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定語從句的考點
在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。定語從句的考點有哪些?大家知道嗎?下面小編為大家帶來定語從句的考點,僅供參考,希望能夠幫到大家。
定語從句的考點
1. that 與which 在指代物時的用法區別
that 和which都可以引導先行詞為物的定語從句,但是用法有區別:
① 只能用that的五種情況
a. 先行詞為不定代詞或先行詞由不定代詞修飾時
b. 先行詞前有最高級或序數詞修飾時
c. 先行詞即有人又有物時
d. 先行詞前有the very, the only修飾時
e. 主句為which,或who 引導的特殊疑問句時
② 只能用which的兩種情況
a. 非限定性定語從句中
b. 介詞之后引導定語從句時
2.which與as的區別
as 和which 都可以引導非限制性定語從句,三種情況下只能用as,不能用which
a. as置于句首引導定語從句時(As we know,…)
b. as 含有“正如”之意(…as we expected)
c. 先行詞前有such, the same 修飾時(…such an easy question as the little boy can answer.)
3. who、whom、that 的區別
a.先行詞為those或people 時,常用關系代詞who,不用that
b.介詞之后用關系代詞whom引導定語從句
4. whose 用法
whose+n. 引導定語從句的結構是定語從句的一個考查熱點,此結構可以換成是the+n.+of+which引導定語從句或者可以換成是of which +the+n.
e.g.The man pulled out a gold watch, the hands of which were made of small diamonds.
whose hands / of which the hands
5. 介詞+關系代詞引導定語從句的用法
a. 介詞之后的關系代詞只能用which(先行詞為物)或者是whom(先行詞為人)
b. 介詞的選擇方法有三個原則:一“先”二“動”三“意義”
I lost my pen, with which I took notes. (先行詞為pen,使用鋼筆用with)
This is the house in which he lives. (定語從句中謂語動詞live為不及物動詞)
The gas is oxygen without which we can’t live. (根據句意決定)
6. 先行詞為way時
先行詞為way,在定語從句中作狀語時,用that,in which引導定語從句,也可以省略關系詞。
e.g. I don’t like the way(that/in which) he speaks to his parents.
7. 關系副詞when、where、when引導定語從句的具體用法
① 先行詞表示時間、地點、原因時,在定語從句中作狀語,選擇相應的關系副詞when、where、why引導定語從句。若其在定語從句中作主語或賓語,則選擇關系代詞引導定語從句。區別三組例句:
where he lives.
a. This is the place
that/which he visited last year.
when my brother was a little boy.
b. I still remember the time
that/which we spent together.
why he was late.
c. This is the reason
that/which he gave us.
②某些非地點時間名詞有定語從句修飾,關系詞在從句中作狀語,由where引導定語從句(stage, case, point, situation);同樣用法的還有occasion,由when引導定語從句。
e.g. I can think of many cases where students know a lot of words but don’t write a good essay.
There are many occasions when people don’t know what they want.
8. 定語從句中的謂語動詞
關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,定語從句中的謂語動詞應該與先行詞保持一致。
e.g. Anyone who wants to have a holiday puts up your hand.
Those who want to have a holiday put up your hand.
This is one of the students who have passed the exam.
This is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.
9. 區分定語從句和其他句型
①區別于簡單句和并列句
most of whom are boys. (定語從句)
There are 70students in our class , and most of them are boys. (并列句)
Most of them are boys. (簡單句)
②區別于強調句型
It is in the factory that he works. (強調句型)
It is the factory where he works. (定語從句)
It is in the classroom (where we have classes) that the meeting will be held.
(定語從句修飾先行詞the classroom)
(強調句型,強調部分為介詞短句in the classroom)
③區別于同位語從句
that she had passed the exam (同位語從句:對名詞解釋說明)
The news excited us.
that he told us (定語從句:對名詞修飾限定)
④區別于狀語從句
Do you know the time when the class is over? (定語從句,有先行詞)
Let’s play games when the class is over.(時間狀語從句,無先行詞)
Put the book where it belongs. (地點狀語從句,無先行詞)
10. 定語從句中關系詞的省略
定語從句中,作賓語的關系代詞可以省略,介詞之后的關系代詞不可省略。
This is the house which he lives in. (√)
This is the house he lives in. (√)
This is the house in which he lives. (√)
This is the house in he lives. (×)
定語從句的概念
在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
定語從句的關系詞
引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞,常見的關系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關系副詞包括where, when, why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。
定語從句的分類
根據定語從句與先行詞的關系,定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號分開,從句不可省去,非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開,起補充說明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
關系代詞的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語,作主語時不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主語或賓語,作主語不可省略,作賓語可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語,whom用作賓語。在口語中,有時可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)
注意:(1)當定語從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時,who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關系代詞前時,只能用“介詞+which/whom”結構。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。
(2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個人。
(3)that 作介詞的賓語時,介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠。
(4)關系詞只能用that的情況:
a. 先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個通過考試的人。
b.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?
c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。
d. 先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句,為避免重復,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?
f.主句是there be 結構,修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。
(5)關系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況:
a.先行詞為that, those時,用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?
b.關系代詞前有介詞時,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。
c.引導非限制性定語從句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來了,這使我們很高興。
五、關系副詞的用法
(1)when指時間,其先行詞表示時間,在句中作時間狀語。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。
(2)where指地點,其先行詞表示地點,在句中作地點狀語。例如:
This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點。
(3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒人知道他為什么上學總遲到。
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