care of; send for; hear from/of/about deal with等

　　This is the baby that you will look after.

　　8.定語從句的主謂一致

　　(1)當先行詞是 one of + 復數名詞，定語從句的位于動詞要用復數形式

　　The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildingsthatdraw lots of visitorevery year.

　　(2)當先行詞是 the only + one of +復數名詞，從句謂語用單數形式

　　The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earththatis seen from themoon.

　　(3)先行詞如果是整個句子，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數

　　Great changes have taken place in China,asis known to all.

　　He has passed the driving test,whichsurprises all of us.

　　9.定語從句的轉化

　　定語從句可以轉換為 –ing或-ed形式

　　The girl(who is) dancing nowjust returned from Taiwan.

　　I love the stories(which were) written by Hemingway.

　　The man(who stands) standing thereis my friend.

　　10.定語從句的解題方法

　　(1)判斷從句是否為定語從句 （先行詞，關系詞，定語從句）

　　(2)準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、賓、表、定、狀)從而正確選定使用關系代詞或關系副詞

　　注意：

　　①關系代詞whose的用法。Whose在定語從句中做定語。

　　當先行詞是人：whose = the + 名詞 + of whom

　　當先行詞是物：whose = the + 名詞 + of which

　　Do you know the boy whose parents / the parents of whom are on holiday?

　　I'd like a room whose window / the window of which faces the sea.

　　②That引導定語從句，名詞性從句 和 強調句型的區別:

　　定語從句中的that: 關系代詞，在后面的定語從句中做句子成分。

　　名詞性從句中的that：從屬連詞，只起連接主從句的作用，在從句中不做句子成分。

　　強調句中的that, 運用于it is/was…that..結構；判斷標準：去掉強調句型結構，成分仍然完整。

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