定語和定語從句的區(qū)別

　　概念理解

　　1. 什么是定語：定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的成分，它可以是一個詞，短語或者句子。如

　　果是一個句子，則這個句子就是定語從句。

　　She is a girl. (beautiful是定語，用來修飾名詞girl)

　　I need a （blue是定語，用來限定名詞pen）

　　Will you attend the meeting ? （不定式作后置定語）

　　I met a stranger （定語從句，用來修飾a stranger）

　　2. 構(gòu)成定語從句有三個部分：

　　1) _：被定語從句所修飾或限定的詞

　　2) _：一個用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞

　　練習(xí)：請找出以下定語從句的三個部分:

　　1) The book that I am reading is very interesting

　　2) I still remember the place where I met her for the first time.

　　3) They helped the man whose car had broken down.

　　3. 定語從句的 引導(dǎo)詞 有兩種： 關(guān)系代詞： 關(guān)系副詞: when, where, why;

　　關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句.

　　1) This is the man 先行詞the man 在定語從句中作主語)

　　2) She is the girl we met yesterday. (先行詞the girl在定語從句中作賓語)

　　3) My partner is a boy mother is a teacher. （先行詞a boy在定語從句中充當定語，即“他的/她

　　的/它的/他們的/它們的”，引導(dǎo)詞用whose）

　　4) The park is near my home is very beautiful. （先行詞the park 在定語從句中作主語）

　　5) The letter I received was from my father.（先行詞 the letter 在定語從句中作賓語）

　　6) We talked about the persons and things （先行詞是 the persons and things，既有人又有物，所以只用that引導(dǎo)）

　　7) He won the first place in the exam, was very surprising. (先行詞是前面整個句子)

　　練習(xí)：

　　1. Do you still remember the chicken farm _______________ we visited three months ago?

　　2. The room _________________ window faces north is my sister's.

　　3. He is the boy __________________ helped the blind woman cross the road .

　　4. Is this the man _______________you saw just now?

　　5. This is the very book ______________ I want to read.

　　6. We should everything _____________ is useful to people.

　　7. Her sister has become a lawyer, ____________ was always her dream.

　　【注意以下特殊情況】

　　下列情況只能用that，不能用which

　　①. 先行詞為不定冠詞all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等.

　　All you have to do is to practice every day. 你所要做的是每天訓(xùn)練。

　　There isn’t much 沒有什么我可以做的。

　　②. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級所修飾時.

　　The first lesson (我第一次學(xué)的課我不會忘記的。

　　This is the best film ( ) I have ever seen. 這是我看過最好的一部電影。

　　③. 先行詞被all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代詞修飾時.

　　I have read all the books () you gave me. 我已經(jīng)讀完你給我的全部書籍。

　　④. 先行詞被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修飾時.

　　The white flower is the only one

　　This is the very book This is the same book 同一本書)

　　⑤. 當主句以who/ which/ what開頭的 等特殊疑問句時,定語從句that 引導(dǎo).

　　Who is the man Which of us knows something about physics doesn’t know this ?

　　⑥. 先行詞既有人又有物時。

　　We talked about the persons and things we could remember.

　　⑦. time做先行詞，前面如果有序數(shù)詞或 last 來修飾時，定語從句用 that 來引導(dǎo)或省略；如果沒有序

　　數(shù)詞或 last 來修飾時，既可用 when 也可用that來引導(dǎo)。

　　This is the last time () I shall give you a lesson.

　　The first time (此外：

　　⑧. 不定代詞(anyone, someone, everyone, those等 )指人時，通常用who引導(dǎo)，而不用that

　　Is there anyone knows the answer? (有沒有知道這個答案的人呢？)

　　I admire those are willing to help others. （我欣賞那些樂于助人的人）

　　⑨. 先行詞有such，the same修飾，通常用as引導(dǎo)

　　I have never heard about such a story I want to have such a dictionary Such students This is the same pen I lost. 這支鋼筆跟我丟的那支筆一模一樣。

　　This is the same pen I lost. 這支鋼筆就是我丟的.那一支。

　　練習(xí)：

　　1. I’ve read all the books __________________ our teacher asks us to read.

　　2. This is the biggest lab __________________ we have ever built in our university.

　　3. Who is the student__________________ was late for school today?

　　4. Tom is the first boy __________________ left the room.

　　5. God helps those _______________ help themselves. (自助者天助)

　　6. He ______________ laughs last laughs best. (誰笑在最后，誰笑得最好。)

　　7. Anyone ______________ saw the accident should phone the police.

　　8. Is oxygen the only gas ______________ helps fire burn?

　　9. He saw a house _____________ windows were all broken.

　　10. I have never heard of such stories ___________ he tells.

　　關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

　　關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中做狀語（時間狀語，地點狀語，原因狀語）.

