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暑期英語六級閱讀練習
在閱讀篇幅較長、難度略低、生詞不超過總詞數3%的材料時，能掌握中心大意，抓住主要事實和有關細節，閱讀速度將達到每分鐘100詞。以下是小編幫大家整理的暑期英語六級閱讀練習，供大家參考借鑒，希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
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It is doing something better than other people that makes us unique. Yet a surprising number of people still see individuality as a surface thing. They wear bright clothes, dye their hair strange colors and decorate their skin with tattoos (紋身) to make some kind of social statement.
The whole purpose of individuality is excellence. The people who comprehend the simple principle of being unique through performance make our entire political and economic system work. Those who invent, who improve, who know more about a subject than other people do, and who take something that doesnt work and make it work—these people are the very soul of capitalism.
Charles Kettering didnt like the idea of cranking a car to make it start, so he invented the electric starter. Henry Ford figured out the assembly-line technique and made it possible to mass-produce automobiles. Lewis Waterman saw no need to go on dipping a pen into an inkwell, so he put the ink into the pen. George Westinghouse told the world how to stop a train, and Elisha Otis, inventor of the elevator, indirectly created the city skyline. These people understood that individualism means working at the top of ones capacity.
Fortunately, enough Americans have been inspired to do something with their uniqueness that we have developed in less than three centuries from a frontier outpost into not only a country of freedom but a country strong enough to protect that freedom. These people prized the notions of individuality and excellence above all things and thus kept the great machine functioning. The ones with the purple hair and the horrorable jewelry are just along for the ride, trying to be "different" and not knowing how to go about it.
1. The student who earns As on his report card has grasped the idea and has found the real meaning of individuality. So has the youngster who has designed his own spaceship, who paints pictures of the world around him, or who can name all the states and their capitals. According to the author unique individuals are persons who______.
A. do something better than other people
B. know more about a subject than other people
C. excel others in work
D. all of the above
2. People who regard individuality as a surface thing always do the following EXCEPT
A. wearing bright clothes
B. coloring their hair
C. doing better than others
D. decorating their skin with tattoos
3. Which is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. Henry Ford invented assembly-line technique.
B. Elisha Otis was the inventor of the lift
C. George Westinghouse created cranks.
D. Lewis Waterman put the ink into the pen.
4. It can be inferred from the passage that______.
A. the real secret to being unique lies in our excellent work
B. if we want to be different wed gain more profit
C the student who earns As on the report card has not grasped the real meaning of individuality
D. all Americans work miracles In the writers opinion
5. who has understood the sense of individuality?
A. The youngster who designed his own spaceship.
B. The youngster who painted worthy pictures.
C. The youngster who was interested in wearing strange clothes.
D. Both A and B.
參考答案：D C C A D
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It is a curious paradox that we think of the physical sciences as “hard”, the social sciences as “soft,” and the biological sciences as somewhere in between. This is interpreted to mean that our knowledge of physical system is more certain than our knowledge of biological systems, and these in turn are more certain than our knowledge of social systems. In terms of our capacity of sample the relevant universes, however, and the probability that our images of these universes are at least approximately correct, one suspects that a reverse order is more reasonable. We are able to sample earth’s social systems with some degree of confidence that we have a reasonable sample of the total universe being investigated. Our knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting and so on, is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived form the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience.
In contrast, our image of the astronomical universe, or even if earth’s geological history, ca easily be subject to revolutionary changes as new data come in and new theories are worked out. If we define the “security” of our image of various parts of the total system as the probability of their suffering significant changes, then we would reverse the order for hardness and as the most secure, the physical sciences as the least secure, and again the biological sciences as somewhere in between. Our image of the astronomical universe is the least secure of all simply because we observe such a fantastically small sample of it and its record-keeping is trivial records of biological systems. Records of the astronomical universe, despite the fact that we learnt things as they were long age, are limited in the extreme.
Even in regard to such a close neighbor as the moon, which we have actually visited, theories about its origin and history are extremely different, contradictory, and hard to choose among. Our knowledge of physical evolution is incomplete and insecure.
1.The word “paradox” (Line 1, Para. 1) means “_____”.
A.implication B.contradiction
C.interpretation D.confusion
2.Accroding to the author, we should reverse our classification of the physical sciences as “hard” and the social sciences as “soft” because _______.
A.a reverse ordering will help promote the development of the physical sciences
B.our knowledge of physical systems is more reliable than that of social systems
C.our understanding of the social systems is approximately correct
D.we are better able to investigate social phenomena than physical phenomena
3.The author believes that our knowledge of social systems is more secure than that of physical systems because______.
A.it is not based on personal experience
B.new discoveries are less likely to occur in social sciences
C.it is based on a fairly representative quantity of data
D.the records of social systems are more reliable
4.The chances of the physical sciences being subject to great changes are the biggest because _____.
A.contradictory theories keep emerging all the time
B.new information is constantly coming in
C.the direction of their development is difficult to predict
D.our knowledge of the physical world is inaccurate
5.We know less about the astronomical universe than we don about any social system because ______.
