作形式主語真正的主語為后面的不定式，七定語修飾名詞或代詞的詞短語或從句稱為定語，三用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語狀語補語，作形式主語真正的主語為后面的不定式，七定語修飾名詞或代詞的詞短語或從句稱為定語
英語劃分句子成分練習題及答案
英語劃分句子成分
（一）句子成分的定義：構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。
（二）主語：主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結構、疑問句（當主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：
Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名詞）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代詞）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclaaregirls.（數詞）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（動名詞）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名詞化的形容詞）
WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主語從句）
Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）
（三）謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構成如下：
1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
2、復合謂語：（1）由情態動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系動詞加表語構成。如：Wearestudents.
（四）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態，它一般位于系動詞（如※以肯定的語氣敘述主語狀態時，要用系動詞be※表示說話人所感知的主語的特征或狀態時，系動詞用look,feel,sound,taste,smell※表示主語狀態變化時，系動詞用become,get,grow,come,turn(若跟名詞不加冠詞)，fall(asleep,ill,silent)等，后面大多數接形容詞作表語。但become,turn亦可接名詞作表語等※表示主語的持續時，系動詞用remain,stay,keep,continue※從印象的角度說明主語所處的狀態和特征時，系動詞用appeartobe(常用于書面)，seem(tobe)☆1、其后要求接形容詞，而不是副詞作表語。要特別注意的是有些動詞既可以作系動詞，又可作實意動詞的用法。遇到這種情況時，只能先根據其意思判斷清楚到底是前者還是后者，然后再對后面的詞性和詞義作出判斷和選擇。2、這類詞不用進行時。3、系動詞無被動式)。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名詞）Isityours?（代詞）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞）Thespeechisexciting.（分詞）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（數詞）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（愛好）isplayingfootball.（動名詞）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介詞短語）Timeisup.Theclaisover.（副詞）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表語從句）
（五）賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞）
Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代詞）
Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（數詞）
Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短語）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.動名詞短語）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（賓語從句）賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），要求雙賓語(直接賓語和間接賓語)的動詞，直接賓語提前，動詞后加to或for，現歸納如下。①后面加to的動詞：give給tell告訴bring帶來send寄，送hand交給read讀pa遞給return把……還給……lend借給throw扔……給……leave留給promise許諾，答應refuse拒絕
②后面加for的動詞：get得到make制造，做buy買do做play演奏order命令
sing唱歌pay為……而付錢
（2）復合賓語（賓語+賓補），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.
（六）賓語補足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞+賓語+賓補。※賓語+名詞”常用于改結構的動詞有：call,name,make,find,choose,think,leave※賓語+形容詞”常見的動詞有think,believe,leave,drive,make,keep,turn,wish,want▲“賓語+副詞”。▲“賓語+介詞短語”。▲“賓語+不定式”。充當賓補的不定式有三種：A要求帶to的不定式B要求不帶to的不定式let,make,have，see,,watch,,lookat,hear,listento,feel等，用不定式作賓語補語時，要省去“to”。但用于被動語態時，還要加上“to等C單詞help后可加to或不加to▲“賓語+現在分詞”see,,watch,,lookat,hear,listento,feel▲“賓語+過去分詞”▲形式賓語＋形容詞▲賓語+what從句+※主補：對主語的補充。
例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名詞）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容詞）Letthefreshairin.（副詞）Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短語）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（現在分詞）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介詞短語）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（從句）
（七）定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。定語可由以下等成分表示：Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容詞）
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分詞）
Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名詞）
HisrapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代詞）
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短語）
Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（動名詞）
HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介詞短語）
（八）狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。可由以下形式表示：Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介詞短語）
Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短語）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分詞短語）Waitaminute.（名詞）
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（狀語從句）
簡單句的五種基本句型口訣
英語句子萬萬千，五大句型把線牽。句型種類為動詞，后接什么是關鍵；vt.又可分三類，單賓雙賓最常見；還有賓語補足語，各種搭配記心間。
注意：帶特殊疑問詞的不定式短語作直接賓語是一種很常用的形式，基本句型是：S+V+O(間接)+疑問詞+不定式
簡單句的五個基本句型
主語＋不及物動詞Shecame．/Myheadaches.
