as 在定語從句的用法
英語是一種西日耳曼語支，最早被中世紀(jì)的英國使用，并因其廣闊的殖民地而成為世界使用面積最廣的語言。下面是小編為大家整理的as 在定語從句的用法，歡迎閱讀與收藏。
as 在定語從句的用法1
一、as引導(dǎo)定語從句與其它詞連用
A．用于the same．．．a(chǎn)s．．．結(jié)構(gòu)中
This is the same sickle as I lost yesterday．這把鐮刀和我昨天丟的那把一樣。
We drove out of the town by the same road as we had entered by．我們沿著進(jìn)城的同一道路開車出城。
This is the same material as is used in building the bridge．這和建那座橋所用的材料一樣。
注意：在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，as有時(shí)可以由that代替。例如：
I live in the same district as ／that he lives in．我和他住在同一區(qū)。
但兩者亦有區(qū)別：
1．當(dāng)定語從句省略謂語部分時(shí)，要用as。例如：
She uses the same scent as you（do）／that you do．她用的香水和你的一樣。
This book of his is the same as yours．他的這本書和你的那本一樣。
2．在容易引起歧義時(shí)，慎用as和that。例如：
This is the same knife as I lost last week．
（一般理解為：這把刀和我上周丟的那把相似。也可理解為：這是我上周丟的那把刀。）
This is the same knife that I lost last week．這是我上周丟的那把刀。
3．that在現(xiàn)代英語中可作關(guān)系副詞，而as則不可。例如：
I live in the same district that he lives．（不可用as。）
B．用于such．．．a(chǎn)s．．．結(jié)構(gòu)中
I never heard such stories as he tells．我從未聽過像他講的那種故事。
He was in such a fury as I've never seen．他怒氣之大，我從沒見過。
Such women as knew Tom thought he was charming．認(rèn)識(shí)湯姆的女人都認(rèn)為他很有魅力。
注：有時(shí)such和as連在一起用。例如：
We had hoped to give you a chance such as nobody else ever had．我們本希望給你一次別人不曾有過的機(jī)會(huì)。
We are living in a new era such as has never existed before．我們生活在前所未有的新時(shí)代。
C．用于“so＋adj．＋a（n）＋n．（單數(shù)）＋as結(jié)構(gòu)中
We witnessed so great a parade as nobody ever dreamt of in preliberation days．我們見到在解放前沒有人曾經(jīng)夢想過的一次盛大的。
I'm not so strong a man as I was．我已不像從前一樣健康了。
He's never written again so good a book as his first one．他再也沒寫出像他的第一部那么好的書。
D．用于“as＋adj．＋n．＋as比較結(jié)構(gòu)中
He is as learned a professor as works in the uni- versity．他是在這所大學(xué)工作的教授中最有學(xué)問的一個(gè)。
Some people have no doubt that their cat understands as many words as does a dog．許多人相信他們的`貓跟狗懂的話一樣多。
They are as fine women as ever walked．她們可以與任何卓越的女性媲美。
注：as．．．a(chǎn)s．．．后面加上ever以加強(qiáng)語氣，表示“不亞于任何……”，“不弱于……”，有最高級的意味。又如：
He is as brave a man as ever lived．他是世界上最勇敢的人。
二、as單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)定語從句
A．a(chǎn)s單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞，但更為常見的是：它的先行詞是整個(gè)主句，有時(shí)也可以是一個(gè)短語。例如：
The two brothers were satisfied with this decision，as was agreed to beforehand兩兄弟對此決定都很滿意，這項(xiàng)決定事前已得到他們的同意。（先行詞是decision）
She is late，as is often the case．她遲到了，這是經(jīng)常的事。（先行詞是整個(gè)主句）
He married her，as was natural．他和她結(jié)婚了，這是很自然的。（先行詞是整個(gè)主句）
To shut your eyes to facts，as many of you do，is foolish．視而不見———你們好多人都是如此———是愚蠢的。（先行詞是整個(gè)不定式短語）
B．a(chǎn)s與which的區(qū)別
三、as引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法比較
1.as作為關(guān)系代詞可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句， 主要用于such...as，the same...as，so...as，as...as等結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：
（15）Let’s deal with such problems as concern us.
