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2017下半年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解訓(xùn)練題
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀在考試中占有分?jǐn)?shù)的比例很大，拿下閱讀基本上英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試就成功了一半。以下是yjbys網(wǎng)小編整理的關(guān)于英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解訓(xùn)練題，供大家備考。
Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)
Section A
Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel
47 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We’re48 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the49 to this ambivalence(矛盾情結(jié)) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(經(jīng)濟(jì)作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more50 ways of doing it.
The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be
51 by imports—pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.
Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit?ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political52 .
But strong opinions have not brought53 . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become54 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.
The55 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It’s no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束縛). It’s what we eat—and how we56 it with friends, family, and strangers—that help define America as a community today.
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A. answerB. resultC. shareD. guiltyE. constant F. definedG. vanishH. adaptedI. creativeJ. belief K. suspiciousL. certaintyM. obsessedN. identifyO. ideals |
Section B
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D) .You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Resources can be said to be scarce in both an absolute and relative sense: the surface of the Earth is finite, imposing absolute scarcity; but the scarcity that concerns economists is the relative scarcity of resources in different uses. Materials used for one purpose cannot at the same time be used for other purposes; if the quantity of an input is limited, the increased use of it in one manufacturing process must cause it to become less available for other uses.
The cost of a product in terms of money may not measure its true cost to society. The true cost of, say, the construction of a supersonic jet is the value of the schools and refrigerators that will never be built as a result. Every act of production uses up some of society’s available resources; it means the foregoing of an opportunity to produce something else. In deciding how to use resources most effectively to satisfy the wants of the community, this opportunity cost must ultimately be taken into account.
In a market economy the price of a good and the quantity supplied depend on the cost of making it, and that cost, ultimately, is the cost of not making other goods. The market mechanism enforces this relationship. The cost of, say, a pair of shoes is the price of the leather, the labor, the fuel, and other elements used up in producing them. But the price of these inputs, in turn, depends on what they can produce elsewhere—if the leather can be used to produce handbags that are valued highly by consumers, the prices of leather will be bid up correspondingly.
57. What does this passage mainly discuss?
A) The scarcity of manufactured goods.
B) The value of scarce materials.
C) The manufacturing of scarce goods.
D) The cost of producing shoes.
58. According to the passage, what are the opportunity costs of an item?
A) The amount of time and money spent in producing it.
B) The opportunities a person has to buy it.
C) The value of what could have been produced instead.
D) The value of the resources used in its production.
59. According to the passage, what is the relationship between production and resources?
A) Available resources stimulate production.
B) Resources are totally independent of production.
C) Production increases as resources increase.
D) Production lessens the amount of available resources.
60. What determines the price of a good in a market economy?
A) The cost of all elements in production.B) The cost of not making other goods.
C) The efficiency of the manufacturing process.D) The quantity of materials supplied.
61. Which of the following examples BEST reflects a cost to society as defined in the passage?
A) A family buying a dog.
B) Eating in a restaurant instead of at home.
C) Using land for a house instead of a park.
D) Staying at home instead of going to school.
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well?beings of a social group?s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.
Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may discipline group members who inhibit(阻礙) attainment of the group?s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.
62. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A) The problems faced by leaders.
B) How leadership differs in small and large groups.
C) How social groups determine who will lead them.
D) The role of leaders in social groups.
63. The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT .
A) recruitment
B) formal election process
C) specific leadership training
D) traditional cultural patterns
64. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A) person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.
B) Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.
C) A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.
D) Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.
65. In mentioning “natural leaders” in line 7, the author is making the point that .
A) few people qualify as “natural leaders”
B) there is no proof that “natural leaders” exist
C) “natural leaders” are easily accepted by the members of a group
D) “natural leaders” share a similar set of characteristics
66. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on .
