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2023年12月大學(xué)英語六級(jí)翻譯練習(xí)
在學(xué)習(xí)、工作生活中，我們都可能會(huì)接觸到練習(xí)題，只有多做題，學(xué)習(xí)成績才能提上來。學(xué)習(xí)就是一個(gè)反復(fù)反復(fù)再反復(fù)的過程，多做題。一份好的習(xí)題都是什么樣子的呢？以下是小編收集整理的2023年12月大學(xué)英語六級(jí)翻譯練習(xí)，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。
商品過度包裝
請(qǐng)將下面這段話翻譯成英文：
過度包裝浪費(fèi)資源、污染環(huán)境、危害社會(huì)利益，于國家、社會(huì)和個(gè)人都是有百害而無一利，應(yīng)堅(jiān)決予以杜絕。要建立樸素的包裝理念，提倡適度包裝。建設(shè)節(jié)約型社會(huì)(conservation-mindedsociety)，社會(huì)、企業(yè)和個(gè)人都有責(zé)任。個(gè)人要建立綠色消費(fèi)觀，提倡樸素消費(fèi)。如果人際交往中重情誼輕禮品，重實(shí)際輕面子，這樣過度包裝就沒有生存的土壤。社會(huì)應(yīng)加大宣傳力度，引導(dǎo)樸素、理性的消費(fèi)觀念，培育健康的社會(huì)風(fēng)貌。
參考譯文：
Over-packaging should be forbidden due to itswasting resources, polluting the enviromnent,endangering social interest, which will do nothingbut harm to the country, society and individuals. Weshould establish the idea of packaging simply andadvocate proper package. Its the common responsibility of society, enterprises and individualsto construct a conservation-minded society. Individuals should build up. a view of greenconsumption and advocate plain-consuming. If everyone emphasizes friendship rather thangifts, content rather than surface in social relationship, over-packaging can by no means exist.Our society should further advocate the concept of plain and reasonable consuming so as tofoster a healthy social atmosphere.
1.有百害而無一利:可譯為do nothing but harm to...。其中do nothing but意為“只，僅僅”，更有“除此之外并無其他”的意味。也可以用is of no good for來表達(dá)。
2.節(jié)約型社會(huì):可以有多種表達(dá)，如conservation-minded society, conservation-oriented society或resource-saving society等。
3.綠色消費(fèi)觀:可譯為a view of green consumption。“觀點(diǎn)”可以用view, concept, idea等詞表達(dá)。
4.樸素消費(fèi):可譯為plain-consuming。其中plain意為“樸素的，簡樸的”，例如 “艱苦樸素”可譯為hardworking and plain-living。
5.重情誼輕禮品:可以理解為“重視情誼而不是禮品”，故此處譯為emphasizes friendship rather thangifts。
中國礦產(chǎn)資源
話題原文：
中國礦產(chǎn)資源豐富，已探明的礦藏種類約有170多種，其中有些礦產(chǎn)只產(chǎn)于中國。中國石油、天然氣資源非常豐富。陸上油田(onshore oilfield)分布在東北、華北、西北等地，如大慶、勝利、遼河油田等。中國的鐵礦儲(chǔ)量(iron orereserves) 約有500億噸，是世界上幾個(gè)少有的鐵礦儲(chǔ)備豐富的國家之一。中國的有色金屬(nonferrous metals)儲(chǔ)量豐富，品種繁多，有“有色金屬王國”之稱。實(shí)際上，從礦產(chǎn)資源總量上來計(jì)算，中國是資源大國。但是因?yàn)橹袊丝诒姸啵司Y源占有量不及世界平均水平的一半。
參考譯文：
China is rich in mineral resources.The types of theconfirmed minerals are approximately more than170 and some types of the minerals can only befound in China.China is abundant in oil and naturalgas.Onshore oilfields are distributed in Northeast,North and Northwest China etc.,such as Daqing, Shengli and Liaohe oilfields.There are about 50billion tons of iron ore reserves in China, which makes China be one of the few countries withwealthy iron ore resources.China is rich in nonferrous metals of great variety, which enjoys areputation as“the Kingdom of Nonferrous Metals”.In feet, China is a country with richresources in terms of total ore reserves.But,because of the large population, the reserve percapita is less than half of the world average level.
