定語從句有哪幾種
在生活、工作和學習中，大家都經常接觸到句子吧，不同的句子類型在文章中具有不同的作用。你知道什么樣的句子才能稱之為經典嗎？下面是小編收集整理的定語從句有哪幾種，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。
一、 限制性與非限制性定語從句
(一) 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別
限制性定語從句對先行詞起修飾限制作用;而非限制性定語從句是對先行詞起補充說明作用。非限制性定語從句中，先行詞與定語從句往往有逗號割開。非限制性定語從句相當于并列句、狀語從句等。如：
I want this man, who (=for he) can speak English.
He gave up the plan, which (=though it) was a very good one.
I met John, who (=and he) told me the news.
I will take this one, which (=for it) seems to be the best one.
He has two sons, who work in the same company. (He has only two sons.)
He has two sons who work in the same company. (Perhaps he has more than two sons.)
(二) 非限制性定語從句中關系代詞和關系副詞的用法
1、 關系代詞和關系副詞在任何情況下都不能省略;
2、 Who(主語)，whom(賓語)，which(主語、賓語)不能用that代替，也不能互相替換;
3、 介詞+which/whom+從句結構中，介詞不能移到從句的后面;
4、 when, where可用于非限制性定語從句。
二、 關系代詞的用法
(一) 關系代詞的作用和分類
1、關系代詞的作用有三個：
(1) 連接作用：關系代詞引導從句，把它和主句連接起來;
(2) 替代作用：關系代詞在從句中替代它前面的先行詞;
(3) 成分作用：關系代詞在從句中總是充當句子成分。
2、關系代詞的用法分類
關系代詞的用法與分類有三點依據：
(1) 根據所引導的從句的限制性和非限制性;
(2) 根據所替代的先行詞是指人還是指物;
(3) 根據它在從句中所充當的成分----主語、賓語、表語或者定語。
(二) 關系代詞that和which的用法
1、 限制性定語從句中，必須用關系代詞that的情況：
(1) 當先行詞是不定代詞all, much, little, something, everything, anything,
nothing, the one時。如：
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?
You should hand in all that you have.
(2) 當先行詞前面被the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all等詞修飾時。
如：
This is the very person that I’m waiting for.
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
(3) 當先行詞是形容詞最高級或者先行詞的前面有形容詞最高級修飾時。如： This is the best that has been used against pollution.
This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.
(4) 當先行詞是序數詞或它前面有序數詞修飾時。如：
This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.
What is the first American film that you have seen?
(5) 當先行詞既有人又有物時。如：
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
(6) 當主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時。如：
Which is the bike that you lost?
Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
(7) 有兩個定語從句時，其中一個關系代詞也在從句中作表語時。如：
They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.
(8) 當先行詞在主句中作表語，而關系代詞也在從句中作表語時。如：
Shanghai is no longer the city that is used to be.
2、 定語從句中，必須用which的情況：
(1) 在非限制性定語從句中，只用which不用that。如:
Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him.
(2) 當動詞短語中的介詞提前時，只用which不用that。如：
This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.
注意：在一些固定搭配的動詞短語中，由于動詞和介詞不可分割，因此把介詞置于關系代詞之前。如：
This is the pen (which/that) I’ m looking for.
(三) 關系代詞who, whom和whose的用法
先行詞指人：在定語從句中作主語時，用who,不克省略;在定語從句中作賓語時，用whom/that,可以省略;在定語從句中坐定語時，用whose，不可省略。如：
She is the girl who lives next door.作主語
That’s the girl (whom/that) I teach.作賓語
That’s the scientist whose achievements are well known.作定語
This is the house whose window broke last night.
= This is the house, the window of which broke last night.
= This is the house, of which the widow broke last night.
(四)“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句
“介詞+關系代詞”引導定語從句時，關系代詞只能用which或whom，即：介詞+whom/which。
1. 當介詞放在關系代詞的前面時，關系代詞只能用which或whom，關系代詞不能省略。如：
(1) Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born?
(2) He paid the boy 10 Yuan for washing ten windows, most of which hadn’t
been cleaned for at least a year.
(3) In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn
for help.
(4) Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very
reasonable.