A.theories of its origin and history are varied
B.our knowledge of it is highly insecure
C.only a very small sample of it has been observed
D.few scientists are involved in the study of astronomy
答案：ACDAD
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It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidenceof the depressing state of literacy. These figuresfrom the Department of Education are sufficient: 27million Americans cannot read at all. and a further35million read al a level that is less than sufficient tosurvive in our society.
But my own worry today is fess that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy thanit is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-classreader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence. those luxuries of domesticityand time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading. n has beensuggested that almost 80 percent of Americas literate, educated teenagers can no longer readwithout an accompanying noise (music) in the background or a television screen flickering (閃爍)at the corner of their field of perception. We know very little about the brain and how it dealswith simultaneous conflicting input, but every common-sense intuition suggests we should beprofoundly alarmed. This violation of concentration} silence, solitude (獨處的狀態) goestothe very heart of our notion of literacy; this new form of part-reading, of part-perceptionagainst background distraction renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehensionand concentration, let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poemor a piece of prose he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart. Not by brain. by heart;the expression is vital.
Under these circumstances. the question of what future there is for the arts of reading is a realone. Ahead of us lie technical. psychic(心理的). and social transformations probably much moredramatic than thosebrought about by Gutenberg, the German inventor in printing. TheGutenberg revolution. as we now know it, took a long time; its effects are still being debated.The information revolution will touch every fact ofcomposition. publication. distribution. andreading. No one in the book industry can say with any confidence what will
happen to the book as weve known it.
1. The picture of the reading ability of theAmerican people, drawn by the author,is__________.
A) rather bleak
B) fairly bright
C) very impressive
D) quite encouraging
2. The authors biggest concern is____________________.
A) elementary school children’s disinterest in reading classics
B) the surprisingly low rate of literacy in the U.S.
C) the musical setting American readers require for reading
D) the reading ability and reading behavior of the middle class
3. A major problem with most adolescents who can read is________________.
A) their fondness of music and TV programs
B) their ignorance of various forms of art and literature
C) their lack of attentiveness and basic understanding
D) their inability to focus on conflicting input
4. The author claims that the best way a reader can show admiration for a piece ofpoetry or prose is ___________________.
A) to be able to appreciate it and memorize it
B) to analyze its essential features
C) to think it over conscientiously
D) to make a fair appraisal of its artistic value
5. About the future of the arts of reading the author feels___________.
A) upset
B) uncertain
C) alarmed
D) pessimistic
1.作者描繪的美國人的閱讀能力的畫面是_________。
A) 很暗淡的
B) 很明亮的
C) 令人印象深刻
D)非常具有鼓舞性
[A]根據文章第1段第1句“我無需舉例說明那種令人沮喪的受教育狀況”。句中depressing的意思與bleak相近，由此可推斷作者描繪的這幅畫面是相當黯淡的。
2.作者最大的擔心是_____________。
A) 小學生對閱讀課不感興趣
B)美國的文盲率出奇地高
C) 美國人閱讀的時候需要有背景音樂
D) 中產階級的閱讀能力和閱讀行為
[D]根據文章第2段第1句“目前我擔心的倒不是基本文化水平這個大問題，而是一個較為奢侈的問題，即美國中產階級讀者閱讀藝術的衰退，即使是中級的讀者也不愿意在寂靜無聲的空間里，放下家庭事務，付出時間全神貫注地進行經典性的閱讀”，因此，只有D才與文中所陳述的意恩相符。
3.有閱讀能力的大多數青少年的一個主要問題是___________。
A) 他們喜歡音樂和電視節目
B) 他們對藝術和文學多種多樣的形式一無所知
C) 他們缺乏注意力和基礎的知識
D) 他們不能專注于相互沖突的內容
[C]在第2段第2句和倒數第二句作者提到“大約80%的有文化、受過教育的十幾歲的年輕人沒有背景音樂和閃爍的電視屏幕的陪伴就無法閱讀”和“而這種邊閱讀邊在背景的干涉下進行理解的新方法使人們不可能對所閱讀的東西全神貫注地加以理解”，由此可推斷只有C是正確的。
4.作者聲稱，讀者展示對詩歌或散文青睞的最好的方法就是_______________。
A) 能夠理解并記得住
B) 分析其最根本的特點
C) 有意識地深刻理解它
D) 對其藝術價值作出公平的評價
[A]根據文章第2段倒數第二句“更不用說將散文或詩歌，不是用腦。而是用心背下來，這是人們欣賞他們所喜歡的詩歌或散文的最好的方式”，因此A與作者所表述的觀點一致，因而正確。
5.對于閱讀藝術的未來，作者感到__________。
A) 沮喪
B) 不確定
C) 警覺
D) 悲觀
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Theyre still kids, and although theres a lot thatthe experts dont yet know about them, one thingthey do agree on is that what kids use and expectfrom their world has changed rapidly. And its allbecause of technology.
To the psychologists, sociologists, and generational and media experts who study them,their digital gear sets this new group apart, even from their tech-savvy (懂技術的) Millennialelders. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older siblingsdont quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they signal an all-encompassingsensibility that some say marks the dawning of a new generation.