1.礦產(chǎn)資源豐富:可譯為be rich in mineral resources。
2.己探明的礦藏:可譯為the confirmed minerals。
3.只產(chǎn)于中國:可譯為be only found in China。
4.鐵礦儲(chǔ)量:可譯為iron ore reserves。
5.有色金屬王國:可譯為Kingdom of NonferrousMetals。
6.不及世界平均水平的一半:可譯為less than half of theworld average level。“平均水平”譯為average level。
皮影戲
皮影戲(shadow play)是中國的一種民間藝術(shù)，擁有悠久的歷史。皮影戲所需要的演員是用牛皮做的皮影人形，由一個(gè)或幾個(gè)人控制著，并用光將它們反射到幕布上。皮影戲在陜西和甘肅地區(qū)最為流行，經(jīng)常在廟會(huì)、婚禮和葬禮等場合演出。皮影戲是用來驅(qū)邪的，人們希望皮影戲的演出能給他們帶來好運(yùn)。精致生動(dòng)的皮影人形已經(jīng)成為一種收藏品，深受外國人的喜愛。
參考譯文
Shadow play is a form of Chinese folk art with a long history. The actors or actresses in a shadow play are figures made of cow leather. Being controlled by one or several persons, these figures are reflected via a light on the screen. Shadow play is most popular in the area of Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces and often performed in the temple fairs, wedding ceremonies and funeral ceremonies, etc. With the purpose of driving out evil spirits, people wish that the performance of shadow play will bring them good fortune. Delicate and vivid shadow figures have become a kind of collection and are greatly loved by foreigners.
翻譯要點(diǎn)
①第1句可用并列結(jié)構(gòu)譯出（Shadow play is a... and has ...)，但不如把后半句“擁有......”處理成后置定語，用介詞短語with a long history表達(dá)來得簡潔。
②第2句較長，可將其拆譯成兩個(gè)句子。在“皮影戲所需要的演員”中，定語“所需要”可以省略不譯，譯成The actors or actresses in ashadow play...即可將意思表達(dá)清楚。“用牛皮做的”可譯為過去分詞短語made of...，作figures的后置定語，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)清晰簡潔。在翻譯“由……，并……”時(shí)，需補(bǔ)充主語“皮影人形”。其中前半句可處理成方式狀語，用現(xiàn)在分詞短語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)來表達(dá)，譯作Being controlled by...；“用光”表方式，可譯為via light。
③在第3句中，“陜西”和“甘肅”宜補(bǔ)譯性質(zhì)Province(省）；“經(jīng)常在……等場合演出”為無被動(dòng)標(biāo)識(shí)詞的被動(dòng)句，應(yīng)譯為is performed in...,并可承前省略is。
④第4句中的“皮影戲是用來驅(qū)邪的”可處理為原因狀語，譯作With the purpose of driving out evil spirits；“皮影戲的演出能給他們帶來好運(yùn)”作“希望"(wish)的賓語，可用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句來表達(dá)，譯為 (that) the performance of shadow play will...。
昆曲
昆曲(Kunqu Opera)源于江蘇昆山地區(qū)，至今已有600多年的歷史，它是中國戲曲最古老的存在形式之一。昆曲有一個(gè)完整的表演體系并且有自己獨(dú)特的腔調(diào)。昆曲在明朝初期得到發(fā)展。從16到18世紀(jì)，它一直主宰著中國戲曲。此外，昆曲還影響了許多其他的中國戲曲形式。今天，昆曲依然在中國的一些大城市被進(jìn)行表演，受到了許多人的喜愛。
參考譯文
Kunqu Opera originated in the Kunshan region of Jiangsu. It is one of the oldest existing forms of Chinese operas with a history of more than 600 years. Kunqu Opera has a complete system of acting characterized by its own distinctive tunes. During the early Ming Dynasty, Kunqu Opera got developed and it dominated Chinese theatre from the 16th to the 18th century. In addition, Kunqu Opera has influenced many other Chinese theatre forms. Today, Kunqu Opera is still played in some major cities of China and enjoys a popularity among many people.
