職稱英語歷年真題《綜合B》
在各個領域，我們最離不開的就是試題了，通過試題可以檢測參試者所掌握的知識和技能。什么樣的試題才是科學規范的試題呢？以下是小編收集整理的職稱英語歷年真題《綜合B》試題，僅供參考，大家一起來看看吧。
職稱英語歷年真題《綜合B》 1
The Palm Islands are the largest artificial islands in the world and are under construction in Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates. They are being developed as tourist, leisure, and residential resorts, and will increase the coastline of the country by 120 kilometers.
After four years of planning and careful consideration of the environmental issues, construction started in 2001. Dutch engineers with experience of reclaiming land from the sea were employed in the building of the fhst two islands. The site for all three islands is an area of the sea where the water is not very deep. Sand is taken from the seabed and sprayed into the construction site. Although the shallow water facilitates this process, the islands are still very exposed to the currents and tidal movements of the sea. Rocks are used to hold the sand in place resulting in a large crescent (月狀的)structure. This acts as a breakwater and protects the islands from the sea.
The first two islands are in the shape of date palm trees and consist of a trunk and 17 frond, or leaves coming off the trunk. The first island, named Palm Jumeirah, has three five-star hotels in the trunk, and luxury homes in the leaves. It is astonishing that when these homes went on sale in 2004,they were all sold within three days.
The second palm, Jebel All, was started in 2002 and is designed to be an entertainment centre. Six marinas ( 小游艇船塢 )are planned, with a water theme park, and homes built on stilts ( 樁柱 )in the water.
The Palm Deira planned to be the largest of the three islands, with a length of 14 km and a width of 8.5 km, an area larger than the city of Paris. It will consist of residential properties, marinas,shopping malls, sports facilities, and clubs. These will be open to both residents and tourists.
More artificial islands, the World Islands, are now being constructed near the Palm Jumeirah.
They consist of 300 private islands grouped into the shape of the continents of the world and will be used for estates, private homes, community islands, and resorts.
Unquestionably, these artificial islands are one of the wonders of the modem world. They will also maintain Dubais status as one of the leading tourist destinations in the region.
16. Some Dutch engineers are experienced in reclaiming land from the sea.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. The islands are being built in the deep water of the sea.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. Rocks for building the breakwater were taken from the World of Islands.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. All the luxury homes on Palm Jumeriah were sold.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. The water theme park in Jebel Ali will attract more tourists.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. The Palm Deria will be the same size as Paris.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. The World Islands are bigger than the Palm Jumeriah.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
答案與解析
16.A。題干：一些荷蘭的工程師在退海造地方面很有經驗。利用題干關鍵詞Dutch engineers可以定位第二段“Dutch engineers with experience of reclaiming land from the sea wereemployed in the building of the first two islands”，即“有著退海造地經驗的荷蘭工程師受雇于最早兩個島嶼的建設”，由此可知，題干信息與原句信息一致，故答案為A。
17.B。題干：島嶼建在海的深水區。利用題干關鍵詞deep water可以定位到第二段“The sitefor all three islands is an area of the sea where the water is not very deep”。由此可知，題干信息與原句信息不一致，故答案為B。
18.C。題干：用于建造防波堤的巖石取自世界之島。利用題干關鍵詞rocks和WbrldofIslands可以定位第二段“Rocks are used to hold the sand in place resulting in a large crescent(月狀的)structure.This acts as a breakwater and protects the islands from the sea.”，即“巖石用來固定沙子并形成月狀結構，這起到了防波堤的作用從而保護島嶼不受海水的影響”，但是沒有提及這些巖石的來源，由此可知答案為C。
19.A。題干：Palm Jumeriah上那些奢華的`房子都賣掉了。利用題干關鍵詞luxury homes和Palm Jumeriah等可以定位到第三段“The first island，named Palm Jumeirah，has three five—star hotels in the trunk，and luxury homes in the leaves.It is astonishing that when these homes went on sale in 2004，they were all sold within three days”，即“第一個島嶼取名為Palm Jumeriah，樹干部分是五星級的賓館，葉子之中是一些奢華的房子，但是令人吃驚的是這些房子在2004年開始出售，結果三天時間就銷售一空”，由此可知，題干信息與原句信息一致，故答案為A。
20.C。題干：JebelAli島的水主題公園將吸引更多的游客。利用題干關鍵詞JebelAli和tourists可以定位到第四段“Jebel Ali，was started in 2002 and is designed to be an entertainment centre.Six marinas are planned，with a water theme park，and homes built on stilts(樁柱)in the water”，即“JebelAli始建于2002年，其規劃設計是一個娛樂中心。該島上準備建6個小游艇船塢，并有水主題公園以及建在水里木樁上的房子”，但是沒有提及游客的事情，故答案為c。
21.B。題干：Palm Deria跟巴黎一樣大。利用題干關鍵詞Palm Deria和Paris可以定位到第五段“The Palm Deira planned to be the largest of the three islands.with a length of l4 km and a width of8.5 km，an area larger than the city ofParis.”，即“Palm Deira是三個島嶼中最大的，長14千米，寬8.5千米，比巴黎市還大”。由此可知，題干信息與原句信息不一致，故答案為B。
22.C。題干：World Islands比Palm Jumeriah還要大。利用題干關鍵詞World Islands和Palm Jumeriah等可以定位到第六段，該段中提到World Islands位于Palm Jumeriah附近，但是沒有提及兩個島嶼的大小，故答案為C。
職稱英語歷年真題《綜合B》 2
Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimers diseasel and may ultimately allow physicians to predict 51 is at risk of getting this neurological disorder.
