定語從句who和which的區別
關于定語從句who和which的區別 大家了解過多少呢?可能很多人都不是很清楚,下面就是小編分享的 定語從句who和which的區別介紹,一起來看一下吧。
定語從句who和which的區別 篇1
一、后接名詞時的區別
當用作定語修飾其后接名詞時,只用which和what,不能用who。which和what的區別是:前者用于選擇范圍較小或較明確的場合,后者用于選擇范圍較大或不明確的場合。如:
Which color do you like, black or white? 黑色和白色,你喜歡哪種?
Which is bigger, the sun or the earth? 太陽和地球哪個大?
What color is your car? 你的汽車是什么顏色的?
但是,若指人,即使選擇的范圍不明確,也可用which。如:
Which [What] writers do you like? 你喜歡哪些作家?
二、其后不接名詞時的區別
當其后不接名詞時,三者均可用,which和what的用法區別依然是:前者用于選擇范圍較小或較明確的場合,后者用于選擇范圍較大或不明確的場合。如:
Which is in the box, the red one or the black one? 哪一個在盒子里,是紅色的那個還是黑色的那一個?
What is in the box? 盒子里裝的是什么東西?
至于who,它一般只用來指人,不管選擇范圍大還是小、明確還是不明確均可用。如:
Who won –– Tom or Mike? 誰贏了,是湯姆還是邁克?
Who is your favorite poet? 你最喜歡的詩人是誰?
注:當選擇范圍比較明確且用作賓語時,who也可以用which或which one代之。如:
Who [Which / Which one] do you like better, your father or your mother? 你更喜歡誰,父親還是母親?
三、與else以及of短語搭配時的`區別
1. 正由于what和who的選擇范圍可以很大或不明確,所以其后可以跟 else,但一般不跟表示特定范圍的of短語。如:
What else have you bought? 你還買了些什么?
Who else was at the party? 聚會上還有誰?
在你的老師之中,你最喜歡哪一位?
正:Which of your teachers do you like best?
誤:Who [What] of your teachers do you like best?
我們當中誰去洗衣服?
正:Which of us is going to do the washing?
誤:Who of us is going to do the washing?
這些詞典當中哪一本是你的?
正:Which of these dictionaries is yours?
誤:What of these dictionaries is yours?
2. 而which 的選擇范圍相對比較小或明確,所以其后一般不接else,但卻常與表特定范圍的of短語連用:
Which of the three girls is the oldest? 這三個女孩中哪個年紀最大?
Which of the boys is the strongest? 這些男孩當中,哪一個力氣最大?
你還要點別的什么嗎?
正:What else would you like?
誤:Which else would you like?
四、口語中的用法區別
比較以下三組對話,注意體會它們的區別:
A:Who is he? 他是誰?
B:He is Mary’s husband. 他是瑪麗的丈夫。
注:Who is he? 的意思是要了解他的一些情況。
A:What is he? 他是干什么的?
B:He is an English teacher. 他是英語教師。
注:What is he? 的意思是詢問他的職業。
A:Which is he? 哪位是他?
B:The one by the window. 窗戶邊的那位。
注:Which is he? 的意思是要在幾個人中辨別要找的人。
定語從句who和which的區別 篇2
在定語從句中,關系代詞which和 that都可指物,一般情況下,可以互換使用。但在下列情況下值得注意:
A. 只能用that而不能用which的情形
(1) 當先行詞為:all, little, few, much, none 及 some-, any-, no-, every- 與 thing 所組成的復合單詞時,只能用that。如:
There is nothing that will stop us making progress. 沒有事情會阻止我們進步。
(2) 當先行詞前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very等形容詞修飾時,只能用that。如:
This is the only problem that we can’t work out. 這是我們不能解決的唯一的一個問題。
(3) 當先行詞由形容詞的最高級或序數詞修飾時,只能用that。如:
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 這是我讀過的最有趣的書。
(4) 當先行詞同時包括人和物時,只能用that。如:
Luxun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great. 人們認為我們所熟識的魯迅及其作品都很偉大。
(5) 當先行詞在定語從句中作表語時,只能用that。如:
This is a book that I have been looking for since last week. 這就是那本自上周以來我一直在尋找的書。
(6) 當主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時,只能用that。如:
Which is the picture that you drew yesterday? 你昨天畫的那張畫是哪一張?
B. 只能用which而不能用that的情形
(1) 當非限制性定語從句中的先行詞指物時,只能用which。如:
The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing. 那個鉛筆盒,我上周買的,現在不見了。
(2) 關系代詞前面有介詞時,只能用which。如:
The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down. 我們過去常在下面休息的那棵樹已砍掉了。
(3) 先行詞為代詞that或that所修飾時,只能用which。如:
I don’t take that which is too expensive. 我不要太貴的那一個。
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