從句主動語態(tài)中的賓語補足語可以轉(zhuǎn)化為被動語態(tài)中的主語補足語,注其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴展變化或省略而構(gòu)成,一將句子和其所屬的基本句型搭配,附屬成分是基本成分的修飾語。
英語句子成分及結(jié)構(gòu)
英語句子成分及結(jié)構(gòu)
(一)句子成分
構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主語和謂語;次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。
(二)主語:
主語是一個句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句(當主語不疑問詞時)和倒裝句中,主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如:
Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名詞)WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代詞)
One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.(數(shù)詞)
Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)
Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(動名詞)
Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名詞化的形容詞)
WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主語從句)
Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主語,真正的主語為后面的不定式)
(三)謂語
謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語,一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下:
1、簡單謂語:由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
2、復(fù)合謂語:(1)由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(2)由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如:(四)表語:
表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài),它一般位于系動詞VL之后。系動詞大致可分為三類:1.be動詞類
2.感官類feel/taste/smell/sound/seem/look/appear…
3.變化類become/get/grow/turn/come/go…
4.狀態(tài)保持類stay/remain(保持,仍然是)/keep/proveetc.
表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如:
OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名詞)
Isityours?(代詞)
Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容詞)
Thespeechisexciting.(分詞)
Threetimessevenistwentyone?(數(shù)詞)
HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)
Hishobby(愛好)isplayingfootball.(動名詞)
Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介詞短語)
Timeisup.Theclaisover.(副詞)
Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表語從句)
(五)賓語賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者,一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如:
Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)
Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代詞)
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(數(shù)詞)
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名詞化形容詞)
Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短語)
Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(動名詞短語)
Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(賓語從句)
賓語種類:
(1)雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
(六)賓語補足語和主語補足語
英語中有些及物動詞,除有一個直接賓語以外,還要有一個賓語補語,才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為:某些及物動詞(如make等+賓語+賓補)。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。例如:
HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名詞)
Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容詞)
Letthefreshairin.(副詞)
Youmustn'tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短語)
Wesawherenteringtheroom.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介詞短語)
Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(從句)主動語態(tài)中的賓語補足語,可以轉(zhuǎn)化為被動語態(tài)中的主語補足語。
(七)定語:
修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示:
Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容詞)
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分詞)
Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名詞)
HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代詞)
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短語)
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(動名詞)
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介詞短語)
定語從句)
(八)狀語:
修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子,說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分,叫做狀語。可由以下形式表示:
Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副詞及副詞性詞組)
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介詞短語)
Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短語)Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分詞短語)
Waitaminute.(名詞)
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.(狀語從句)
狀語種類如下:
Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?(時間狀語)
Lastnightshedidn'tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.(原因狀語)
Ishallgothereifitdoesn'train.(條件狀語)
MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.(地點狀語)
Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.(方式狀語)
Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.(伴隨狀語)
Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.(目的狀語)
Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.(結(jié)果狀語)
Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.(讓步狀語)
Iamtallerthanheis.(比較狀語)
(九)同位語
當一個概念詞在前,后面的詞、詞組或者句子是在解釋前者時,后者就是前者的同位語。Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.
ournewteacher是主詞Mr.Smith的同位語,指同一人。
YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrother's.
afriendofmybrother's是受詞Tom的同位語,指同一人。
HehimselftoldmethathisbrotherJohnisaworld-famousdoctor.。
himself和John都是單一的字作同位語。句子thatyouweresick是名詞thefact的同位語從句
(二)簡單句句子結(jié)構(gòu)
1、主語+系動詞+表語:e.g.Heisastudent.
2、主語+不及物動詞:e.g.Wework.
3、主語+及物動詞+賓語:e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.
4、主語+及物動詞+雙賓語(間接賓語+直接賓語):e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.
5、主語+及物動詞+復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補):e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.
注:其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。
主語、動詞(不及物動詞、及物動詞、雙賓動詞、系動詞、賓補動詞)、賓語及補語可以稱為基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2個基本成分,至多4個基本成分。
一.將句子和其所屬的基本句型搭配。
Anneandherfamilyhidaway.主語+不及物動詞(S+Vi)Weneedfriends.主語+及物動詞+賓語(S+Vt+O)
Iwasupset(a.不安的)主語+系動詞+表(S+LV+predicative)Tomgavemeapresent主語+雙賓動詞+間賓+直賓(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir)AnnenamedherdiaryKitty.主語+賓補動詞+賓語+賓語補語(S+Vt.+O+ http://m.okwtrl.com )
二.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),并按例句劃出句子主要成分。
例:Lindarecovered(vi恢復(fù))(S+Vi)經(jīng)歷,遭受)
.itself
outdoors(ad.在戶外地)
http://m.okwtrl.com uldonhowtolearnEnglishwell?
