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外研版初一英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
想要學(xué)好初一英語(yǔ)，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí)是一項(xiàng)重要的內(nèi)容。以下是小編給你推薦的初一英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)，希望對(duì)你有幫助!
常用句式：
1， 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+V原 can do= be able to do
2， Play+ the+ 樂(lè)器+球類(lèi)，棋類(lèi)
3， join 參加社團(tuán)、組織、團(tuán)體
4， 4個(gè)說(shuō)的區(qū)別：say+內(nèi)容Speak+語(yǔ)言
Talk 談?wù)?talk about sthtalk with sbtalk to sb
Tell 告訴，講述 tell sb (not)to do sth
Tell stories/ jokes
5， want= would like +(sb)to do sth
6， 4個(gè)也的區(qū)別：too 肯定句末 (前面加逗號(hào))
Either否定句末(前面加逗號(hào))
Also 行前be 后
As well 口語(yǔ)中(前面不加逗號(hào))
7， be good at+ V-ing=do well in 擅長(zhǎng)于
be good for 對(duì)?有益 (be bad for對(duì)?有害)
be good to 對(duì)?友好 (good 可用friendly，nice，kind替換)
be good with和?相處好=get on/ along well with
8， 特殊疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成：疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句
9， How/ what about+V-ing?怎么樣?(表建議)
10，感官動(dòng)詞(look, sound, taste, smell, feel)+adj/ like
11，選擇疑問(wèn)句：回答不能直接用Yes或者No，要從中選擇一個(gè)回答
12，students wanted for school show(wanted表示招募，含有被動(dòng)意義)
13，show sth to sb=show sb sth give sth to sb=give sb sth
14，help sb (to)do sth
Help sb with sth
With sb’s help= with the help of sb
Help oneself to 隨便享用
15，be busy doing sth/ be busy with sth
16，need to do sth
17，be free= have time
18，have friends= make friends
19，call sb at +電話號(hào)碼
20，on the weekend= on weekends
21，English-speaking students 說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)生(帶有連詞符，有形容詞性質(zhì))
22，do kung fu表演功夫
what句式：
1， 問(wèn)時(shí)間用what time或者when
At+鐘點(diǎn) at 7 o’clockat noon/ at night(during/ in the day)
On+ 具體某天、星期、特指的一天on April 1ston Sundayon a cold winter morning
In +年、月、上午、下午、晚上
2， 時(shí)間讀法：順讀法
逆讀法：分鐘≤30用past five past eight(8:05) half past eight(8:30)
分鐘>30用toa quarter to ten(9:45)
整點(diǎn)用 ?o’clock 7 o’clock(7:00)
3，3個(gè)穿的區(qū)別：wear 表狀態(tài)，接服裝、手套、眼鏡、香水等
Put on 表動(dòng)作，接服裝
Dress 表動(dòng)作，接sb/ oneselfget dressed穿衣
3， 感嘆句：How+adj+主謂!
How+adj+a/an +n單+主謂!
What+ a/an +adj+ n單+主謂!
What+ adj+ n復(fù)/ 不可數(shù)+主謂!
4， from?to?
5， be/ arrive late for
6， 頻度副詞(行前be 后)
Always usuallyoftensometimes seldom hardly never
7，一段時(shí)間前面要用介詞for for half an hour for five minutes
8， eat/ have? for breakfast/ lunch/ dinner/ supper
9， either?or
10，a lot of=lots of
11，it is +adj+for sb +to do sth (adj修飾to do sth)It is important for me to learn English.
it is +adj+of sb +to do sth (adj修飾sb) It is kind/ friendly/ nice of you to help me.
疑問(wèn)句句式：
1， 疑問(wèn)詞
How 如何(方式)
how long 多長(zhǎng)(時(shí)間)答語(yǔ)常用“(For/ about +)時(shí)間段”
how far多遠(yuǎn)(距離)答語(yǔ)常用“(It’s +)數(shù)詞 +miles/ meters/ kilometers”
how often多久(頻率)答語(yǔ)常用“Always/ often/ every day/?”或 “次數(shù)+時(shí)間”等表頻率的狀語(yǔ)
How soon多快，多久以后，常用在將來(lái)時(shí)中。答語(yǔ)常用“in +時(shí)間段”
how many多少(接可數(shù)名詞)how much(接不可數(shù)名詞)
why為什么(原因) what什么when何時(shí)
who誰(shuí) whom誰(shuí)(賓格)(針對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)也可用who) whose誰(shuí)的
2， 賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序
3， Stop sb from doing sth
Stop to do 停下來(lái)去做其他事
Stop doing 停止正在做的事
4， what do you think of/ about= how do you like你認(rèn)為?怎么樣?
5， He is 11 years old.
He is an 11-year-old boy.
6， many students= many of the students
7， be afraid of sth be afraid to do sth worry aboutbe worried about 擔(dān)心
8， play with sb
9， come true
10，have to do sth
11，he is like a father to me (like像)
12，leave離開(kāi) leave for 出發(fā)前往某地
13，cross 是動(dòng)詞 across是介詞
14，thanks for +n/ V-ing
Thanks for your help/ thanks for helping me.
Thanks for your invitation/ thanks for inviting/ asking me.