　　I still remember the day I first came to Beijing. （when = on that day時間狀語）

　　I’ll never forget the time (when = at that time時間狀語)

　　The story reminds me of last year I traveled in Britain. (when = last year時間狀語)

　　2、先行詞是地點，且在定語從句中作地點狀語（或定語從句是完整句子時），用where引導(dǎo)。

　　This is the place （where = in this place 地點狀語） The factory 地點狀語)

　　3、先行詞是原因，且在定語從句中作原因狀語（或定語從句是完整句子時），用why引導(dǎo)。

　　I know the reason for the reason)

　　The reason 4、特殊情況：先行詞如果是stage, point, situation, condition, position, case等，且從句部分是完整句子，此時習(xí)慣用where 引導(dǎo)。

　　Can you think of a situation It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.

　　把小孩處于一種（讓他們能不同地看待自己的）情景，這他們是有幫助的。

　　綜合練習(xí)，用正確的引導(dǎo)詞來填空。

　　1. The man _______________ visited our school yesterday is from London.

　　2. Do you remember those days _______________ we spent along the seashore very happily?

　　3. Those _______________ want to go please sign your names here.

　　4. Who is the woman _______________ is sweeping the floor over there?

　　5. Do you work near the building _______________ color is yellow?

　　6. His father works in that factory _______________ computers are produced.

　　7. His father works in that factory _______________ produces bikes.

　　8. He is devoted to his career _______________ he can achieve his life goal.

　　9. He has reached a stage _______________ no one can change his mind.

　　你能想到一次（你曾經(jīng)感到尷尬的）情形嗎？

　　10. This was the supermarket _______________ I bought this kind of tin.

　　11. The house _______________ we live is not big.

　　12. This is the place _______________ he works.

　　13. This is the place _______________ we visited last year.

　　14. This is the very film __________ I’ve long wished to see.

　　15. This is the fastest train __________ is going to Nanjing.

　　16. We are living in an age __________ many things are done on computer.

　　17. This is the boy __________ English is the best in our class.

　　18. Those students __________ want to use the computers must ask for permission first.

　　先做幾個題目比較一下：

　　1. I can remember the days _______________ we spent together cutting school.

　　I can remember the days _______________ we played together in the village.

　　2. This is the supermarket _______________ I bought this kind of tin.

　　This is the supermarket _______________ you want to find.

　　3. This is the school ____________ I studied three years ago.

　　This is the school ____________ I visited three years ago.

　　4. The reason ____________ he was absent from school was unknown.

　　The reason ____________ he gave us was unbelievable.

　　限制性和非限制定語從句

　　一、 概念講解：

　　限制性定語從句 是修飾先行詞必不可少的成分，去掉從句后句子的意義就不能成立或意思不清楚。如：

　　A plane is a machine that can fly.

　　非限制性定語從句 只對先行詞作進一步的說明，去掉從句后句子仍然可以成立。非限制性定語從句前

　　一般用逗號將之與主句隔開

　　如：This note was left by Mary，who was here a moment ago.

　　1. who 指人，做主語。Yesterday I met Li Ping, seemed to be very busy.

　　2. whom 指人, 作賓語. He had many friends, 3. whose 指人, 作定語. The Chairman’s daughter, 4. which 指物, 做主語,賓語. His speech, 5. where 指地點, 作狀語. Galileo lived in Pisa, there is a tower about 180 feet high.

　　6. when 指時間, 作狀語. He was born in 1937, 7. as引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其先行詞通常是一個句子. As we all know, he studies very hard.

　　as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可放在主句前,也可放在主句后.在很多情況下已經(jīng)構(gòu)成固定搭配.

　　As we can see，正如我們能看到的,

　　As is known to all，眾所周知

　　As you know 正如你所知,

　　As I expected 正如我所預(yù)料， As is mentioned above 如上所說 As is reported 正如報道所說 As the saying goes, 正如俗話說， As is often said 正如經(jīng)常所說，

　　As is often the case, 這是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事

　　as和 which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句的比較：

　　1. 非限定性定語從句位于句未，而且as 和which 在從句中作主語、賓語、表語時

　　可互換。He is a farmer, as/which is clear from his manner.

　　This elephant is like a snake, anybody can see.

　　2.which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句一般放在句未，而as 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句

　　可放在句未，也可放在句中、句首。 放在句首時不能用which 替換。

　　Taiwan is part of China, is known to all. （能翻譯成“正如…”可用as引導(dǎo)）

　　Crusoe lost his dog, made him very sad. （不用as，因為沒有“正如…”人含義）

　　we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth. （不能用Which）

　　二、 介詞提前的定語從句（介詞+ which/whom）

　　1 關(guān)系代詞which, whom在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，從句可有：介詞+ whichwhom 引出。

　　1） Great changes are taking place in the city which they live in .

　　= Great changes are taking place in the city 2) The film which I’m speaking of is to be shown next week.

　　= The film

　　3. This is the teacher whom I’ve learnt a lot from.

　　= This is the teacher I’ve learnt a lot.

　　4. The man whom we sent the present to is a doctor of laws.

　　= The man whom 5. The situation which we had got into was very dangerous.

　　had got was very dangerous.

　　6 The policeman whom Mr. Henry is talking with is a friend of mine.

　　= The police man Mr. Henry is talking is a friend of mine.

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