The contrast between Millennials and this younger group was so evident to psychologistLarry Rosen of California State University that he has declared the birth of a new generation in anew book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month.Rosen says the tech-dominated life experience of those born since the early 1990s is sodifferent from the Millennials he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting theNet Generation, that they warrant the distinction of a new generation, which he has dubbedthe "ingeneration".
"The technology is the easiest way to see it, but its also a mind-set, and the mind-set goeswith the little ‘i, which Im talking to stand for individualized," Rosen says. "Everything isdefined and individualized to ‘me. My music choices are defined to me. What I watch onTV any instant is defined to ‘me. " He says the iGeneration includes todays teens and middle-school ers, but its too soon to tell about elementary-school ages and younger.
Rosen says the iGeneration believes anything is possible. "If they can think of it, somebodyprobably has or will invent it," he says. "They expect innovation."
They have high expectations that whatever they want or can use "will be able to be tailoredto their own needs and wishes and desires."
Rosen says portability is key. They are inseparable from their wireless devices, which allowthem to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected-even in class, where cellphones are supposedly banned.
Many researchers are trying t6 determine whether technology somehow causes the brainsof young people to be wired differently. "They should be distracted and should perform morepoorly than they do," Rosen says. "But findings show teens survive distractions much betterthan we would predict by their age and their brain development. "
Because these kids are more immersed and at younger ages, Rosen says, the educationalsystem has to change significantly.
"The growth curve on the use of technology with children is exponential(指數的), and werun the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how theythink," Rosen says.
"We have to give them options because they want their world individualized. "
1. Compared with their Millennial elders, the iGeneration kids
A.communicate with others by high-tech methods continually
B.prefer to live a virtual life than a real one
C.are equipped with more modem digital techniques
D.know more on technology than their elders
2. Why did Larry Rosen name the new generation as iGeneration?
A.Because this generation is featured by the use of personal high-tech devices.
B.Because this generation stresses on an individualized style of life.
C.Because it is the author himself who has discovered the new generation.
D.Because its a mind-set generation instead of an age-set one.
3. Which of the following is true about the iGeneration according to Rosen?
A.This generation is crazy about inventing and creating new things.
B.Everything must be adapted to the peculiar need of the generation.
C.This generation catches up with the development of technology.
D.High-tech such as wireless devices goes with the generation.
4. Rosens findings suggest that technology
A.has an obvious effect on the function of iGenerations brain development
B.has greatly affected the iGenerations behaviors and academic performance
C.has no significantly negative effect on iGenerations mental and intellectualdevelopment
D.has caused distraction problems on iGeneration which affect their daily performance
5. According to the passage, education has to __
A.adapt its system to the need of the new generation
B.use more technologies to cater for the iGeneration
C.risk its system to certain extent for the iGeneration
D.be conducted online for iGenerations individualized need
答案：
1.A)。
2.B)。
3.D)。
4.C)。
5.A)。
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At some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you dont act on your impulse, but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.
Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo(禁忌的) behavior is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.
One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans talk about constantly. Its not taboo to talk about fat; its taboo to be fat. The "in" look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline, and self-respect. In an image-conscious society like the U. S. , thin is "in", fat is "out".
Its not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become obsessed (著迷) with staying slim and "in shape". The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the sole reason for Americas obsession with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, peoples bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising every day.
26. From the passage we can infer taboo is .
A. a strong desire to do something strange or terrible
B. a crime committed on impulse
C. behavior considered unacceptable in societys eyes
D. an unfavorable impression left on other people
27、Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can conclude "being fat"_______.
A. will always remain a taboo B. is not considered a taboo by most people
C. has long been a taboo D. may no longer be a taboo some day
28、The topic of fat is_______many other taboo subjects.
A. the same as B. different from
C. more popular than D. less often talked about than
29、In the U. S. , thin is "in", fat is "out", this means_______.
A. thin is "inside", fat is "outside"
B. thin is "diligent", fat is "lazy"
C. thin is "youthful", fat is "spiritless"
D. thin is "fashionable", fat is "unfashionable"
30、The main reason the passage gives for why so many Americans are exercising regularly is_______.
A. their changed life-style
B. their eagerness to stay thin and youthful
C. their appreciation of the importance of exercise
D. the encouragement they have received from their companies
26. C
27. D
28. B
29. D
30. B
（六）
Higher Grades Challenge College Application Process
A) Josh Zalasky should be the kind of college applicant with little to worry about. The high school senior is taking three Advanced Placement courses. Outside the classroom, he，s involved in mock trial, two Jewish youth groups and has a job with a restaurant chain. He，s a National Merit semifinalist and scored in the top ? percent of all students who take the ACT.
B) But in the increasingly frenzied world of college admissions, even Zalasky is nervous about his prospects. He doubts he#ll get into the University of Wisconsin, a top choice. The reason: his grades. It$s not that they%re bad. It&s that so many of his classmates are so good. Zalasky’s GPA is nearly an A minus, and yet he ranks only about in the middle of his senior class of 543 at Edina High School outside Minneapolis, Minnesota. That means he will have to find other ways to stand out.
C) “It’s extremely difficult,” he said. “I spent all summer writing my essay. We even hired a private tutor to make sure that essay was the best it can be. But even with that, it’s like I*m just kind of leveling the playing field.” Last year, he even considered transferring out of his highly competitive public school, to some place where his grades would look better.