A) ensuring harmonious relationships
B) sharing responsibility with group members
C) identifying new leaders
D) achieving a goal
47. Dfeel是一個(gè)系動(dòng)詞，可以判斷此處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)形容詞，通過(guò)上下文意思，以及后面介詞about, 可以確定選項(xiàng)為D項(xiàng)guilty, 短語(yǔ)feel guilty about sth. “對(duì)…感到有愧”。全句的意思為“我們很愛(ài)吃，但是往往在吃完之后又有負(fù)罪感”。
48. Mbe obsessed with 為固定搭配，原意為“被…附上/纏住/迷住心竅”，放在本句表示“十分重視”。全句的意思為“我們很關(guān)心健康和減肥，但肥胖卻又空前地在蔓延”。
49. A本句缺一個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，并且根據(jù)和介詞to的搭配，可以推斷出正確選項(xiàng)answer。
50. I 本句根據(jù)more和ways可以判斷出需要填入一個(gè)形容詞構(gòu)成比較級(jí)，根據(jù)上下文，表示“旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，卻激發(fā)了更多新奇的方法來(lái)酗酒”，可以確定I為正確選項(xiàng)。
51. F本題較難。根據(jù)be 和by 確定應(yīng)填入一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞。再根據(jù)上下文，上文表示“應(yīng)該吃典型的美國(guó)人吃的食物”，下文通過(guò) but 轉(zhuǎn)折，表示實(shí)際上“美國(guó)的食物已經(jīng)被諸如比薩和熱狗這樣的舶來(lái)品所詮釋了”，因此可以確定F為正確選項(xiàng)。
53. L由于橫線后面沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，可以確定不是形成bring的短語(yǔ)，這樣本句所缺的為一名詞，做bring的賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)下文解釋，“美國(guó)人對(duì)他們所吃的食物的態(tài)度是矛盾的”，可以推出本句意義為“堅(jiān)定的觀點(diǎn)也不是確定不變的”。因此可以確定L為正確選項(xiàng)。
54. K系動(dòng)詞become后應(yīng)填入一個(gè)形容詞，和后面介詞of形成短語(yǔ)be/become suspicious of “對(duì)…感到懷疑”。
55. J本句缺一個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，并且根據(jù)和介詞in的搭配，可以推斷出正確選項(xiàng)belief，“(have)belief in sth.” 相信…。
56. C本句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，缺一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，且和with 搭配，確定選項(xiàng)share,“share sth with sb, 與某人分享某事”。
Section B
57. B主旨題。本文三段內(nèi)容均圍繞短缺原料的價(jià)值進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。文章第一段說(shuō)明了什么叫原料相對(duì)短缺，第二段說(shuō)明了什么叫機(jī)會(huì)成本，第三段說(shuō)明了原料的價(jià)格是由什么決定的。
58. C細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。第二段中“Every act of production uses up some of society?s available resources; it means the foregoing of an opportunity to produce something else.”說(shuō)明機(jī)會(huì)成本是用可生產(chǎn)的其他商品來(lái)衡量的，選項(xiàng)C正好符合該意思。
59. D細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。第一段“Materials used for one purpose cannot at the same time be used for other purposes; if the quantity of an input is limited, the increased use of it in one manufacturing process must cause it to become less available for other uses.”說(shuō)明社會(huì)總資源是有限的，用掉其中一些就會(huì)使總量減少并限制其他商品的生產(chǎn)。
60. A細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。文章第三段“In a market economy the price of a good and the quantity supplied depends on the cost of making it”(市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下，商品的價(jià)格和產(chǎn)量取決于其成本),然后又說(shuō) “The cost of, say, a pair of shoes is the price of the leather, the labor, the fuel, and other elements used up in producing them.”以鞋子為例說(shuō)明商品價(jià)格是由生產(chǎn)要求決定的。
61. C推斷題。文主要闡述了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)里面的一個(gè)重要概念——“機(jī)會(huì)成本”，是講商品生產(chǎn)和社會(huì)資源之間的關(guān)系。A、B、D均未涉及到生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域，只有C符合本文的主旨。
62. D主旨題。本篇主要討論不同的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者(如instrumental leaders以及expressive leaders)在不同的社會(huì)群體中所充當(dāng)?shù)慕巧桶l(fā)揮的功能。所以D為正確答案。A、B、C選項(xiàng)都不能正確概括本文主旨。
63. C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A選項(xiàng)的招募(recruitment)和B選項(xiàng)選舉程序(election process)都在第一段中作為大群體的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者產(chǎn)生的方式被明確提到。D選項(xiàng)也在第一段中作為家庭領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的產(chǎn)生的方式被明確提到。只有C選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有作為產(chǎn)生領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的一種方式在本文中被提及。
64. A推論題。A選項(xiàng)意思是:某一特定群體的有效領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，不一定就可以成為另一群體的有效領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。這正好與第二段的意思相吻合，即領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者沒(méi)有一個(gè)固定的特點(diǎn)，只是符合了一個(gè)特定群體需要的人就有可能成為該群體的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者(It seems…virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group)。B選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)的意思與本文無(wú)關(guān)。D選項(xiàng)意為:許多人想成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，但卻很少能拿出證據(jù)來(lái)證明他們具有這樣的資格。顯然是對(duì)文章意思的曲解。
65. B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段中“…decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of ‘natural leaders’”意思是說(shuō)數(shù)十年來(lái)的研究并不能找出可靠證據(jù)來(lái)證明那些人可以成為“天生領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者”，與B項(xiàng)意思一致。
66. D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三、四段主要講了兩種類(lèi)型的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的區(qū)別。其中instrumental leader側(cè)重于群體目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，而expressive leader相對(duì)于前者并不側(cè)重于群體目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，而是注重為群體成員提供情感支持，并盡力減少內(nèi)部紛爭(zhēng)。(Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.)
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