附屬成分是基本成分的修飾語。可以是:
定語:即用來修飾名詞的單詞、短語或從句
狀語:即用來修飾名詞或代詞以外的詞的單詞、短語或從句。
三.劃出下列句子的狀語或定語。
找出定語
1.PoorJohntotteredtowardahospitalnearby.
2.ShelikesorangesimportedfromtheUSA.
3.Doyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto
4.therewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.(v.吸引人;迷人)
5.Haveyouseenthebookonthedesk?
6.Ihavegrowncrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature
7.Iamonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtainshangingbeforeverydustywindows.(懸掛在沾滿灰塵窗前的)
8.Peopletherelikesports.
找出狀語
1.Istayedawakeonpurpose[故意地]untilhalfpasteleveninorderto(為了)haveagoodlookatthemoonbymyself.
2.Thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirely(adv.完全地,整個地)intheirpower.
3.Thestreetlightsgoonatdusk.[黃昏]
4.Shestoodfacetoface(面對面地)withhim
5.Sheandherfamilyhidawayfortwenty-fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered.
6.Hearingthenews,hejumpedwithjoy.
7.Ashewasill,hedidntcometoclayesterday
四.句子中的省略。
句中被省略的成分,雖然未說出來,卻在句中表示一定的意思:
1_______Comehere.
2._______Goodluck!
3.Somegavehimpraises,butothersrotteneggs.
)walkingthedog(遛狗),youwerecareleanditgotlooseandwashitbyacar.
5.Hopeyoulikeit.
6.JohnshouldcleantheroomtodayandPetertomorrow.
(三)并列句
需把幾個意思連接在一起時,可用分號或把兩個或幾個簡單句用并列連詞連接起來,這種結(jié)構(gòu)即構(gòu)成一個并列句。
連接幾個簡單句成為并列句有以下幾種方式:
Wefishedallday.Wedidntcatchathing.
用分號:
Wefishedallday____wedidntcatchathing
用分號,后跟一個連接副詞:
Wefishedallday_________,wedidntcatchathing.
用并列連詞(如and、but、so、yet等)
Wefishedallday,__________-didntcatchathing
常用并列連詞如下:
平行并列連詞:and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor,andthen
轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞:but,however,while,yet
因果并列連詞:for,so
選擇并列連詞:or,either…or,neither…nor
五.請用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個并列句
1.Areyouafraidthatyourfriendwouldlaughatyou?Areyouafraidthathewouldnotunderstandyou.
2.AnneFranklovedherdiary.Shemadeherdiaryherbestfriend.
3.Shesufferedfromloneliness.Shehadtolearntolikeitthere.
4.Anne′sfamilywasJewish(a,猶太人的).Theyhadtohide.Ifnot,theywouldbecaughtbytheGermanNazis.(n.納粹黨人)
5.Pleasedrawthecurtains(拉上窗簾).(添標點符號)Thesunlightistoobright.
六.翻譯下列并列句。
1Studyhard,______________________instudy.(progress)
努力學(xué)習(xí)的話,你會在學(xué)習(xí)上取得巨大進步。
2.Dontbelatenexttime,________________________(fireV.解雇)
下次別遲到了,否則的話你會被解雇的。
3.Rightnowitisthesummervacation_______________________________________(help)現(xiàn)在正是暑假,而我正在農(nóng)場給父親幫忙。
4.Itrainedyesterday,__________________________________________(putoff)
昨天下雨了,因此比賽推遲了。
5.__________________________________.(neither)
他既不抽煙也不喝酒。
.(四)復(fù)合句
由一個主句和一個或者一個以上從句所構(gòu)成的句子。在英語書面語中應(yīng)用廣泛。主句是一個完整的句子,它可以獨立存在。從句是一個不完整的句子,它必須和一個
主句連用,不能獨立存在。復(fù)合句可以通過把兩個以上簡單句連接在一起構(gòu)成,但復(fù)合句的各組成部份并非同等重要,其中一個句子由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)(從句),用以修飾另一句子(主句)。
復(fù)合句=主句+從句
復(fù)合句是在簡單句的基礎(chǔ)上,通過從屬連詞將兩個或兩個以上簡單句連接在一起而構(gòu)成。從屬連詞所引導(dǎo)的從句起形容詞、名詞、副詞的作用。復(fù)合句主要包含以下類型從句:
1.主語從句:Whathewantstotellusisnotclear
2.賓語從句:HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow
3.表語從句:Thats
4.同位語從句:havenoideawhenhewillreturn.
