when/where/why引導(dǎo)的定語從句的用法
在日常過程學(xué)習(xí)中，看到知識(shí)點(diǎn)，都是先收藏再說吧！知識(shí)點(diǎn)就是一些常考的內(nèi)容，或者考試經(jīng)常出題的地方。哪些才是我們真正需要的知識(shí)點(diǎn)呢？下面是小編幫大家整理的when/where/why引導(dǎo)的定語從句的用法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，希望能夠幫助到大家。
when/where/why引導(dǎo)的定語從句的用法
when/where/why引導(dǎo)的定語從句
when， where， why屬于關(guān)系副詞， 都在其引導(dǎo)的定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語， 其具體用法如下：
1.關(guān)系副詞 when引導(dǎo)定語從句（包括限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句）修飾表示時(shí)間的先行詞， 在定語從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語。
例如：
I still remember the day when I first met Jennifer.我仍然記得第一次見到詹妮弗的那一天。
Next month, when you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下個(gè)月即將來臨， 屆時(shí)你們將在家鄉(xiāng)度暑假。
2. 關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句（包括限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句）修飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞， 在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語。
例如：
This is the office where he worked. 這就是他工作過的辦公室。
She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends. 她要到澳門去定居， 在那里她有幾個(gè)密友。
3. 關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句修飾先行詞reason， 在定語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語。
例如： I don’t know the reason why he came so late. 我不知道他來得那么晚的原因。
That is the reason why I don’t want to go. 那就是我不想去的理由。
He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset.他沒有告訴我他為什么那樣心煩意亂。
注意：
關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞之間并非毫無關(guān)聯(lián)， 兩者之間存在密切的聯(lián)系。在備考中尤其要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
很多情況下關(guān)系副詞用“介詞＋which/whom”來代替， 其中的介詞由先行詞或定語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的形式來決定，
例如：
The day when I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.
The day on which I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.
見到這位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。
I shall never forget those years when I lived with her.
I shall never forget those years during which I lived with her.
我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我跟她生活的那些歲月。
This is a hall where the medical conference will be held.
This is a hall in which the medical conference will be held.
這是禮堂， 醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)議將在此召開。
2. 并非先行詞表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)時(shí)都分別用when或where來引導(dǎo)相應(yīng)的定語從句， 若關(guān)系詞在修飾表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的先行詞的定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、 賓語等而不是狀語時(shí)， 需用which或that引導(dǎo)相應(yīng)的定語從句。
例如：
Do you still remember the days which/that we spent together in school? 你還記得我們一起在學(xué)校度過的那些日子嗎？
先行詞the days表時(shí)間， 但是其定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作賓語而不是狀語， 因此不能用when而應(yīng)該用which或that。
3. that有時(shí)可以代替定語從句中的關(guān)系副詞when， where， why， 且that常可以省略， 例如： This is the time （when/that） he arrived. 這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。
考題
［考題1］ We are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer.
A. which B. that C. whose D. when
［答案］ D
［解析］ 本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的限定性定語從句修飾表示時(shí)間的先行詞age， 其引導(dǎo)詞在該定語從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語， 因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞when。
［考題2］ The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that far away village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
［答案］ C
［解析］ 本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的限定性定語從句修飾表示時(shí)間的先行詞hours， 其引導(dǎo)詞在該定語從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語， 因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞when。
［考題3］ It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ____ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A. that B. while C. which D. when
［答案］ D
［解析］ 本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句修飾表示時(shí)間的先行詞moment， 其引導(dǎo)詞在該定語從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語， 因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞when。
［考題4］ After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
［答案］ B
［解析］ 本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的限定性定語從句修飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞town， 其引導(dǎo)詞在該定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語， 因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞where。
［考題5］ We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, ____ other visitors seldom go.
A. what B. which C. where D. when
［答案］ C
［解析］ 本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句修飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞some other places， 其引導(dǎo)詞在該定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語， 因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞where。
［考題6］ I walked in our garden, ____ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.
A. which B. when C. where D. that
［答案］ C
［解析］ 本題中下劃線處所引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞garden并在該定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語， 因此只能填入關(guān)系副詞where。
［考題7］ We’re just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. where B. that C. when D. which
［答案］ A
［解析］ point可以理解成地點(diǎn)、 位置， 其后面的定語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語， 因此下劃線處只能填入引導(dǎo)詞where
拓展閱讀
定語從句as的用法
一、用作連詞的as
1. 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，其用法與when和while類似。例如：As a child (When he was a child), she was sent to six different schools.此用法中as多表示從句與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，意為“一邊……一邊……”，一般不與狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。例如：She sang songs as she did her homework.
as 還可以表示一動(dòng)作緊接著另一動(dòng)作發(fā)生，說明另一動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，有“隨著……”的含義。例如：As time went by, we found he was an honest man./As he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening.
例1 It wasn’t until nearly a month later________ I received the manager’s reply.
A. since B. when C. as D. that
解析：本題的as中與when一起作為干擾項(xiàng)，容易使考生往時(shí)間狀語從句上思考，事實(shí)上本題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，正確選項(xiàng)是D。
2. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，表示“由于，因?yàn)椤保喈?dāng)于because, 但通常置于句首。例如： As he is a qualified doctor, I trust his advice on medical matters.