（16）The purpose of the conductor is to transmit the electrical energy with as little loss as is practicable.
（17）There are so many tickets available as are asked for.
（18）She wears the same watch as I do.（同一類）
（19）This is the same watch that I lost yesterday.（同一個(gè)）
在（15）句中，as指代such修飾的名詞“problem”，并在從句中作主語成分；（16）句中，第二個(gè)as指代第一個(gè)as所修飾的“l(fā)ittle loss”; （17） 句中as 指代so 修飾的名詞“tickets”; 在（18） 句中，as 指代“the same” 修飾的名詞“clothes”， 在從句中作賓語； 此情況下不能用that和which來代替as引導(dǎo)定語從句。
比 較：在（18）句中，as指代的先行詞表同一類，強(qiáng)調(diào)種類一樣。而在（19）中that指代的先行詞雖然也被“the same”修飾，但是此時(shí)先行詞表示同一個(gè)。
2.as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句比較。
as和which都可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，代替整個(gè)句子。但是具體使用方法是有區(qū)別的，請看下面的例句比較：
（20）As we known，Yao Ming is the most famous basketballplayer in China.
（21）The number of the people，as we had expected，was overthree thousand.
（22）The sun gives off light and warmth，which makes it possiblefor living creatures to grow.
（23）She is very beautiful，which makes others jealous.
（24）She is very kind to the children，which her husband seldomwas.
（25）He became a teacher，which I was not.
在（20）句中as放在了句首，所指代的內(nèi)容就是后面的一句話“Yao Ming is the most famous basketball player in China”；（21）句as放在了句中，同樣指代的是一句話“The numberof the people was over three thousand”。從這兩個(gè)例句中我們發(fā)現(xiàn)as引導(dǎo)的從句和主句在內(nèi)容上表示一致， 或者說從句的內(nèi)容是順著主句的意思說下來的，有“就像”、“正如”之意。再看一下（22）句和（23）句，which的位置放在了句中，并且which引導(dǎo)的非限制定語從句是主句造成的一種結(jié)果。比如我們在翻譯（22）句時(shí)可以這樣理解：太陽釋放出光和熱，這使生物生長成為可能；當(dāng)然（23）句我們也可以這樣翻譯：她很漂亮，這使其他人和嫉妒。從（24）句和（25）句我們還可以看到which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的另一種用法，即which引導(dǎo)的非限制定語從句與主句內(nèi)容不一致， 或起對立、否定關(guān)系。
四、as引導(dǎo)狀語從句的用法比較
1.as，when和while作為連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的比較。
若主、從句表示兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)主句表示的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到從句所指的整個(gè)時(shí)間， 通常要用while。但是，若主、從句表示的兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作含有“一邊……一邊”的意思，通常要用as。例如：
（26）Don’t talk while you’re eating.
（27）I kept silent while she was reading.
（28）She sang as she went along.
若從句是一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作，而主句是一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，一般用when。如果主、從句表示的是兩個(gè)同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生的短暫性動(dòng)作，一般要用as。例如：
（29）When he came in，I was watching TV.
（30）It was raining hard when he arrived.
（31）I had guessed it just as you opened your mouth.
若要表示兩個(gè)正在發(fā)展變化的情況， 相當(dāng)于漢語的“隨著”，一般用as。表示“每當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”（暗示一種規(guī)律性），一般要用when。例如：
（32）Situations are getting better and better as time goes on.
（33）As it grew darker，it became colder.
（34）It’s warm when sun shines.
（35）He smiled when I praised him.
2.as，though 和although 作為連詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的對比。
as引導(dǎo)讓步從句時(shí)，句子必須倒裝。常把被強(qiáng)調(diào)的作表語的形容詞、名詞及作狀語的副詞放句首，有時(shí)甚至把謂語動(dòng)詞放句首。though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語時(shí)，句子可以倒裝（倒裝方式和as一樣）也可以不倒裝。although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語時(shí)，只能用正常語序，不能倒裝。下面我們看一下例句（36）—（39）：
（36）Poor as/though they are，they are very ambitious.
（37）Child as/though he is，his behavior seems mature.
（38）Hard as/though he worked，he didn’t pass the exam.
（39）Try hard as/though he will，he is not successful.