翻譯要點(diǎn)
①至今已有600多年的歷史:“已有600多年的歷史”可譯為with a history of more than 600 years,其中with ahistory of意表示“有...的歷史”，more than表示“多于，超過”。
②昆曲在明朝初期得到發(fā)展:“發(fā)展”可譯為develop,常用的短語有develop into, 意為“發(fā)展成為”。“明朝初期”可譯為theearly Ming Dynasty,而“明朝末期”可譯為the late MingDynasty。
③此外，昆曲還影響了許多其他的中國戲曲形式:“此外”可譯為in addition。“影響”可譯為influence，也可譯為have the influence of。
黃梅戲
黃梅戲(Huangmei Opera)源于湖北省黃梅縣的采茶歌曲，連同京劇、越劇 (Yue Opera)、評(píng)劇(Ping Opera)和豫劇(Yu Opera)是中國的五大戲曲。它最初是以一種簡單的載歌載舞的戲劇形式出現(xiàn)的。后來，隨著飽受洪水災(zāi)害的災(zāi)民，黃梅戲傳到了安徽省安慶市。它吸收了徽劇和當(dāng)?shù)馗栉璧脑兀l(fā)展到了今天的形式。黃梅戲以一種淸新的風(fēng)格反映了普通居民的生活，受到了群眾的喜愛。
參考譯文
Traditional Chinese wedding customs are considered as the Huangmei Opera was originated from tea picking songs in Huangmei county, Hubei province.It is one of the Five Operas in China together with Beijing Opera, Yue Opera, Ping Opera and Yu Opera.It first appeared as a simple drama of song and dance. Later, it was spread to Anqing city, Anhui province by immigrating victims of floods. Absorbing elements of Anhui Opera and local songs and dances, Huangmei Opera was developed to the present form. It enjoys great popularity among the masses by reflecting the life of ordinary people in a fresh style.
翻譯要點(diǎn)
①黃梅戲源于湖北省黃梅共的采茶歌曲，連同京劇、越劇、評(píng)劇和豫劇是中國的五大戲曲:后半句可以理解為“黃梅戲是中國五大戲曲之一”，即 Huangmei Opera isone of the Five Operas in China。再翻譯句子的剩余部分連同京劇、越劇、評(píng)劇和豫劇”時(shí)，可將其著作是句子的狀語，譯為together with Beijing Opera, Yue Opera, Ping Opera and Yu Opera。
②它最初是以一種簡單的載歌載舞的戲劇形式出現(xiàn)的:“簡單的載歌載舞的戲劇形式”可譯為a simple drama of song and dance。san后來，隨著飽受洪水災(zāi)害的災(zāi)民，黃梅戲傳到了安徽省安慶市:該句可譯為被動(dòng)句，其中主干則是it was spread to...by immigrating victims of floods。
中醫(yī)Chinese medicine
中醫(yī)(Traditional Chinese Medicine )有五千多年的歷史，是中國古代勞動(dòng)人民幾千年來對(duì)抗疾病的經(jīng)驗(yàn)總結(jié)。中醫(yī)將人體看成是氣、形、神的統(tǒng)一體，以“望、聞(auscultationand olfaction)、問、切”為其獨(dú)特的診斷過程。中醫(yī)使用中藥、針灸(acupuncture)以及許多其他治療手段，使人體達(dá)到陰陽調(diào)和。陰陽和五行是中醫(yī)的理論基礎(chǔ)。五行是自然界中的五種基本物質(zhì)，即金、木、水、火、土。
參考譯文Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has along history of more than 5,000 years. It is a summary of the experience of theworking people over many centuries of struggle against diseases. TCM considers humanbody as a unity of QI, XING and SHEN. The diagnostic process of TCMdistinguishes itself by “observation，auscultation andolfaction, inquiry and pulse diagnosis”. TCM uses traditional Chinese medicine,acupuncture and many other treatment means to make human body be harmonybetween YIN and YANG. The concepts of YIN-YANG and WU XING laid atheoreticalfoundation for TCM. WU XING refers to five basic substances in the nature, thatis, metal, wood, water, fire, and earth.