例2 _____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.
A. While B. Since C. As D. If
解析：本題中as干擾性很強(qiáng)，很多考生誤以為是原因狀語從句，但仔細(xì)分析不難發(fā)現(xiàn)正確答案應(yīng)是A(while表示“只要”)。
3. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，通常可與although或though通用，但語序不同，although或though用于句首，as用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow. /Although(或Though)I am young, I already know what career I want to follow. as 表示讓步用于倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，通常將從句的表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞前置。如果表語有冠詞a/an, 需去掉。例如：Great scholar as he is, he is lacking in common sense./Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you. 例3 _____ he has limited technical knowledge, the older worker has a lot of experience.
A. SinceB. Unless C. As D. Although
解析：as 雖然有引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句用法，但本題不是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，故正確答案應(yīng)是D。
4. 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，表示“如，像”。例如：When in Rome, do as Romans do./Do to others as you would have others do to you.
例4 We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn’t quite ________ as planned.
A. make outB. turn out C. go onD. come up
解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析，題干中的“as planned”給同學(xué)們提供了重要信息，答案選B。
5. 固定句型：“主句，as +be/do+主語”表示“也一樣”。例如：She’s unusually tall, as are both her parents./He’s a doctor, as was his wife before she had children.
二、用作介詞的`as
1.表示“如，像”。例如：They got united as one man./She spoke of me as her dearest friend.
2.表示“作為、當(dāng)作”。例如：As a League member, you should think more of others.
3.與某些動(dòng)詞搭配，表示“把……當(dāng)作……”，如：look on…as…, regard…as…, treat…as…, consider…as…, think of…as…, see…as…等。其中consider…as…中的as可以省略。as與famous或known搭配，表示“作為……而出名”。
例5 Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.
A. knowingB. known C. being knownD. to be known
解析：如果熟悉be known as這一短語，運(yùn)用有關(guān)非謂語動(dòng)詞的常識(shí)，可選出正確答案B。
三、用作關(guān)系代詞的as
1. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞前通常有as, so, such, same等修飾語。例如：He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find./My hometown is no longer the same as it used to be./As many people as are present will be given a present.在此種用法中，同學(xué)們要注意與結(jié)果狀語從句的區(qū)別。比如：A: The teacher asked us such a difficult question that none of us could answer it. B: The teacher asked us such a difficult question as none of us could answer.A句為結(jié)果狀語從句，而B句則是定語從句。
2. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用來指代整個(gè)主句(即先行句)，表示“這一事實(shí)，那一情況”。從句可以位于句首、句中或句末。例如：We stand when the national anthem is played, as is the custom.
例6 ______ I explained on the telephone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A. When B. After C. As D. Since
解析：根據(jù)句意，選項(xiàng)C是正確答案。as表現(xiàn)的正是本點(diǎn)所講用法。
四、用作副詞的as
修飾形容詞或副詞，表示程度，意為“同樣地”。例如：He swims fast, but I swim just as fast. 但它通常構(gòu)成表示比較的結(jié)構(gòu)“asas”，“not asas”。此結(jié)構(gòu)中第一個(gè)as是副詞，第二個(gè)as是連詞。否定結(jié)構(gòu)中的副詞as可以由so代替。asas possible /one can也屬于此用法。例如：It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
五、用在習(xí)語中的as
由as構(gòu)成的習(xí)語很多，常見的有：as soon as “一就”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句;as/so long as “只要”引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句;as if/though “好像，仿佛”，引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句或表語從句;as to/ as for “至于，就而言”;as much/many as“多達(dá)”;as/so far as “就的限度”;as a result，as a result of “(由于的)結(jié)果”;as a matter of fact“事實(shí)上”;as well “也、還”;A as well as B“不但A而且B”;as it is“照現(xiàn)狀看，看樣子”，等等。這些習(xí)語在高考中可能經(jīng)常遇到，在高考題中有的作為正確選項(xiàng)，有的作為干擾項(xiàng)，有的出現(xiàn)在題干，值得同學(xué)們認(rèn)真掌握。例如：
例9 I would like a job which pays more, but ______ I enjoy the work I’m doing at the moment.
A. in other wordsB. on the other hand C. for one thing D. as a matter of fact 解析：選項(xiàng)D極具干擾意義，但進(jìn)一步研讀會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)本題中的兩個(gè)分句表達(dá)了一件事的兩個(gè)對(duì)立面，故選B。
例10 ——People should stop using their cars and start using public transport. ——______. The roads are too crowded as it is.
A. All right B. Exactly C. Go aheadD. Fine
解析：本題選項(xiàng)中雖沒有as內(nèi)容，但題干中的as it is卻是解題的關(guān)鍵信息，正確選項(xiàng)為B。
【when/where/why引導(dǎo)的定語從句的用法】相關(guān)文章：
托福寫作：when引導(dǎo)句07-04
when引導(dǎo)句托福寫作技巧08-27
托福閱讀考試中的定語和賓語從句10-22
考研有哪些破解了定語從句的譯法12-11
2016托福閱讀賓語與定語從句解析09-26
英語四級(jí)作文定語從句09-16
2018廣東高考英語定語從句語法填空題09-06
2017中考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)：定語從句09-22
考研英語語法之定語從句的四種翻譯法08-24