The only current means of 52 the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.
"Since Alois Alzheimer described the 53 nearly a century .ago, people have been trying to find a way to 54 diagnose it in its early stages, " said Patricia Grady, acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, Maryland. "This discovery, if 55 , could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease. "
Alzheimers is the single greatest 56 of mental deterioration in older people, affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the United States 57. The devastating disorder gradually destroys memory and the ability to function, and eventually causes death. There is currently no known 58 for the disease.
Researches 59 that the skin cells of Alzheimers patients have defects that interfere with their ability to regulate the flow of potassium in and out of the cells. The fact that the cell defects are present in the skin suggests that Alzheimers 60 from physiological changes throughout the body, and that dementia may be the first noticeable 61 of these changes as the defects affect the cells in the brain, scientists said.
The flow of potassium is especially critical in cells responsible for memory formation. The scientists also found two other defects that affect the cells supply of calcium, another 62 element.
One test developed by researches calls 63 growing skin cells in a laboratory culture and then testing them with an electrical detector to determine if the microscopic tunnels that 64 the flow of potassium are open. Open potassium channels create a unique electrical signature.
A spokesman for the Alzheimers Association said that if the validity of the diagnostic test can be proven it would be an important 65, but cautioned that other promising tests for Aizheimers have been disappointing.
51. A. what
B. one
C. it
D. who
52. A. fighting
B. carrying
C. transmitting
D. diagnosing
53. A. answer
B. effect
C. disease
D. study.
54. A. slowly
B. accurately
C. newly
D. incorrectly
55. A. designed
B. announced
C. confirmed
D. reported
56. A. cause
B. factor
C. focus
D. exception
57. A. finally
B. lonely
C. yet
D. alone
58. A. examination
B. evidence
C. treatment
D. fact
59. A. discovered
B. predicted
C. expected
D. warned
60. A. keeps
B. breaks
C. results
D. translates
61. A. affect
B. remove
C. collect