(5) The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
2.在限制性定語從句中，當介詞位于定語從句的末尾時，可用that/which ,that/whom/who作介詞的賓語，而且作介詞賓語的關系代詞可以省略。如：
3.”復合介詞短語+關系代詞which”引導的定語從句，這種結構引導的定語從句常與先行詞用逗號分開，定語從句常用倒裝語序。如：
He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.
4.介詞+which/whom+不定式結構
The poor man has no house in which to live.
= The poor man has no house to live in.
= The poor man has no house in which he can live.
(五)關系代詞as引導的定語從句
關系代詞as既可以引導限制性定語從句，也可以引導非限制性定語從句，as在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。
引導限制性定語從句常用于下列形式：
名詞+as像一樣的，像之類
名詞+as 和同樣的
其中關系代詞as在從句中擔當主語、賓語或表語。如：
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
He is not the same man as he was.
2.such as
Such為代詞，意為“這樣的人或物”，as在從句中擔當成分，修飾先行詞such.如： This book is not such as I expect.
(六)關系代詞as, which的區別
1.as引導的非限制性定語從句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有時還克插入主句中，而which引導的非限制性定語從句只能置于主句之后。相同的是兩者都可以替代主句的整個內容，而不是主句中的某一個詞。如：
The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, which can be very eye-opening and rewarding.
2. 當非限制性定語從句放在主句前面時，只能用as.如：
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. = The moon travels round the earth once every month, as/which is known to everybody. = It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once everybody. = What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
后面兩句屬于名詞性從句范疇。
另外，as多用于下列習慣用語中：as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那樣;as is well-known=as is known to all眾所周知;as we had expected正如我們所預料的那樣;as often happens 正如經常發生的那樣;as has been said before 如上所述;as is mentioned above正如上面提到的。
3.當定語從句放在主句后面是，也并不是as就能永遠等于which.
(1)當限定性定于從句是否定句或表示否定時只能用which.如：
He came here very late, which was unexpected.
Mr. Smith usually praises his students Rose in public, which she doesn’t like at all.
(2)當as在從句中作主語時，后面常接動詞的被動語態。如：be known, be said, be reported, be announced等。如果從句中行為動詞是主動語態，一般用which作主語。如： She has been absent again, as is expected. 她又缺席了，這在預料之中。 Tom has made rapid progress, which makes me very happy. Tom取得了很大的進步，這使我很高興。
(3)用在as(it) seems likely, as(it) often happiness, as(it) was printed out, as(it) was said earlier, as I remember (it), as I understand(it), as (it) appears等結構中。如：
Jack has won the first prize, as it often happens.
Jack和往常一樣，獲得了一等獎。
She has read widely in Romantic literature, as it appears from her essay. 她廣泛涉獵了浪漫主意文學，這從她的文章中可以看出來。
(4)as仍然保持作連詞時常有的某種含義。如：
David is tall, as are my brothers.
David很高，我的兄弟也一樣。
He opposed the idea, as could be expected.
不出所料，他反對這個意見。
(5)當非限定性定語從句的謂語是一個復合結構時，只能用which引導定語從句。如:Betty always tells a lie, which her parents find strange.
(6)當非限定性定語從句為否定句時，常用which.如：
Mr. Smith usually praises his student Rose in public, which she doesn’t like at all.
三、關系副詞的用法
(一)當先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時，要用關系副詞。其中when=表時間的介詞(如：ai, in, during等)+which; where=表地點的介詞(如：in, at, on, under等)+which; why=表原因的介詞(如：for)+which; how=表方式的介詞(如：in)+which。如：
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.(when=on which)
Can you tell me the office where he works? (where=in which)
Do you know the reason why he is absent?(why=for which)
(二)介詞+關系代詞(which)=where/when.有時候為表達清楚，還可以在關系副詞where/when前加介詞from, to等。如：China is the birth place of kite, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.