D) Some call the phenomenon that Zalasky’s fighting “grade inflation”—implying the boost is undeserved. Others say students are truly earning their better marks. Regardless, it’s a trend that’s been building for years and may only be accelerating: many students are getting very good grades. So many, in fact, it is getting harder and harder for colleges to use grades as a measuring stick for applicants.
E) Extra credit for AP courses, parental lobbying and genuine hard work by the most competitive students have combined to shatter any semblance of a Bell curve, one in which A，s are reserved only for the very best. For example, of the 47,317 applications the University of California, Los Angeles, received for this fall’s freshman class, nearly 23,000 had GPAs of 4.0 or above.
F) That’s also making it harder for the most selective colleges—who often call grades the single most important factor in admissions—to join in a growing movement to lessen the influence of standardized tests.
G) “We，re seeing 30, 40 valedictorians at a high school because they don，t want to create these distinctions between students,” said Jess Lord, dean of admission and financial aid at Haverford College in Pennsylvania. “ If we don’t have enough information, there’s a chance we’ll become more heavily reliant on test scores, and that’s a real negative to me.”
H) Standardized tests have endured a heap of bad publicity lately, with the SAT raising anger about its expanded length and recent scoring problems. A number of schools have stopped requiring test scores, to much fanfare.
I) But lost in the developments is the fact that none of the most selective colleges have dropped the tests. In fact, a national survey shows overall reliance on test scores is higher in admissions than it was a decade ago. “It’s the only thing we have to evaluate students that will help us tell how they compare to each other,” said Lee Stetson, dean of admissions at the University of Pennsylvania.
J) Grade inflation is hard to measure, and experts，caution numbers are often misleading because standards and scales vary so widely. Different practices of “weighting” GPAs for AP work also play havoc. Still, the trend seems to be showing itself in a variety of ways.
K) The average high school GPA increased from 2.68 to 2.94 between 1990 and 2000, according to a federal study. Almost 23 percent of college freshmen in 2005 reported their average grade in high school was an A or better, according to a national survey by UCLA’s Higher Education Research Institute. In 1975, the percentage was about half that.
L) GPAs reported by students on surveys when they take the SAT and ACT exams have also risen—and faster than their scores on those tests. That suggests their classroom grades aren’t rising just because students are getting smarter. Not surprisingly, the test-owners say grade inflation shows why testing should be kept: it gives all students an equal chance to shine.
M) The problems associated with grade inflation aren’t limited to elite college applicants. More than 70 percent of schools and districts analyzed by an education audit company called SchoolMatch had average GPAs significantly higher than they should have been based on their standardized test scores—including the school systems in Chicago, Illinois, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Denver, Colorado, San Bernardino, California, and Columbus, Ohio. That raises concerns about students graduating from those schools unprepared for college. “They get mixed in with students from more rigorous schools and they just get blown away,” said SchoolMatch CEO William Bainbridge.
N) In Georgia, high school grades rose after the state began awarding HOPE scholarships to students with a 3.0 high school GPA. But the scholarship requires students to keep a 3.0 GPA in college, too, and more than half who received the HOPE in the fall of 1998 and entered the University of Georgia system lost eligibility before earning 30 credits. Next year, Georgia is taking a range of steps to tighten eligibility, including calculating GPA itself rather than relying on schools, and no longer giving extra GPA weight to vaguely labeled “honors” classes.
O) Among those who work with students gunning for the more selective colleges, opinions differ as to why there seem to be so many straight-A students. “I think there are more pressures now than there used to be, because 20 or 30 years ago kids with a B plus average got into some of the best colleges in the country,” said William Shain, dean of admissions and financial aid at Bowdoin College in Maine. “It didn，t matter if you had a 3.9 instead of a 3.95. I don，t know if it matters now either, but people are more likely to think it does.”
P) Lord, the Haverford dean, sees grade inflation as the outcome of an irrational fear among students to show any slip up—in grades or discipline. In fact, colleges like his are often more interested in students who have overcome failure and challenge than robots who have never been anything less than perfect. “There，s a protection and encouragement of self-esteem that I don’t agree with, but I think it’s a lot of what’s going on here,” he said. “And the college admissions process feeds into that.”
Q) Back in Minnesota, Edina may join a growing number of schools that no longer officially rank students—a move that could help students like Zalasky, who says he was told by Wisconsin his class rank makes him a longshot. “They feel they’re being left behind or not getting into the schools that they’re applying to because of a particular class rank,” says Edina counselor Bill Hicks. “And there is some validity with respect to some certain schools that use certain formulas.”
R) But the colleges most popular with Edina students already know how strong the school is: students’ median verbal and math SAT scores are 1170 out of 1600. Hicks isn’t willing to blame the concentration grades at the top on spineless teachers, or on grade-grubbing by parents and students. Expectations are high, and grades are based on student mastery of the material, not a curve. Wherever teachers place the bar for an A, the students clear it.