以上從句稱為為名詞性從句。
5.定語從句:定語從句稱為形容詞性從句
6.狀語從句:
(1)ShefeltnervouswhenItalkedtoher.
(2)DontcomeunleItelephone.
(3)Althoughheispoor,hesstillhappy
(4)Theycanthavegoneoutbecausethelightson
(5)Wherethereisariver,thereisalwaysacity
(6)Hestudiedsohardthathepassedtheexam
(7)WheninRome,pleasedoasRomansdo.
(8)Hegetsupveryearlysothat(inorderthat為了)hecancatchthefirstbus.
(9)Hedoesnthaveasmanybooksasyoudo.
狀語從句又稱為副詞性從句。
七.指出下列句子中含有什么類型的從句。2.Idon′twanttosetdown(記下)aseriesof(一系列的),Ididntdareopenawindow.tgocampingwiththem.八.指出短文中句子是簡單句,并列句還是符合句,并指出復(fù)合句中的從句類型。
(1)Smokingcigarettesisharmful(a.有害的)toyourhealth.(2)Experiments(n.實驗)showthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.(3)Besides(prep..此外,除了)themostseriousandterriblediseases(illness)----cancers,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblem.(4)Forexample,itcangiveonea“smokerscough”(5).Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.(6)Whether(無論是,不管是)yougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekillercancer,smokingisharmful
英語句子成分分析及結(jié)構(gòu)
8種基本句子成分:
1.主語:表句子說的是“什么人”或“什么事”。通常在句子前面,充當主語的有名詞、代詞、不定式、動名詞、從句、句子等。
e.g.Thetreesgrowveryfast.
2.謂語:說明主語“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么樣”。通常在主語后(出疑問和倒裝外)。一般由動詞來充當。
e.g.Theplanetakesoffat8,butthismorningitmaybedelayedbythethickfog.
3.賓語:表動作行為的對象,在及物動詞或介詞后。充當賓語的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、從句、句子等。
e.g.Hetakesabatheverymorning.
4.表語:與系動詞連用,一起構(gòu)成謂語部分,說明主語的性質(zhì)和特征。長在系動詞之后。充當表語的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語從句等。
e.g.Heturneddoctorafterschool,ashisparentshadexpected.
Oh,it’syou.
5.定語:用來修飾名詞或代詞。單個詞長放在被修飾詞前面,短語或句子在被修飾詞之后。充當定語的有數(shù)詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、從句等。
e.g.Morethantwentyworkerswerefired.
Thisisastonetableandhardenoughtoholdtheloadofgoods.
6.狀語:修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞,表動作發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式等。位置比較靈活。充當狀語的有副詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、形容詞、形容詞詞組和名詞詞組、從句等。
e.g.Tomspeaksenglishveryfastandialmostcan’tunderstandhim.
Don’tsteponhtgrass,foritisgrowing.
7.補足語:名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、不定式等皆可做補足語。e.g.Weallfindhimfunny.
Willyoupleaseinviteallofthemin?
8.同位語:對句中的某一成分做進一步解釋、說明,與前面的名詞在語法上處于同等地位的句子成分叫同位語。常位于唄說明的詞之后。可以作同位語的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、和從句等。
e.g.Wehavetwoforeignstudents,aCanadianandanAmerican.
Theyeachcangetachancetotravelbyair.
1
5種簡單基本句型:
1.主語+謂語(不及物)(S+Vi)
Shecame.Wework.Myheadaches.