翻譯要點(diǎn)
①氣、形、神的統(tǒng)一體:“氣、形、神”這種中文詞匯在英文中鮮有恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯與之對(duì)應(yīng)，翻譯成拼音即可;“統(tǒng)一體”可譯為unity
②望、聞、問、切:“望”即“觀察”，可譯為observation;“聞”有“聽”的意思，也有“嗅”的意思，在中醫(yī)里也是如此，原文里已經(jīng)給出提示，譯為 auscultation and olfaction; “問”即“詢問”，翻譯為 inquiry; “切” 指“診脈”，翻譯為pulse diagnosis
③陰陽調(diào)和:即陰陽平衡，可譯為make YIN and YANG in equilibrium或者 beharmony between YIN and YANG
④金:五行中的“金”不是“金子”，而是“金屬”之意，所以要翻譯成metal, 而不要譯成gold。
婚姻Marriage
（1）中國人稱結(jié)婚為終身大事，因?yàn)橹袊说募易逵^念很重，認(rèn)為齊家是治國的根本。
（2）中國古人不斷告訴讀書人，要想替國家做事，必須先把家庭治理好。
（3）中國人不僅把婚姻看成一男一女的結(jié)合，還把它當(dāng)作社會(huì)的基礎(chǔ)，是很莊重的事，一點(diǎn)也不能馬虎。
（4）舊式的中國婚姻，并不是自己選擇對(duì)象，而是由家長做主，還需要媒人的介紹。
（5）到了現(xiàn)代，婚姻由自己做主，但是仍要征求家長同意。
參考譯文
Chinese people define marriage as a lifelong event, because they have a strong family ideal, with the belief that running a good family is the foundation for running the country. Chinese ancients kept warning scholars that they should run their families well before they could work for the country. Therefore, Chinese people regard marriage not only as the union of a man and a woman, but also as the foundation of society, which should be treated with solemnity and without the least rashness. in old Chinese marriage arrangements, one didnt choose his or her spouse, who was instead arranged by the parents with the help of matchmakers. In modern times, one chooses his or her own marriage partner, but still with the assent of the parents.
翻譯要點(diǎn)
①本句第一個(gè)短句的主語是“中國人”，第三個(gè)短句的邏輯主語也是“中國人”，為便于將三個(gè)短句合并譯為英語長句，第二個(gè)短句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為“中國人有很重的家族觀念”來翻譯，從而將其主語從“中國人的家族觀念”轉(zhuǎn)換為“中國人”。第三個(gè)短句的譯法較多，既可以譯為介詞短語，也可以譯為分詞短語。Chinese people define marriage as a lifelong event, because they have a strong family ideal, with the belief that running a good family is the foundation for running the country.Chinese people define marriage as a lifelong event, because they have a strong family ideal, believing that running a good family is the foundation for running the country.
②短句“要想替國家做事”和“必須先把家庭治理好”都是無主句。根據(jù)第一個(gè)短句可判斷出，后兩個(gè)短句的邏輯主語都是“讀書人”，翻譯時(shí)需增添主語they，以使譯文句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整。Chinese ancients kept warning scholars that they should run their families well before they could work for the country.
③“不僅……還……”可以采用并列結(jié)構(gòu)句型“not only ... but also ... ”來譯，這樣“把……看成……”和“把……當(dāng)作……”兩個(gè)重復(fù)的短語只需譯出一個(gè)即可。“是很莊重的事，一點(diǎn)也不能馬虎”是無主句，根據(jù)上文可知其邏輯主語是“婚姻”，翻譯時(shí)可以采用關(guān)系代詞which作主語，替代“婚姻”(marriage)，從而將后兩個(gè)短句譯為定語從句，連接到主句上。Therefore, Chinese people regard marriage not only as the union of a man and a woman, but also as the foundation of society, which should be treated with solemnity and without the least rashness.