S) “Everyone here is like, ‘ if I can get a 98 why would I get a 93? said Lavanya Srinivasan, who was ranked third in her Edina class last year. Far from being pushovers, she says, Edina teachers are tougher than those in a course she took at Harvard last summer. Zalasky agrees the students work hard for their high grades. “The mentality of this school is, if you’re not getting straight A，s you’re not doing well,” he said. “There’s just so much pressure on us day in and day out to get straight A’s that everybody does.” Hicks compares the atmosphere at Edina to the World Series expectations that always surround the superstar lineup of the New York Yankees. “If they don’t win it,” he said, “then it’s failure.”
1. Nearly half of the applications that the University of California received this autumn had GPAs of 4.0 or above.
2. It，s also harder for the most selective colleges to lessen the effect of standardized tests.
3. More than 30 years ago, about 11.5 percent of college freshmen reported their average grade in high school was an A or better.
4. Because of the negative effects of standardized tests recently, a lot of universities have no longer required test scores.
5. Some think Zalasky’s improvement unworthy, while others think his high grades win the praise for him.
6. Because many of his classmates are so outstanding, Zalasky is nervous about his college application.
7. Some colleges would like to admit students who have conquered failure and challenge rather than those who have never been anything less than perfect.
8. In the next year, Georgia is taking a series of measures to tighten qualification, including calculating GPA itself and avoiding paying too much attention to vaguely labeled “honors” classes.
9. In Zalasky，s opinion, students are put under great pressure to work hard to get straight A"s, or they will be regarded as losers.
10. More and more schools no longer officially rank students by grade, which can help students like Zalasky.
文章精要
文章指出，目前美國大學在錄取新生時，仍然比較看重分數。在一些學校里由于獎學金政策的執行，學生的分數迅速攀升�？荚嚨膿碜o者指出，考試有必要存在， 因為它給學生提供了展示自我的平臺，而這也無疑會給學生帶來巨大的壓力。
答案解析
1. E 本題的出題點在E段的最后一句話，屬于數字題。從原文可以看出，申請 者的人數為47,317，而獲得4.0或者4.0以上分數者的人數接近23,000，由此 可知比例接近50%。
2. F 本題是F段的總結。原文提到，對學生的選拔最為嚴格的學校也越來越難 以參與到降低標準考試的影響的活動中來，也就是說，這些學校很難降低 標準考試的影響。
3. K 本題的出題點在K段的最后兩句話，屬于數字題。More than 30 years ago可推測應該是上世紀七八十年代，對應原文的1975年;從原文可以看出，在 大一新生中，2005年在高中取得A或者更好成績的人數差不多是總人數的 !%%，而在1975年時此比例減半，大約為11.5%。
4. H 本題的出題點在H段。原文提到最近標準考試有一些負面影響，許多學校已經停止要求用考試分數來評判學生。題干的negative effects轉述了原文 的bad publicity。
5. D 本題是對D段前兩句話的同義轉述。原文提到：有些人把Zalasky的努力這種現象稱為“分數膨脹”，暗示他的這種進步不值得接受，而其他人認為那 些學生真正贏得了好的評價，題干中的win the praise for him同義轉述了原 文中的earning their better marks。
6. B 本題的出題點在B段的第一句和第五句。原文提到even Zalasky is nervous about his prospects。接著在第五句中提到了原因：It’s that so many of his classmates are so good.由此可知題目是這兩句的總結。
7. P 本題的出題點在P段的第二句話。題目中的Some colleges替換原文中的colleges like his;題目中的conquered和原文中的overcome屬于同義詞轉換; 原文中的are more interested in換成了另一種說法would like to admit;原文中 的robots是一種比喻的說法，比喻那些完美得像機器人一樣的學生。
8. N 本題的出題點在N段的最后一句話。題目中的In the next year替換原文中的Next year;題目中的a series of替換原文中的a range of;題目中的avoiding paying too much attention to替換原文中的no longer giving…weight to。
9. S 本題考查人物的觀點。S段后半部分指出，Zalasky表示，學校的想法是，如果你沒有得到全A的成績，你就沒有學得很好，學生們為了得到A都有很 大的壓力。文章最后提到，Hicks將Zalasky所在的學校和紐約洋基隊的情 況作了比較，“如果他們不能取勝，那么他們就失敗了”，即對于學生來說 不能得到A就等于失敗。
10. Q本題出題點在Q段的第一句話。題目表達意思與原句表述一致，題目用非限定性定語從句解釋說明原文中破折號之后的內容;題目中的more and more schools和原文中的a growing number of schools屬于同義轉述。
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However you view credit cards. its hard to live in the modem world without one. And if you have one, you owe it to yourself to use it properly.
Although credit cards are becoming a more acceptable part of the financial scene, they are still regarded with suspicion by many as being a major part of the "live now pay later" syndrome. Along with hire purchase, rental and leasing schemes. they provide encouragement to spend more money. They can allow you to pile up debts that you have difficulty paying off, they can also let you spend next months salary today. Of course, it is only the foolhardy who succumb to the temptation to live. temporarily at least, beyond their means. and such people would no doubt manage to do so even without credit cards.
Advertising campaigns have. however, promoted a growing realization of the advantages of these small pieces of plastic. They obviate the need to carry large amounts of cash and are always useful in emergencies. All the credit card organizations charge interest on a monthly basis which may work out as high as 25 per cent a year. yet judicious purchasing using a card can mean that you obtain up to seven weeks interest freecredit. Using me card abroad where items frequently take a long time to be included on your account can extend this period even further.