2.主語+謂語(及物)+賓語(S+Vt+O)
Shelikesbasketball.IstudyFrench.
3.主語+謂語+賓語+賓補(S+Vt+O+OC)
Shemakeshermotherangry.Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.
4.主語+謂語+間賓+直賓(S+Vt+INO+DO)
ShegaveJohnabook.Sheboughtmeapen.
5.主語+系動詞+表語(S+V+P)
Theyarestudents.Theleavesturnedgreen.Ittastesdelicious.
另:Therebe句型:
A:therebe“某地有某人某物”
Therearefourseasonsinayear.
B:運用其他動詞的Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)(be,seem,appear,happen,exist)
Thereseemedtobenoonewhoreallyunderstandme.
Thereliesabookonthedesk.
C:Therebeno+主語結(jié)構(gòu),(習(xí)慣上用V-ing形式做主語)
Thereisnoparkingaroundhere.
附:常見系動詞有:
be,become,get,turn,grow,taste,smell,feel,seem,look,appear,stand,lie,go,come,remain,keep,etc.
附屬成分:
但常用的英語句并不都象基本句型這樣簡短,這些句子除了基本句型的成分不變外,通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語(modifier)而加以擴大。這些修飾語可以是單詞(主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞),也可以是各種類型的短語(主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語)。我們稱為:定語(用來修飾名詞的單詞、短語或從句)、狀語(用來修飾名詞或代詞以外的詞的單詞、短語或從句)定語,.狀語.JohnmakesMaryveryangry.’tcometoclayesterday.You’2
獨立成分:
句中可以去掉的成份,去掉后不影響句子的完整性。這種成份和句子的其他詞沒有語法的關(guān)系。
感嘆詞:oh,hello,aha,ah,alas等。Oh,Whatisthat?
肯定詞yes
否定詞no
稱呼語:稱呼人的用語。Comehere,John.
插入語:一些句中插入的Ithink,Ibelieve,等。
Thestory,Ithink,hasnevercometotheend.
情態(tài)詞:表示說話人的語氣(多作為修飾全句的狀語):perhaps也許,maybe大概,actually實際上,certainly當然,等。
省略成份:
句中被省略的成份,雖然未說出來,卻在句中表示一定的意思:
(You)Comehere.
(Iwishyou)Goodluck!
Somegavehimpraises,butothers(gavehim)rotteneggs.
Herunsasfastas,if(hedoes)not(run)faster,thanyou.
(I)Hopeyoulikeit.
JohnshouldcleantheroomtodayandPeter(shouldcleanit)tomorrow.
練習(xí):指出下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分:
dependontheweather.
2.People’sstandardsofliving5.I’llreturnthebook7.TherearemanyfilmIwon’tstopyoufromdoingit.
11.12.13.14.3
15.16.17.18.It19.20.選擇題
1、___sixyearssinceIbegantostudyEnglish.
A.ItisB.IhavebeenC.ThereareD.Itwas
2、___inEnglishinclaeverydayisimportant.
A.SpeakB.TalkingC.SayingD.Totell
3、Theremustbe____nearthefactory.
A.abookstoreB.bookstoreC.booksstoreD.booksstores
4、Thedoctoraswellasthenurses___greatconcernforthepatients.
A.showB.showsC.haveshownD.areshowing
5、Yoursonmustbeacleverboy,___he?
A.isB.isn'tC.mustD.mustn't
6、Thecomputercenter,___lastyear,isverypopularamongstudentsinthisschool.
A.openB.openingC.openedD.beingopened
7、Don't___excited.
A.getB.isC.seemD.look
8、Thedaysare___warmerandwarmerinspring.
A.gettingB.lookingC.seemingD.going
9、Hisjobis____English.
A.teachB.toteachC.taughtD.teaches
10、___interestingworkwearedoing!
A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Whatan
11、Iwant___ateacherwhenIgrowup.
A.tobeB.toC.beD.being
12、-Wouldyouliketogoonapicnicwithmetoday?
4
-Idon'tthinkso.Tobehonest,Ireallydon'tfeellike___onapicnic.
A.goingB.togoC.goD.went
13、Doyouknow___?
A.wheredoesheliveB.wherehelives
C.whereheliveD.ifwherehelives
14、Isawhim___basketballwithJackanhourago.
http://m.okwtrl.com layC.playedD.play
15、Sorry,we'vekeptyou___foralongtime.