D. form
62. A. steady
B. natural
C. continuous
D. critical
63. A. at
B. out
C. for
D. of
64. A. start
B. get
C. follow
D. govern
65. A. chance
B. concept
C. development
D. decision
答案與解析
51.D。本題考查關系代詞。題干：科學家們發現，采用皮膚化驗的方法可以判斷病人是否患有老年癡呆癥，并且最終有助于醫生預測__________有患上這種神經功能紊亂性疾病的危險。此處是“預測”的賓語從句，而該從句缺少主語，所以用who引導。因此該題答案為D。
52.D。本題考查語義線索。題干：要 __________ 一個病人是否患有這類疾病，目前唯一的方法是進行一系列長期而昂貴的測試，以排除導致癡呆的其他病因。四個選項分別代入后，只有diagnose the disease(診斷疾病)比較符合語境，所以該題答案為D。
【考點延伸】fight for/against sth為……而戰/為反對……而戰
53.C。本題考查語義線索。題干：自從艾洛伊斯阿爾茨海默記載了這個__________以后，近一百年來人們一直在努力尋找能夠在早期階段就能__________診斷出這種疾病的方法……本文討論的早老性癡呆癥，因而是記載了這個疾病以來，所以該題答案為C。
54.B。本題考查語義線索。題干：自從艾洛伊斯阿爾茨海默記載了這個疾病以后，近一百年來人們一直在努力尋找能夠在早期階段就能__________診斷出這種疾病的方法……四個選項分別代入，顯然是尋求精確診斷的方法，所以該題的答案為B。
55.C。本題考查語義線索。題干：這個發現如果__________，將會意味著我們在治療和了解這種病癥方面前進了一大步。上文提到近一百年來人們一直在努力尋找能夠精確診斷的方’法，所以一旦該發現得到證實，將使一大進步，所以該題的答案為C。
56.A。本題考查語義線索。題干：早老性癡呆是導致老年人大腦功能退化的唯一的重要。早老性癡呆與大腦退化有著直接的'聯系，而不僅僅只是影響因素，所以選擇reason比較符合語境
57.D。本題考查語義線索。題干：早老性癡呆是導致老年人大腦功能退化的唯一的重要原因。在美國，就有約250萬到400萬人患有這種疾病。四個選項分別代入后，僅僅在美國比較符合邏輯，突出早老性癡呆的嚴重性，所以該題答案為D，其他三個都與語境不搭。
58.C。本題考查語義線索。題干：目前，對這種病仍然沒有已知的。四個選項分別代入后，結合上下文可知是沒有已知的治療方法，所以該題答案為C，其他三個都與語境不搭。
59.A。本題考查語義線索。題干：研究者早老性癡呆癥患者的皮膚細胞有缺損，這種缺損會影響人體對出入于細胞的鉀的流量的調控。四個選項分別代入后，結合上下文可知研究者發現了早老性癡呆癥患者的皮膚細胞有缺損的癥狀，所以該題答案為A，其他三個都與語境不搭。
60.C。本題考查語義和固定搭配。題干：科學家認為皮膚細胞有缺損這個事實表明，早老性癡呆人體全身的生理變化，并且大腦細胞受損帶來的變化所產生的最為明顯的就是癡呆。四個選項都可以跟后面的介詞from搭配，其中keep from意為“阻止，抑制”，break from意為“決裂，掙脫”，result from意為“起因于，由……造成”，translate…from…意為“從……翻譯為……”，但是語境是分析早老性癡呆的原因，所以result from比較符合語境，因而答案為C。
【考點延伸】resultin(導致);be causedby(由……引起);bring about(因此，產生)
61.A。此處考查語義線索。題干：科學家認為皮膚細胞有缺損這個事實表明，早老性癡呆由人體全身的生理變化所引起，并且這種受損大腦細胞時，這種變化所產生的最為明顯的影響就是癡呆。四個選項分別代入后，此處就是分析受損細所帶來的影響，因此affect(影響)比較符合此處的語境，其他三個選項跟語境不搭。
62.D。這里考查語義和并列結構。題干：鉀的流量對于與記憶密切相關的細胞至關重要。科學家還發現還有兩種細胞的缺損會影響細胞中鈣的含量。鈣也是一種元素。從“also”可知前后的分句之間為并列關系，討論的是細胞的缺損會帶來鉀和鈣的流失，由此可知此處也應填入critical一詞，與上一句相照應。
63.c。此處是考查固定搭配。題干：研究者進行的皮膚測試中有一種在實驗室環境中培養皮膚細胞。call與選項中的四個詞都可以組成固定搭配，其中call at意為“拜訪，訪問”，call out意為“喚起，大聲喊”，call for意為“要求”，call of意為“邀……同去”，但是只有call for符合語境，所以該題答案為C。
【考點延伸】call off(取消，刪除);call up(召集)
64.D。此處考查語義線索。題干：研究者進行的皮膚測試中有一種要求在實驗室環境中培養皮膚細胞，然后使用檢電器進行測試，檢查鉀量的極微小管道是否暢通。四個選項分別代入后，可知微小管道的主要功能就是來控制鉀量，因而該題的正確答案為D。
65.C。此處考查語義線索。題干：早老性癡呆研究協會的一名發言人說，這種診斷性測試如果得到證實，將是一個重要的__________。根據語境，如果診斷性測試得到證實，就會給早老性癡呆的診治提供幫助，所以這是一個重要的進步，因此該題的答案為C。備考。
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