④這句話講的是過去的情況，其譯文需采用過去時(shí)。“舊式的中國婚姻”并非是“自己選擇對(duì)象”的主語，而是表示“在舊式的婚姻中，(人們)并不是自己選擇對(duì)象”，翻譯時(shí)需增添主語one，表示是當(dāng)時(shí)普遍存在的情況。In old Chinese marriage arrangements, one didnt choose his or her spouse, who was instead arranged by the parents with the help of matchmakers.
⑤“婚姻”并非是“自己做主”的主語，而是表示“在婚姻中，(人們)自己做主”，翻譯時(shí)需添加主語one，以使譯文句子完整、邏輯合理。In modern times, one chooses his or her own marriage partner, but still with the assent of the parents.
琴棋書畫
（1）中國人最懂得消遣，中國從前的讀書人，閑暇時(shí)間以琴棋書畫作為消遣。
（2）在中國人看來，藝術(shù)品的好壞，意味著作者人格的高低，所以彈琴、下棋、寫字和繪畫，都代表著一個(gè)人的修養(yǎng)。
（3）彈琴不是要做音樂家，而是隨著美妙的琴聲，進(jìn)入一個(gè)遼闊的世界，凈化自己的心靈。
（4）下棋不是為了勝負(fù)，而是磨練耐性和使人眼光遠(yuǎn)大。
（5）寫字不僅是把字寫漂亮，同時(shí)也是為了陶冶情操。
（6）繪畫則是借著畫面上的簡單線條，表現(xiàn)自己的想象的世界。
參考譯文
Music, Chess, Calligraphy and PaintingChinese people have the best idea about recreation. Scholars of ancient times enjoyed themselves through music, chess, calligraphy and painting in their leisure time. In the eyes of the Chinese people, the quality of the artifacts is a reflection of the character of the creator. Thus, playing musical instruments, playing chess, writing calligraphy or painting show ones culture. By playing music, one does not aim to be a musician but to enter a broader world, purifying ones soul in the beautiful music. By playing chess, one does not aim to be the winner but to cultivate patience and foresight. By calligraphy, one aims not only to write beautifully but also to improve his mind. Through painting, one expresses an imaginary world with simple lines.
翻譯要點(diǎn)
（1）這句話中的“最懂得消遣”容易被譯為know recreation best，這一譯法存在模糊信息，是know recreation better than other people know it? 還是knowrecreation better than they know anything else? 因此這一譯法不可取。建議譯者不妨將“最懂得”進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，譯為have the best idea，譯文就會(huì)顯得較為清晰。“以琴棋書畫”在原文中作狀語，翻譯時(shí)可將其放在謂語之后。
（2）“人格的高低”中的“高低”可省略不譯，也就是說“藝術(shù)品的質(zhì)量反映了作者的人格”。動(dòng)詞“意味著”可以轉(zhuǎn)譯為名詞reflection或symbol。
（3）原文中“做音樂家”的邏輯主語并非是“彈琴”，而是“彈琴的人”，譯文需要加以補(bǔ)充，采用one或you作主語。“不是……而是……”可以用英語的并列結(jié)構(gòu)句型“not ... but ...”來翻譯。“隨著美妙的琴聲”在原文中作狀語，翻譯時(shí)可將其置于謂語之后。
（4）這句話的主語同樣應(yīng)當(dāng)采用one或you，而非“下棋”。“勝負(fù)”可轉(zhuǎn)譯為名詞the winner。
（5）寫字不僅是把字寫漂亮，同時(shí)也是為了陶冶情操。 解析 這句話的主語同樣應(yīng)當(dāng)采用one或you，而非“寫字”。“不僅……而且……”可以用英語的并列結(jié)構(gòu)句型“not only ... but also ...”來翻譯。
（6）這句話的主語同樣應(yīng)當(dāng)采用one或you，而非“繪畫”。本句中的主干部分是“表現(xiàn)自己的想象的世界”，“借著畫面上的簡單線條”是動(dòng)作的狀語，翻譯時(shí)可以用with引導(dǎo)的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)，將其置于謂語之后。
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