It is worthwhile shopping around before deciding on a particular credit card. It is necessary to consider the amount of credit granted; interest rates, which may vary slightly; che number and range of outlets, chough most cards cover major garages, hotels. restaurants and departments stores: and of course. what happens if your card is lost or stolen A credit card chief may be sitting on a potential gold mine particularlyif there is delay in reporting the loss of the card.
Using a credit card wisely takes discipline and a little self-control. Once you realize your debt is someone else’s profit margin, your approach to your plastic will change. With a bit of discipline and some practical knowledge, you can make your cards work for you. rather than the other way round. As a matter of fact, a credit card can cost nothing or at least help to tide you over a period of financial difficulty.
1.Many people suspect that credit cards lure people to_______________.
2.The author seems to believe that even in the absence of credit cards. some people would undoubtedly_________________.
3.In Para. 3, in addition to the advantages of no need lo carry cash and being useful in emergencies, whatelse is said to be the advantage of credit cards?
4.What is the main idea of Para.4?
5.A credit card user can control himself to take better advantage of credit card if he knows well the truth that____________________.
答案：
1.[spend more money/use tomorrows money/live now and pay later]
[定位]第2段第1、2句。
解析：題干中的lure是原文encouragement的同義表達，因此encouragement后的不定式為本題提供了答題依據。此外，第1句的live now pay later意思與之相近，也可為答案。
2.[live beyond their means/live now and pay later]
[定位]第2段末句。
解析：題干中的in the absence of credit cards對應原句的without credit cards，聯系前半句可知原句中do so指的是live beyond their means，即為答案。
3.[Being able to enjoy the free interest in certain period]
[定位]第3段最后兩句。
解析：第3段第2句首先提到了信用卡的兩個優點：no need to carry cash和being useful in emergencies。第3句在提到它收取高額利息后，用yet表轉折提出它的第三個優點：interest free credit,最后一句加以補充說明。
4.[What should be considered before you decide on a credit card]
[定位]第4段首句。
解析：根據主題句第1句及第2句中“It is necessary to consider...”所列舉的事項可以得出結論：該段主要講述選擇信用卡時要考慮的一些因素。
5.[his debt is the banks profit]
[定位]末段第2句。
解析：題干中的if可對應原句的once，know對應realize，故realize后的賓語從句即為題干中賓語the truth的同位語從句。正確理解該賓語從句是解題關鍵，原句的someone else實指銀行，而銀行是信用卡持有人的債主，由此答案不難得出。
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Our culture has caused most Americans to assumenot only that our language is universal. but that thegestures we use are understood by everyone. We donot realize that waving good-bye is the way tosummon a person from the Philippines to ones side. or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries. curling che finger to oneself is a sign of farewell.
Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War IIand marked them GJIF-r to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that "Gift" meanspoison in German. Moreover. we like to think of ourselves as friendly. yet we prefer to be atleast ,3 feet or an arms length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to comecloser and couch. which makes Americans uncomfortable.
Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of thedeveloped tastes.gestures. customs and languages of other countries. are losing us friends. business and respect in the world.
Even here in the United States. we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. Thereare no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do nothave multilingual (多語言的) guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, andmultilingual waiters. bank clerks andpolicemen are rare. Our transportation systems havemaps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them.
When we go abroad. we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. Theattitudes andinformation we pick up are conditioned by those natives-usually the richer-whospeak English. Our businessdealings, as well as the nations diplomacy. are conducted throughinterpreters.
For many years, America and Americans could get by wich cultural blindness and linguisticignorance. Afterall. America was the most powerful country of che free world, the distributorof needed funds and goods.
But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginningto realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A l979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americanswant this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we wantto have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not alwaysbe the upper hand.
1.It can be inferred that Americans beingapproached too closely by Middle Easternerswould most probably_______________.