A.waitedB.singC.standD.waiting
16、Theteachertoldus____lateagain.
A.aren'tbeB.don'tbeC.nottobeD.notbe
17、Ifound___difficulttoworktogetherwithhim.
A.itB.itsC.thatD.those
18、Weallknow___ourdutytocleanourclassroomafterschooleveryday.
A.thatB.thisC.whichD.it
19、Hefound___veryinterestingtoplaywiththelittledog.
A.whatB.itC./D.that
20、Tomsaidhe___agooddreamyesterdayevening.
A.dreamB.dreamedC.haveD.has
21、Children___ahappylifeinChina.
A.leadB.livingC.hasD.leading
22、-___skirtisthatonthechair?
-Letmesee.Oh,no,it'snotmine.
A.WhoseB.WhatC.Who'sD.Which
23、Doyouhaveanything___?
A.sayingB.tosayC.saidD.say
24、Theboxis___heavyforher___carry.
A.very;toB.too;nottoC.too;toD.verytoo;to
25、Youcanseethesesignsinahospital.___canyouseethem?
A.WhereelseB.Whereplaceelse
C.WhereelseplaceD.Elsewhere
26、Theywentout___theiroldfriends.
A.visitB.visitingC.tovisitD.visited
27、Thereisawideriver____ourvillage.
A.outsideB.overC.fromD.below
28、Theyoungman,___worksintheoffice.
A.mebrotherB.mybrotherC.mybrothersD.me
29、OurEnglishteacher,___oftenhelpsuswithstudy.
A.MrsWangB.Mrs’WangC.MrsWang'sD.ofhim
30、___,somerailwayworkersarebusyrepairingthetrain.
A.ThemB.HeC.TheyD.Theirs
簡單句:
簡單句只有一個限定動詞(即只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)),它是最小的句子單位。
主要起下列四種作用中的一種:A作一種陳述,B提出一個問題,C發(fā)出一種命令
或請求,D表示一種感嘆.
Examples:
Theboyhitthedog./Thedogbittheboy.
Thegirlreadthebooks./Thebookspleasedthegirl.
Stephenapologizedatonce.
Doestheshopcloseat7tonight?
Shutthedoor.
Whataslowtrainthisis!
兩個簡單句的賓語可由and、bothand等連詞連接組成一個簡單句。
1.ImetJane.Imetherhusband.
2.Itwascold.Itwaswet.
3.Ididn’tmeetJane.Ididn’tmeetherhusband.
Ididn’兩個或兩個以上限定動詞也可合并為一個簡單句。
Wesangallnight.Wedancedallnight.
并列句:
需把幾個意思連接在一起時,可用分號或把兩個或幾個簡單句用并列連詞連
接起來,這種結(jié)構(gòu)即構(gòu)成一個并列句。
Wefishedallday;wedidn’tcatchathing.(用分號)
Wefishedallday;however,wedidn’tcatchathing.(用分號,后跟一個連接副詞)
Wefishedallday,but(we)didn’tcatchathing.(用并列連詞and、but、so、yet等)
常用并列連詞:
平行并列連詞:and,bothand,notonlybutalso,neithernor,andthen
轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞:but,however,while,yet
因果并列連詞:for,so
選擇并列連詞:or,eitheror,neithernor
Exercise:
請用合適的并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個并列句。
1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.
______________________________________________________________
2.Thechildhidbehindhismother'sskirt.Hewasafraidofthedog.
______________________________________________________________
3.Hemadeapromise.Hedidn’tkeepit.
______________________________________________________________
復(fù)合句:
由一個主句和一個或者一個以上從句所構(gòu)成的句子。在英語書面語中應(yīng)用廣
泛。主句是一個完整的句子,它可以獨立存在。從句是一個不完整的句子,它必須
和一個主句連用,不能獨立存在。復(fù)合句可以通過把兩個以上簡單句連接在一起
構(gòu)成,但復(fù)合句的各組成部份并非同等重要,其中一個句子由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)(從
句),用以修飾另一句子(主句)。
復(fù)合句=主句+從句復(fù)合句=簡單句+從屬連詞+簡單句
復(fù)合句是在簡單句的基礎(chǔ)上,通過從屬連詞將兩個或兩個以上簡單句連接在
一起而構(gòu)成。從屬連詞所引導(dǎo)的從句起形容詞、名詞、副詞的作用。復(fù)合句主要
包含以下類型從句:
形容詞性從句:定語從句
名詞性從句:主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句
狀語從句:時間、地點、方式、條件、原因、比較、結(jié)果、目的、讓步
1.Hetoldmethenews.
moneywithoutdelay.
