初中定語從句名師講解
定語從句就是在句子中充當定語成分的從句，分享了初中定語從句的名師講解，一起來看看吧！
一、定語從句的概念
在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。
The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher.
先行詞定語從句
昨天我在校門口看見的那個人是我的英語老師。
二、定語從句的關系詞
引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞，常見的關系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom，所有格whose)等，關系副詞where, when, why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的重要成分。
�、� I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. （關系代詞作主語）
先行詞 關系代詞
我正在等穿著紅色外套的那個男孩。
�、� The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.
先行詞 關系代詞 （關系代詞作賓語）
我姐姐上周星期天給我的那本字典很貴。
③ The woman whose name is Linda Brown is his mother. （關系代詞作定語）
先行詞 關系代詞
那個是他的母親，名叫琳達布朗。
�、� That is the house where my father used to live. （關系代詞作狀語）
先行詞 關系副詞
那是我父親曾經居住過的房子。
三、關系代詞的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時不可省略，作
賓語時可省略。例如：
�、� Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)
�、� The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。
(that作賓語)
2. which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：
�、� The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.
位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)
�、� The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.
我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)
3. who, whom都用于指人，who用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：
① The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.
經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)
② Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在與李明談話的老師是誰?
(作賓語)
小結：that—既可指人，也可指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略。
which—指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，可以省略。
who—指人，作主語，不能省略；作賓語（常用whom），可以省略。
注：當關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句的謂語動詞形式由先行詞定。
注意——
(1) 當定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時，who, that, which可省略，但介詞在關系代詞前時，只能用“介詞+ which/whom”結構。例如：
① This is the house in which we lived last year. 這是我們去年居住的`房子。
�、� Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.
請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。
(2) 含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如：
This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個人。
(3) that 作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動詞的后面。例如：
The city that she lives in is very far away. 她居住的城市非常遠。
(4) 關系詞只能用that而不用which的情況：
a. 先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that，而不用which。例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個通過考試的人。
b. 被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時，只能用that，而不用which。例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎?
c. 先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which。例如：
This is the same bike that I lost. 這就是我丟的那輛自行車。
d. 先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that，而不用which。例如：
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。
e. 以who或which引導的特殊疑問句，為避免重復，只能用that。例如：
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?
f. 主句是there be 結構，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which。例如：
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。
(5) 關系詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：
a. 先行詞為that, those時，用which, 而不用that。例如：
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?
b. 關系代詞前有介詞時,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。
c. 引導非限制性定語從句，用which, 而不用that。例如：
Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。
五、關系副詞的用法
(1) when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，在句中作時間狀語。例如：
This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。
(2) where指地點，其先行詞表示地點，在句中作地點狀語。例如：
This is the place where he works. 這是他工作的地點。
(3) why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。例如：
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
沒人知道他為什么上學總遲到。
I．單項填空。
1. —Do you know the man _________is talking with your father?
—Yes, he’s our headmaster.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom
2. Is this the river_________I can swim?
A. which B. in whichC. that D. the one
3. This is the best hotel in the city_________I know.
A. where B. whichC. that D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary_________the other day?
A. that you boughtB. you bought it
C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
5. Anyone_________with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agreesB. who agreeC. who agreesD. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing_________is missing.
A. that B. itC. which D. who
7. The man_________coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s B. whoseC. that of whichD. which’s
8. The girl_________is reading under the tree_________my sister.
A. which; isB. whom; was C. who; isD. who; was
9. I love places_________the people are really friendly.
A. that B. whichC. whereD. who
10. The world_________is made up of matter.
A. in that we liveB. on which we live C. where we live inD. we live in
�、颍眠m當的關系代詞that, which, who, whom填空。
1. The first thing _________you must do is to have a meal.
2. April 1st is the day _________is called April Fool’s Day in the west.
3. The family _________ had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4. The house _________we live in is very old.
5. Didn’t you see the man _________I talked with just now?
III．牽手中考。
1.（2011清遠）Have you read the book_________is about the moon?
A. whatB. itC. /D. which
2.（2011廣西百色）The policeman caught the thief_________has stolen Mr. Li’s computer.
A. whichB. whoseC. whomD. who
3.（2011桂林）The basketball_________I bought yesterday cost me 80 yuan.
A. thatB. whereC. whoD. when
4.（河北省2011）The teachers_________came for a visit are foreigners.
A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which
5.（2011河南�。㏕ony, tell me the result of the discussion_________you had with your dad
yesterday.
A.whatB. whichC. whenD. who
6.（2011黑龍江綏化市）This is the camera ______my uncle gave me for my birthday.
A.whichB. whoC. what
7.（2011哈爾濱）"Get new knowledge by reviewing the old" is a famous saying by Confucius(孔子). He was a great thinker________words still have a great effect on millions of people around the world today.
A. whoB. who'sC. whose
8.（2011呼和浩特）—Is there anyone here_________name is Betty?
—Sorry, I don’t know.
A. whoB. whichC. whomD. whose
9.（2011四川達州）—Where did you go last week?
—I went to Zhang Aiping’s hometown and visited the house_______he was born in.
A. thatB. thereC. whoD. whose
10.（2011四川南充）Is that the man_________helped us a lot after the earthquake?
A. whichB. whoC. whom
11.（2011四川資陽）—I hear that Lily’s brother is a worker here.
—Look, the man_________is working over there is her brother.
A. whoB. whomC. whatD. which
12.（2011天津）John is the boy_________legs were badly hurt in the accident.
A. whoseB. thatC. whoD. which
13.（2011烏魯木齊）We don't like people_________talk too much but never do anything.
A.whoseB.whoC.whenD.which
14.（2011梧州）—Do you know the boy_________is standing under the tree?
—Yes, he is my friend, Peter.
A. whatB. whoC. whomD. whose
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