A) stand still
B) jump aside
C) step forward
D) draw back
2. The author gives many examples io criticize Americans for their_______________.
A) cultural self-centeredness
B) casual manners
C) indifference towards foreign visitors
D) arrogance towards other cultures
3. In countries other than their own most Americans_____________.
A) are isolated by the local people
B) are not well informed due to the language barrier
C) tend to get along well with the natives
D) need interpreters in hotels and restaurants
4. According to the author. Americans cultural blindness and linguistic ignorancewill_________.
A) affect their image in the new era
B) cut themselves off from the outside world
C) limit their role in world affairs
D) weaken the position of the U.S. dollar
5. The authors intention in writing this article is Lo make Americans realizethat____________.
A) it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friends
B) it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairs
C) it is necessary to use several languages in public places
D) it is time to get acquainted with other cultures
1.從文中可以推測出，如果中東人太接近美國人，美國人多半會________。
A) 站立不動
B) 跳到一旁
C) 走上前
D)退后
[D]文章第2段提到，我們喜歡和其他人保持至少3英尺或一臂之長的距離。但拉丁人和中東人卻喜歡站得很近，身體互相接觸，而這使美國人很不舒服。由此可推斷，如雙方靠得太近，美國人定會向后退。因此，D與文中所陳述的意思一致，故而正確。
2.作者給出了很多例子來批評美國人，認為他們_______________。
A) 在文化上以自我為中心
B) 行為很隨便
C) 對外國游客很冷漠
D) 對其他的文化很無知
[A]作者在文章的開篇就提出了淪點，即我們的文化觀使大多數美國人認為自己的語言世界通用，自己的手勢人皆明白，但這種觀點是錯誤的。圍繞此論點，作者舉出了數個例子駁斥美國人這種以自我為中心的文化觀。因此，A與作者所闡述的觀點一致。其余三項都是這種文化觀所引起的后果。
3.在別的國家，大部分美國人_______________。
A) 被當地人所孤立
B) 不知道發生了什么事情，因為有語言障礙
C) 能跟當地人和諧相處
D) 在酒店和餐館都需要口譯員的幫助
[B]第5段提到.每次出國，我們一般都食宿在說英語的那些賓館和飯店中，人們對我們的態度和我們所獲得的信息都是由說英語的本地人——通常是富人決定的。我們的生意往來、國家的外交活動也是通過翻譯才能進行。因此，B與文中所陳述的意思相符，故正確。A的信息在文中并沒有提及;C與文章所提及的觀點相悖;D與文中所給的意思不符。
4.作者認為，美國人的閉塞性和語言上的無知會_____________。
A) 影響他們在新世紀的形象
B)將他們與外界世界隔開來
B)限制他們在世界事務上的作甩
D)削弱美元的地位
[C]第6段和第7段提到，但這一切已成為過去，美元已不再能購買所有的好東西，美國人也開始慢慢地意識到他們在世界的地位正在改變。結合第3段提到的“在語言和文化上的盲目性……正使我們在世界上失去朋友、生意和人們的尊重”，可推斷，美國人的作用已受到限制，C與文章所闡述的觀點一致，故正確。A的信息在文章中并沒有提及,B與文章所陳述的意思相悖;D只是一種次要的影響。
5.作者寫這篇文章是為了讓美國人意識到____________________。
A) 忽視外國朋友是很危險的
B) 保持美國在世界事務上的領導地位是很重要的
C) 在公共場合使用多種語言是必要的
D) 是時候與其他文化打成一片
[D]題目詢問作者寫這篇文章是要使美國人意識到什么。作者在文章的開篇就批評了大多數美國人心目中的一種錯誤的文化觀，即美國的語言世界通用。接著又指出這種文化觀所引起的語言和文化上的盲目性和隨意性使美國人在世界上失去了朋發、生意和人們的尊重。美國在國際事物中的領先地位也正在失去。由此可看出作者的寫作意圖是要美國人克服這種文化上的盲目性，了解世界的文化。因此，D與作者的意圖相符。
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What most people don’t realize is that wealth isn’t the same as income. If you make $ 1 million a year and spend $ 1 million, you’re not getting wealthier, you’re just living high. Wealth is what you accumulate, not what you spend.
The most successful accumulators of wealth spend far less than they can afford on houses, cars, vacations and entertainment. Why? Because these things offer little or no return. The wealthy would rather put their money into investments or their businesses. It’s an attitude.
Millionaires understand that when you buy a luxury house, you buy a luxury life –style too. Your property taxes skyrocket, along with the cost of utilities and insurance, and the prices of nearby services, such as grocery stores, tend to be higher.
The rich man’s attitude can also be seen in his car. Many drive old unpretentious sedans. Sam Walton, billionaire founder of the Wal – Mart Store, Inc., drove a pickup truck.
Most millionaires measure success by net worth, not income. Instead of taking their money home, they plow as much as they can into their businesses, stock portfolios and other assets. Why? Because the government doesn’t tax wealth; it taxes income you bring home for consumption, the more the government taxes.
The person who piles up net worth fastest tends to put every dollar he can into investments, not consumption. All the while, of course, he’s reinvesting his earnings from investments and watching his net worth soar. That’s the attitude as well.
The best wealth-builders pay careful attention to their money and seek professional advice. Those who spend heavily on cars, boats and buses, I’ve found, tend to skimp on investment advice. Those who skimp on the luxuries are usually more willing to pay top dollar for good legal and financial advice.
The self-made rich develop clear goals for their money. They may wish to retire early, or they may want to leave an estate to their children. The goals vary, but two things are consistent: they have a dollar figure in mind-the amount they want to save by age 50, perhaps – and they work unceasingly toward that goal.
One thing may surprise you. If you make wealth – not just income – your goal, the luxury house you’ve been dreaming about won’t seem so alluring. You’ll have the attitude.
1.Which of the following statements is true?
A.Wealth is judged according to the life style one has.
B.Inheritance builds an important part in one’s wealth.
C.High income may make one live high and get rich t the same time.
D.Wealth is more of what one has made than anything else.
2.By the author’s opinion, those who spend money on luxury houses and cars_____.
A.will not be taxed by the government
B.have accumulated wealth in another sense
C.live high and have little saved
D.can show that they are among the rich
3.The rich put their money into business because_____.
A.they can get much in return to build their wealth
B.they are not interested in luxury houses and cars
C.their goal is to develop their company
D.that is the only way to spend money yet not to be taxed by the government
4.The U.S. government doesn’t tax what you spend money on _____.