Thanks to幸虧，由于，因?yàn)?/p>
15,4個(gè)花費(fèi)：人+spend/ spends/ spent+時(shí)間/錢(qián)+(in)doing sth/ on sth
人+pay/ pays/ paid +錢(qián)+for sth
It takes/ took sb +時(shí)間+to do sth
物+cost/ costs/ cost +sb +錢(qián)
16，交通方式
●用介詞。在句子中做方式狀語(yǔ)。
①by +交通工具名詞(中間無(wú)需任何修飾)
By bus/ bike/ car/ taxi/ ship/ boat/ plane/ subway/ train
②by +交通路線的位置
By land/ water/ sea/ air
③in/ on +冠詞/物主代詞/指示代詞 +交通工具名詞
In a/ his/ the car
On a/ his/ the bus/ bike/ship/ train/ horse/ motorbike
④on foot 步行
●用動(dòng)詞。在句子中做謂語(yǔ)。
①take + a/ the +交通工具名詞
take a bus/ plane/ ship/ train
ride a bike
②walk/ drive/ ride/ fly to(后面接here，there，home等地點(diǎn)副詞時(shí)，省略介詞to。)如步行回家：walk home 17，名詞所有格
一般情況加’s Tom’s pen
以s結(jié)尾加’ the teachers’ office ten days’ holiday
表示幾個(gè)人共同擁有，在最后一個(gè)名詞后加’s Mike and John’s desk
表示每個(gè)人各自擁有，在每個(gè)名詞后加’s Mike’s and John’s desks
第九單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)：
一.重點(diǎn)單詞和詞組
over prep.在……期間
project n.課題;作業(yè);項(xiàng)目
test n.測(cè)驗(yàn);測(cè)試
false adj.錯(cuò)誤的;假的
number n.號(hào)碼;編號(hào)
geography n.地理學(xué);地理
spend v.度過(guò);消磨(時(shí)間)
most pron.&adj. 大部分(的);最多(的)
mixture n.混合;混雜;混合物
their pron.他們的;她們的;它們的
little adj.很少的;少量的
cook v.烹調(diào);烹煮
change v.變;改變
everyone pron.每個(gè)人(都);人人(都)
anything pron. 任何事(物);什么事(物)
haveaparty 舉行晚會(huì)
goshopping 去購(gòu)物
dosomereading 讀書(shū)
talkshow 訪談節(jié)目
二.重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)講解
1.Whatdidyoudoovertheweekend,Lucy?
這是由疑問(wèn)詞what引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句,表示詢(xún)問(wèn)“干什么?”句型結(jié)構(gòu)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句一樣:
疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句.例如:
Howmuchdidyoupay? 你付了多少錢(qián)?
Over在這個(gè)句子里表示“在……期間”,例如:
WillyoubeathomeoverChristmas?圣誕節(jié)期間你在家嗎?
2.Whataboutyourfriend?
whatabout=howabout,用以詢(xún)問(wèn)消息或征求意見(jiàn),表示“怎么樣”.例如:
I’mhungry.What/Howaboutyou?我渴了,你呢?
3.little,alittle,few,afew
little和few表示否定,意思為“很少”或”幾乎沒(méi)有”;alittle和afew則表示肯定,意思為“有一點(diǎn),有一些”.不過(guò)需要注意區(qū)別的是:
little和alittle修飾不可數(shù)名詞.few和afew修飾可數(shù)名詞.例如:
Thereislittleinkinmybottle,canyougivemealittleink?
我的瓶子里沒(méi)有墨水了，你能給我點(diǎn)兒墨水嗎?(不可數(shù)名詞)
Hehasfewfriendshere,hefeelslonely.他這里沒(méi)朋友，他感覺(jué)寂寞。(可數(shù)名詞)
Thereareafeweggsinthebasket.籃子里有幾個(gè)雞蛋。(可數(shù)名詞)
三.語(yǔ)法講解
一般過(guò)去時(shí)
一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，經(jīng)常與一些表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)搭配，如：yesterday,lastweek,lastOctober,ago等.其句型結(jié)構(gòu)與一般現(xiàn)在是完全相同。
在一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的陳述句中，動(dòng)詞都要變成動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。如：
Shewasatworkyesterday.昨天她在工作。
Heboughtanewspaper.他買(mǎi)了一份報(bào)紙。
在一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)中，當(dāng)動(dòng)詞為行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，須用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去形式，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為“過(guò)去式”，動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式分為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則如下：
規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成
規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的讀音
常見(jiàn)的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞有：
am/is→was are→were come→came say→said
go→went have→had see→saw put→put
do→did get→got eat→ate take→took
There be的句子結(jié)構(gòu)：
There be是一個(gè)肯定句的形式為：There be +名詞(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù))+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)的確定,看be后邊第一個(gè)名詞,當(dāng)所接主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),be動(dòng)詞形式為is;當(dāng)所接主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),be動(dòng)詞為are;當(dāng)be動(dòng)詞后接兩個(gè)以上主語(yǔ)時(shí),be動(dòng)詞與最臨近主語(yǔ)保持?jǐn)?shù)上的一致。意思為
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk.
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk.
(1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。
否定形式為：There be + not + (any) +名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
There is not any cat in the room.
There aren't any books on the desk.
(2)there be句型的疑問(wèn)句就是將be提到句首：Be there + (any) +名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)?肯定回答：Yes, there is /
are.否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't.
Is there a dog in the picture?
Yes, there is.
Are there any boats in the river?
No, there aren't.
(3)特殊疑問(wèn)句：How many . . . are there (+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))?
回答用There be . . .
There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .
有時(shí)直接就用數(shù)字來(lái)回答。One. / Two . . .
How many students are there in the classroom?
There's only one. / There are nine.
(4)如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,用：How much +不可數(shù)名詞+ is there +地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)? Eg:How much water is
there in the cup?
How much food is there in the bowl?
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