2.Idon’tknowhim.
3.Thatsurprisedthepeopleintheroom.
’tknowtheanswer4.Thatisthefact.
5.Heworkedinthatfactorythreeyearsago.
Whereyoutookit
6.Putthebookonthedesk.
Whereyoufoundit
練習(xí):
指出下列各從句的類型
1.2.3.用所給連詞連接句子。
1.Hehasfoundout.Shewaslate.(why)
______________________________________________________________
2.Istillremembertheday.IfirstwenttoYorkonthatday.(when)
______________________________________________________________
將各組句子連接為一個含有狀語從句的復(fù)合句。
1.Hedidn’tcomeyesterday.Hewasill.(原因)
______________________________________________________________
2.I’llgivethelettertohim.Iseehim.(時間)
______________________________________________________________
3.Itissuchabigbox.Nobodycanmoveit.(結(jié)果)
______________________________________________________________
4.We’llgotothegreatwall.It’sfinetomorrow.(條件)
______________________________________________________________
5.Weshouldnotgothereallthetime.Theplaceisquitepleasant.(讓步)
______________________________________________________________
英語句子成分和英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)
英語句子成分和英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)
1.主語(subject)句子說明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名詞)Helikesdancing.(代詞)
Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(數(shù)詞)Seeingisbelieving.(動名詞)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)
Whatheneedsisabook.(主語從句)
Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主語,主語從句是真正主語)
2.謂語(predicate)說明主語的動作、狀態(tài)和特征。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.
3.表語(predicative)系動詞之后的成分,表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。Heisateacher.(名詞)
Fiveandfiveisten.(數(shù)詞)Heisasleep.(形容詞)Hisfatherisin.(副詞)
Thepictureisonthewall.(介詞短語)
Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容詞化的分詞)
Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.(不定式)Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表語從句)
(常見的系動詞有be,sound(聽起來),look(看起來),feel(摸起來,smell(聞起來),taste(嘗、吃起來),
remain(保持,仍是),feel(感覺)...
Itsoundsagoodidea.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.
Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thedoorremainsopen.
4.賓語:
1)動作的承受者-----動賓IlikeChina.(名詞)Hehatesyou.(代詞)Weneedtwo.(數(shù)詞)
Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(動名詞)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)
Didyouwritedownwhathesaid(賓語從句)
2)介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞-----介賓Areyouafraidofthesnake.
Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.
3)雙賓語-----間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.
5.賓補:對賓語的補充,全稱為賓語補足語。Weelectedhimmonitor.(名詞)
Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名詞)Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容詞)Wefoundnobodyin.(副詞)
Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介詞短語)Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)
Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(帶to不定式)Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(現(xiàn)在分詞)I’llhavemybikerepaired.(過去分詞)
6.主補:對主語的補充。Hewaselectedmonitor.
Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.
Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.
7.定語:修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Yanlingisachemistryteacher.(名詞)Heisourfriend.(代詞)
Webelongtothethirdworld.(數(shù)詞)
Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容詞)Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副詞)
Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介詞)TheboysplayingfootballareinCla2.(現(xiàn)在分詞)
Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(過去分詞)Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)
YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定語從句)
8.狀語:用來修飾v.,adj.,adv.,或者句子。表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。
(以下例句按上述順序排列)
Iwillgotheretomorrow.
Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.
Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.
Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpatheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.
Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.
基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)
簡單句的五個基本句型
主語+謂語Shecame./Myheadaches.主語+謂語+賓語ShelikesEnglish.主語+系動詞+表語Sheishappy.
主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語ShegaveJohnabook.
Sheboughtabookforme.
主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補語Shemakeshermotherangry.
Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.
There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.
分析下列句子成分
1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.
2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou
3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.
4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.
5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.
6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.
7.---Iloveyoumorethanher,child.
8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.
9.Theypushedthedooropen.、
10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.