定語從句做后置定語
一.介詞短語作后置定語:
如the bird in the tree(樹上的小鳥),the standard of living(生活水平),the way to the hotel(去旅館的路),the life in the future(未來的生活)。
二.不定式短語作后置定語,用來修飾限定其前的名詞或名詞性短語。
分為以下三類:
1. 在某些名詞結構中可用動詞不定式作后置定語。
I have a lot of homework to do.
He is the first to finish the task.
There are a lot of things to do.
2. 在某些抽象名詞后可用動詞不定式作后置定語,具體說明抽象名詞的內容。常見名詞有ability, anxiety, attempt, decision, chance, courage, right, determination, promise, ambition, effort, drive, eagerness, failure, inclination, intention, movement, need, opportunity, plan, reason, struggle, time, way, wish等。例句:
He has the ability to do the work.
I don’t have the courage to tell you the secret.
3. 動詞不定式有時可替代一個定語從句,與其前修飾的名詞是主動關系,在時態上含有將來的含義。例如:
Perhaps in the years to come(=that will come),we will meet again.
In the lectures to follow(=that will follow), she talked about her trip to China.
三、分詞短語作后置定語。
這時一般可以改寫為定語從句,現在分詞作后置定語與修飾的名詞是主動關系,過去分詞作后置定語與修飾的名詞是被動關系。例如,
S1:There is a lady waiting for you.=There is a lady who waits for you.
S2:What is the language spoken in China?=What is the language which is spoken in China?
S1中,lady和wait之間是主動關系,S2中,language與spoken之間是被動關系。
我們在寫作時,為了讓句子結構更為高級,或是達到句式多樣的`目的,常用分詞短語作后置定語來代替定語從句。如在2012年的考研英語作文中,我們在描圖表示兩個人對同樣的半瓶水表現出不同的態度時,可以說:As is shown in the picture, there is a contrast between two men facing the same problem with half a bottle of water. 在這個英語句子中,我們用現在分詞短語作men的后置定語,相當于定語從句who face the same problem with half a bottle of water. 再如,在表達一個人眉頭緊縮,因為水撒了發出嘆息,可以說:The one frowning in anxiety is sighing because the water is spoilt out of the bottle。此句中,現在分詞短語作one的后置定語,相當于從句who frowns in anxiety。用現在分詞短語代替從句可以使句式更簡短,句型也更為高級,更加豐富,同時也顯示出考生深厚的語底。
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