主語＋及物動詞＋賓語ShelikesEnglish.
主語＋系動詞＋表語Sheishappy．
主語＋雙賓動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語ShegaveJohnabook．
Sheboughtabookforme.
主語＋賓補動詞＋賓語＋賓語補語Shemakeshermotherangry．
Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.
（There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.）
練習一
一、指出下列句子句子成分：
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.
18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.
20.Theapplestastedsweet.21.Whenyoucroamainroad,youmustbecareful.
22Hewentouttoplayfootballafterhehadfinishedhishomework.
23Waituntilyouarecalled.24Ican'trecognizeyou.Youaresochangedsincelastwemet.25Hedidn'tgotoschooluntilhewaseleven.26.Youcanusemyhouseaslongasyouarecareful.
27.Heissoterribleonceheisdrunk.28IlistentotheradiowhileIwalkeveryevening.
29.Putitwhereyoufoundit.You'llbelate,unleyouhurry.30Ididjustasyoutoldme。
31.Theyaresuchwonderfulplayersthatnoonecanbeatthem.
32.Wearrivedearly, http://m.okwtrl.com
34.Hisfatherdiedtheyear(that/when/inwhich)hewasborn.
35.Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.
36.Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.
37.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.
38.Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?
39.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.40.It'sapitythatyoushouldhavetoleave
41.·Heisyoungbutheworkshard.42..Heworkshard,soheisatopstudentofclass
42.Hurryup,orwe'llbelate.44.Werarelystayinhotels,forwecan’taffordit
45.Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.46.Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.
47.Itshouldbedoneatonce.48.Hewasseentocomein.49.LilywasgivenastickerbyJack
50.Isacarbeingdrivennow?
二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的主語（—）、謂語（＝）、賓語（～）：
Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.
三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語（—）、狀語（＝）、補語（～）：
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.
InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.
四、選擇填空：
()1.____willleaveforBeijing.
A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow
2.Theweather____.A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold
()3.Theappletasted____.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet
()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter
()5.Theactor______ http://m.okwtrl.com aded
()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.
A.We, http://m.okwtrl.com ,weC.We,ourD.We,we
()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly
()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis
()9.Thedog____mad.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked
()10.Iwillneverforgettheday____Ijoinedthearmy.A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where1Thatmorningwetalkedagreatdeal.2Themeetingwilllasttwohours.
3Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.
4Thisboxweighsfivekilos.5IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.
6Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.7.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.
8Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.9.Jimcannotdrehimself.
10.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.11.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.
12MrsBrownlooksveryhealthy.13Attheageoffifteenhebecameafamouspianist.
14Herjobistolookafterthechildreninthenursery.15Thereportsoundsinteresting.
15MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear16Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.17Wouldyoupleasepamethedictionary?18Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.
19WecallherAlice.20Allofusconsideredhimhonest.21Theyhavesetthethieffree.22Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.23Heaskedustojoininthegame
24TomorrowI’llhavesomeonerepairthemachine.25EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud..26’llgetmyrecordermended.27Sheislisteningtosomeonetellingstories.28Hefeltitverydifficulttotalkwithyou.
29Iconsideritpossibletoworkouttheprobleminanotherway.
30Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclabegins.
Therebe句型
1Thereisn’tgoingtobeameetingtonight.
5Theweathermansaysthere’llbeastrongwindintheafternoon.6
6Thelightison.Theremustbesomeoneiontheoffice.
7Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.8Therehappenedtobenobodyintheroom.9Once,therelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.10Therecomesthebus.
11Thereremainedjusttwenty-eightdollars.
12Infrontofthecave,therestands(grows)atallpinetree.
13Theregoesthebell.14Therearetwenty-eightdaysinFebruary