3.as，because，since 和for 作為連詞引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句比較。
because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句時(shí)語氣最強(qiáng)， 常表示必然的因果關(guān)系，從句是全句的重心，它引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在主句的后面， 并且回答以why引起的特殊疑問句；as只說明一般的因果關(guān)系，語氣比because弱，說明比較明顯的原因，它引導(dǎo)的從句通常放在句首，常意為“由于”；since意為“既然”，表示對方已經(jīng)知曉，無需加以說明的原因或事實(shí)（有時(shí)為天經(jīng)地義的事實(shí)或格言、諺語等），語氣比because稍弱，全句重點(diǎn)落在主句上；for是并列連詞，它的語氣最弱，常用來補(bǔ)充說明理由或提供一種解釋，一般放在句中，強(qiáng)調(diào)“理由”。下面我們看一下例句再一次進(jìn)行比較。
（40）He is absent today because he is ill.
（41）As everyone has arrived，we can set off now.
（42）I’ll do it for you since you are busy.
（43）We must leave now，for the film begins at seven.
4.as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句用法。
as，（just） as...so...引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在（just） as...so...結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時(shí)as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是“正如”、“就像”，多用于正式文體，例如：
（44）I shall do the exercises as you have been taught.
（45）As water is to fish，so air is to man.
（46）Just as we sweep our rooms，so we should sweep old ideas from our heads.
總之， 社會(huì)和英語語言的不斷發(fā)展給英語語法的歸納和研究帶來了很大的挑戰(zhàn)，也給語言學(xué)習(xí)者帶來了很多困難，但不管怎樣，只要我們在學(xué)習(xí)過程中不斷探索、勇往直前，一定能找到其中的規(guī)律， 幫助英語學(xué)習(xí)者消除英語學(xué)習(xí)中的重重障礙。
as 在定語從句的用法2
定語從句as的用法
一、用作連詞的as
1. 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，其用法與when和while類似。例如：As a child (When he was a child), she was sent to six different schools.此用法中as多表示從句與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，意為“一邊……一邊……”，一般不與狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。例如：She sang songs as she did her homework.
as 還可以表示一動(dòng)作緊接著另一動(dòng)作發(fā)生，說明另一動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，有“隨著……”的含義。例如：As time went by, we found he was an honest man./As he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening.
例1 It wasn’t until nearly a month later________ I received the manager’s reply.
A. since B. when C. as D. that
解析：本題的as中與when一起作為干擾項(xiàng)，容易使考生往時(shí)間狀語從句上思考，事實(shí)上本題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，正確選項(xiàng)是D。
2. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，表示“由于，因?yàn)椤保喈?dāng)于because, 但通常置于句首。例如： As he is a qualified doctor, I trust his advice on medical matters.
例2 _____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.
A. While B. Since C. As D. If
解析：本題中as干擾性很強(qiáng)，很多考生誤以為是原因狀語從句，但仔細(xì)分析不難發(fā)現(xiàn)正確答案應(yīng)是A(while表示“只要”)。
3. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，通常可與although或though通用，但語序不同，although或though用于句首，as用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow. /Although(或Though)I am young, I already know what career I want to follow. as 表示讓步用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，通常將從句的表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞前置。如果表語有冠詞a/an, 需去掉。例如：Great scholar as he is, he is lacking in common sense./Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 例3 _____ he has limited technical knowledge, the older worker has a lot of experience.
A. SinceB. Unless C. As D. Although
解析：as 雖然有引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句用法，但本題不是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，故正確答案應(yīng)是D。
4. 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，表示“如，像”。例如：When in Rome, do as Romans do./Do to others as you would have others do to you.
例4 We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite ________ as planned.
A. make outB. turn out C. go onD. come up
解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析，題干中的“as planned”給同學(xué)們提供了重要信息，答案選B。
5. 固定句型：“主句，as +be/do+主語”表示“也一樣”。例如：She’s unusually tall, as are both her parents./He’s a doctor, as was his wife before she had children.
二、用作介詞的as
1.表示“如，像”。例如：They got united as one man./She spoke of me as her dearest friend.
2.表示“作為、當(dāng)作”。例如：As a League member, you should think more of others.
