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定語(yǔ)從句后置法的例句

時(shí)間:2022-11-18 15:33:51 英語(yǔ) 我要投稿

定語(yǔ)從句后置法的例句

  由于英語(yǔ)是一門語(yǔ)言學(xué)科,需要有大量的積累,方能有的放矢,因此考生們最早應(yīng)該著手復(fù)習(xí)的考研科目便是英語(yǔ)了。在考研英語(yǔ)中語(yǔ)法是貫穿語(yǔ)言使用的經(jīng)絡(luò),是完勝英譯漢的重要法寶。今天小編授就帶各位考生來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句,并學(xué)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句中的后置翻譯法是怎么一回事。

  一、初識(shí)后置譯法

  英語(yǔ)中很多定語(yǔ)從句都是為了連接兩個(gè)具有共同名詞的句子而存在的,因此在翻譯時(shí)最好分為兩個(gè)分句。而對(duì)于起限定作用的定語(yǔ)從句,如果結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜,句子太長(zhǎng),無(wú)法譯成前置定語(yǔ),最好就是譯成一個(gè)后置的并列分句,這樣會(huì)更合乎漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣。

  【例】

  Our war against terror is a contest of will in which perseverance is power.

  我們的反恐戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是一場(chǎng)意志力的較量。在這場(chǎng)較量中,不屈不撓的精神就是力量。

  I propose to offer a theory which , as far as I am aware , has not previously been set forth , that only those animals capable of speech are capable of laughter , and that therefore man, being the only animal that speaks , is the only animal that laughs.

  我試圖提出一種理論,這種理論就我所知,還未曾有人提出過(guò),那就是:只有能說(shuō)話的動(dòng)物才會(huì)笑。人是唯一能說(shuō)話的動(dòng)物,所以也是唯一會(huì)笑的動(dòng)物。

  二、后置翻譯的方法

  1.后置譯法一

  結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜的定語(yǔ)從句,經(jīng)常翻譯為后置的并列分句,在多數(shù)情況下要重點(diǎn)的翻譯先行詞,當(dāng)句子不長(zhǎng)時(shí),出于某種原因需要強(qiáng)調(diào)先行詞時(shí),也需要重譯先行詞。

  【例】

  Two factors are particularly important in the history of inventions .One is the part played by inspiration , which can be far more vital than that of careful research.

  在發(fā)明史上有兩個(gè)因素特別重要。其一是靈感的`作用,這可能比苦心鉆研的作用要重要的多。

  Days and nights are very long on the moon , where one day is as long as two weeks on the earth.

  在月亮上,白天和黑天都相當(dāng)長(zhǎng),月亮上的一天等于地球上的兩周。

  2.后置譯法二

  有些定語(yǔ)從句漢譯時(shí)翻譯成后置成分,但不可重譯先行詞,譯文仍然符合漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣。

  I was contemptuously dismissed as a novice who had not read the great first volume of Marx’s Capital.

  他們輕蔑地說(shuō)我是個(gè)新手,連馬克思的《資本論》第一卷這部重要著作也沒讀過(guò)。

  Both picnics and barbeques are friendly , informal social events that offer an opportunity to enjoy a meal outside in pleasant surroundings.

  野餐和燒烤都是友情洋溢、不拘禮節(jié)的社交活動(dòng),可以讓大家在戶外一個(gè)怡情的環(huán)境里高高興興地美餐一頓。

  后置定語(yǔ)與定語(yǔ)從句

  英語(yǔ)中的后置定語(yǔ)往往可以分為以下幾類,形容詞做后置定語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在分詞做后置定語(yǔ),過(guò)去分詞做后置定語(yǔ),不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。而后置定語(yǔ)往往可以由定語(yǔ)從句演變而來(lái),這種定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞往往是關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。下面我們來(lái)逐一討論:

  1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)

 、臰ho is the girl dancing with your brother?(現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ),表正在)可改寫成定語(yǔ)從句Who is the girl that is dancing with your brother? The high building being built (=which is being built)there is meant for the old without children. It is expected to be finished in a year.(正在被建)

  ⑵Anyone touching the wire will get a shock.可以改成定語(yǔ)從句Anyone who touches the wire will get a shock.

  2. 過(guò)去分詞做后置定語(yǔ)

  The jewelry (which is) worn by the Indians was made of bones.

  The spaceship (which was) called Shenzhou Ⅴ, was carrying China’s first astronaut, Yang Liwei. The Indians wearing (=who wore)jewelry (which)

  was) made of bones greeted them warmly.

  3. 不定時(shí)作后置定語(yǔ)

  表示未發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生的情況如

  The project (which is)to be completed next month needs more people to help.(即將完成的)

  There are more pains (which are)to come.(要來(lái)的)

  Children who lived closest to the Fukushima-1 Nuclear Power Station were among the first to be tested.(the first,the last之后常用不定式作定語(yǔ))

  4. 形容詞作后置定語(yǔ)

  She is an American girl interested in sports.

  I am a person optimistic about everything hard in life

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