A.cars Bhouses C.stock D.boats
5.To become wealthy, one should______.
A.seek as much income as he can
B.work hard unceasingly
C.stick to the way he lives
D.save up his earnings
答案：DCACB
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Scholars and students have always been great travelers. The official case for “academic mobility” is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in the corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.
Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues; one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a starling discovery, or a new technique. It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect.
In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.
Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention: there are far more centres of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and students.
In addition one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage above.
It can be concluded from the passage that"academic mobility"_____.
A.means the friendship formed by scholars on the trip
B.is a program initiated by governments
C.has been put great emphasis on in the world
D.means going abroad in search of the best teacher
2.The word "eccentric" in the second paragraph most probably means_____.
A.a rather strange person
B.a person of no exceptional ability
C.an ambitious person
D.peculiar or unusual
3.In the eyes of the author,what happens to a scholar who shares his ideas with his colleagues?
A.He risks his ideas being stolen.
B.He gains recognition for his achievement
C.He is considered as an eccentric.
D.He is credited with a startling discovery.
4.According to the passage,the recent growth in air travel has meant that_____.
A.travel around the world becomes realistic and affordable
B.more students from remote areas can attend universities
C.all kinds of information can be shared by more people
D.scholars can meet each other more easily
5.The author thinks that its important for scholars to be able to travel because_____.
A.their laboratories ate in remote places
B.there is too much stress at universities
C.their fellow experts are scattered around the world
D.there are so many people working in similar fields
文章摘要
議論文。本文主要論述了“學術流動”的諸多現象和引起“學術流動”的因素。
斟詞酌句
in search of 尋找
Newton,the great scientist,spent his whole life in search of truth. 偉大的科學家牛頓一生都要尋求真理。
2.stimulating adj. 刺激的，有刺激性的
To win a prize is always stimulating. 獲獎總是令人激動的。
3.simultaneous adj. 同時發生的，同時存在的，同步的
The two simultaneous shots sounded like one. 同時發出的兩聲槍響聽起來像一聲。
4.reassure vt. 使放心
When the child was afraid in the storm,his parents reassured him. 孩子害怕風暴時，他的父母安慰他。
指點迷津
It must also have been reassuring to know [that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines], and [that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect].在本句中，兩個方括號里“that”引導的從句都是“know”賓語。
2.In addition one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, [which (by widening the total area of advanced studies) has produced an enormous number of specialists (whose particular interests are precisely defined)].在本句中，方括號里“which”引導的定語從句修飾“thevery considerable multiplication of disciplines”;該從句的謂語動詞是“has produced”;該從句中還包含了一個由“whose”引導的定語從句修飾“specialists”。
試題精析
選C.本題為主要細節正誤題。第一段第二句說“academic mobility is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world”，由此可知，人們認為“學術流動”非常重要，C選項與其意思一致;D選項為干擾項，由第一段可推斷“going abroad in search of the best teacher”只是“學術流動”的表現之一，并不是它的含義。
2.選A.本題為詞義推斷題。“eccentric”在文中作名詞，指“古怪的人;有怪癖的人”，所以A選項為正確的答案。
3.選B.本題為觀點態度推斷題。從第二段最后一句可推斷，當一位學者和他的同事分享其想法觀點時，他知道“one was not quite alone”，他會得到對他的成就的認可。
4.選D.本題為主要細節正誤題。第三段最后一句說“……the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible……”，D選項與其意思一致。
5.選C.本題為觀點態度推斷題。文章最后一句說“These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.”，所以C選項為正確答案。
全文翻譯
學者和學生一致都是偉大的旅行者。在全世界，人們現在經常稱“學術流動”為經濟和社會進步的必備基礎，但顯然，這已不是什么新事物了。認真的學生時刻準備著出過，以尋求最棒的老師和最著名的學府，尋求最純粹的哲學，最有效的醫學和最有可能找到金礦的道路。
這種流動也是思想的流動，它們穿越國界，同事影響著各種不同的人群。學習的關鍵在于分享——不管是和學生還是和同事分享。有人認為只有偏執狂才對由驚人的發現或一項新技術帶來的榮譽感感興趣。但是要知道，在世界上的其他地方有其他人和我們有同樣的發現或是以同樣的方式思考著。雖然我們面臨質問、譏諷和漠視，但我們并不孤獨。這一點會讓人寬慰不少。
在20世紀，特別是在最后20年里，那些漫游流浪的學者們以前走的小路已經變成了寬廣的大陸。當然，是飛機這種交通工具讓這成為可能，它讓遠隔重洋的學者們迅速取得聯系，為知識的迅速傳播提供條件。
除了交通工具這個因素，要確認引起最近學術運動大爆炸的因素也是比較容易的。有一些僅僅只是數量上的，不需要的學習中心，和比以前多得多的學者和學生。
另外，我們必須承認，學科門類以相當快的速度增加，特別是在科學領域。通過拓寬整個高深研究的領域，已經出現了大量研究興趣嚴格限定的專家學者。如果這些專輯不和其他國家同樣鼓勵的群體保持聯系，他們會在一種與世隔絕的狀態下工作。
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