3.與某些動(dòng)詞搭配，表示“把……當(dāng)作……”，如：look on…as…, regard…as…, treat…as…, consider…as…, think of…as…, see…as…等。其中consider…as…中的as可以省略。as與famous或known搭配，表示“作為……而出名”。
例5 Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.
A. knowingB. known C. being knownD. to be known
解析：如果熟悉be known as這一短語，運(yùn)用有關(guān)非謂語動(dòng)詞的常識(shí)，可選出正確答案B。
三、用作關(guān)系代詞的as
1. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞前通常有as, so, such, same等修飾語。例如：He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find./My hometown is no longer the same as it used to be./As many people as are present will be given a present.在此種用法中，同學(xué)們要注意與結(jié)果狀語從句的區(qū)別。比如：A: The teacher asked us such a difficult question that none of us could answer it. B: The teacher asked us such a difficult question as none of us could answer.A句為結(jié)果狀語從句，而B句則是定語從句。
2. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用來指代整個(gè)主句(即先行句)，表示“這一事實(shí)，那一情況”。從句可以位于句首、句中或句末。例如：We stand when the national anthem is played, as is the custom.
例6 ______ I explained on the telephone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A. When B. After C. As D. Since
解析：根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)C是正確答案。as表現(xiàn)的正是本點(diǎn)所講用法。
四、用作副詞的as
修飾形容詞或副詞，表示程度，意為“同樣地”。例如：He swims fast, but I swim just as fast. 但它通常構(gòu)成表示比較的結(jié)構(gòu)“asas”，“not asas”。此結(jié)構(gòu)中第一個(gè)as是副詞，第二個(gè)as是連詞。否定結(jié)構(gòu)中的副詞as可以由so代替。asas possible /one can也屬于此用法。例如：It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
五、用在習(xí)語中的as
由as構(gòu)成的習(xí)語很多，常見的有：as soon as “一就”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句;as/so long as “只要”引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句;as if/though “好像，仿佛”，引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句或表語從句;as to/ as for “至于，就而言”;as much/many as“多達(dá)”;as/so far as “就的限度”;as a result，as a result of “(由于的)結(jié)果”;as a matter of fact“事實(shí)上”;as well “也、還”;A as well as B“不但A而且B”;as it is“照現(xiàn)狀看，看樣子”，等等。這些習(xí)語在高考中可能經(jīng)常遇到，在高考題中有的作為正確選項(xiàng)，有的作為干擾項(xiàng)，有的出現(xiàn)在題干，值得同學(xué)們認(rèn)真掌握。例如：
例9 I would like a job which pays more, but ______ I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment.
A. in other wordsB. on the other hand C. for one thing D. as a matter of fact 解析：選項(xiàng)D極具干擾意義，但進(jìn)一步研讀會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)本題中的兩個(gè)分句表達(dá)了一件事的兩個(gè)對立面，故選B。
例10 ——People should stop using their cars and start using public transport. ——______. The roads are too crowded as it is.
A. All right B. Exactly C. Go aheadD. Fine
解析：本題選項(xiàng)中雖沒有as內(nèi)容，但題干中的as it is卻是解題的關(guān)鍵信息，正確選項(xiàng)為B。
as 在定語從句的用法3
as在定語從句中是十分常見的，那么as引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法又是什么呢?
as作關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、介詞賓語或表語，既可以指人，也可以指物。
(1)as引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，有如下結(jié)構(gòu)：“the same …as”，“such …as”， “as…as”“so many (much, few, little)…as”，譯作“像……一樣的人(或物)”。例如：
This is such an easy novel as you can read.
這本小說很容易，你能讀得懂。
They have never read so many books as I read last year.
他們從來都沒有讀過像我去年讀過的那些書。
(2)as單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，修飾整個(gè)主句或主句中的一部分，可以放在句首、句中或句末。
當(dāng)as在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語通常是被動(dòng)語態(tài)或系表結(jié)構(gòu);as在從句中作賓語時(shí)，從句的謂語常用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
as is known to all 眾所周知
as has been said above 如上所述
as was expected 正如預(yù)料的那樣
as we all can see (know, hear)正如大家看到的(知道的、聽到的)那樣。例如：
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
眾所周知，月球每個(gè)月繞地球轉(zhuǎn)一周。
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