(三)對關系副詞where的考察
對于where的考察趨于復雜，從先行詞為明顯的“地點”轉化為“地點的.模糊化”。事實上，對于where這個詞，不能只理解為表示地點。先行詞表示某人或物的situation，或者某事所發展的stage，或表達某事的某個方面時，都可以用where，這個關系副詞，如：
The accident had reached to a point where both their parents are to be called in. 事情發展到如此程度，不得不請雙方家長來一趟了。
這種用法不僅僅限于定語從句，特殊疑問句中、名詞性從句中也有如此用法。
四、關系副詞和關系代詞的比較
引導定語從句的關系代詞及關系副詞除了起連接先行詞和從句的作用外，他們還有一個最重要的作用，那就是他們分別在定語從句中擔當成分。具體地說，關系代詞在定語從句中作表語、主語、賓語，而關系副詞在定語從句中做狀語。因此，在選擇關系時，最重要的是分析一下定語從句中的成分，若從句中卻主語、賓語或表語，那么必須用關系代詞，若主句中不缺主語、賓語或表語則用關系副詞。
試比較下面的句子：
(1)、Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Beijing?(代)
(2)、Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Beijing?(副)
在句中，定語從句中缺賓語，第二局中，定語從句不缺賓語也不缺主語，因此用關系副詞when來引導。
五、定語從句用法其他要點
(一)、關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，不可省略。
(二)、定語從句中的謂語動詞與先行詞保持一致;當引導定語從句的關系代詞在從句中作主語時，那么定語從句中的謂語動詞在人稱、數的方面，應該與先行詞保持一致。
1.one of + 復數名詞+關系代詞+復數動詞。如：
The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.長城是吸引大批游客的世界著名的建筑之一。
Titanic is one of the wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood. 《泰坦尼克號》是好萊塢生產的最精彩的電影之一。
2.the only one of+復數名詞+關系代詞+單數動詞。如：
The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.長城是地球是唯一一個能從月球上看到的建筑物。
Titanic is the only one of these wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood. 在這些精彩的電影中，《泰坦尼克號》是唯一由好萊塢制作的電影。
注意：not the only one of=one of如：
Tom isn’t the only one of the boys who have passed the exam.
=Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam.
Tom 并非是唯一一個通過考試的男孩=Tom只是通過考試的男孩中的一個。
3.當關系代詞as與which引導非限制性定語從句，修飾主句內容時，若as與which作主語，則從局的謂語動詞用單數形式。如：
Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.
He has passed the college entrance examination, which makes his parents quite happy.
4.其他情況
I, who am your teacher, will try my best to help you.
To own a computer in families, which we thought was impossible twenty years ago, now becomes true.
(三)、注意way和time后接定語從句的情況
1.當先行詞是way意味“方式、方法”時，引導定語從句的關系代詞有下列三種形式 不填
他向我們解釋的那種方法很簡單。
The which he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 不填
他向我解釋句子的那種方法不難理解。
2.先行詞是time,若time作“次數”講時，應用關系代詞that引導定語從句，that可省略;若time作“一段時間”講時，應用關系副詞when或介詞at/during+which引導定語從句。如：This is the second time (that) the President has visited the country. I could hardly remember how many times (that) I have failed.
拓展：定語從句that
that常用作關系代詞，可指代某人，也可指代某物，指物時有的時候可用which替換that，指人時可用who替換。但在下列情況下，一般用that。
一、that指代某物事時
1.先行詞為all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等時。如：
（1）We'll do all that we can to protect the endangered plants and animals.
我們將盡我們的最大努力來保護那些瀕危的動植物。
(2) There is much that I wan to tell you.
我有很多想要告訴你的話。
(3) Is there anything that I can do for you?
有什么我可以幫你的嗎？
2. 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定詞修飾時。如：
(4) You can borrow any book that you want to read in our school library.
在我們圖書館，你可以借任何你想讀的書。
3. 先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。如：
（5）This is the most beautiful city that I've ever seen.
這是我見過的最漂亮的城市。
4. 先行詞被the only, the very, the right, the last 等修飾時。如：
（6）This is the very factory that they visited last summer holiday.
這恰好是他們去年參觀的那個工廠。
（7）This is the only painting in this style that we have.
這種風格的畫我們僅有一幅。
5. 先行詞是并列結構，既有人又有物時。如：
（8）He talked happily of the writer and his books that interested him.
6. 先行詞前有the same 修飾，表示和先行詞是同一物時。如：
（9）This is the same purse that I lost yesterday.
這就是我昨天丟的那個錢夾。
注：如果表示的是與先行詞同一類或相似的某物，則用the same…as….如：
（10）This is the same purse as I lost yesterday.
這個錢夾和我昨天丟的那個一樣。
7. 先行詞為數詞時。
（11）Look at the books on the bookshelf. You can see the two that you bought me for my birthday.
瞧書架上那些書。你可以看到我過生日時你買的那兩本。
8. 如果which引導的定語從句中又含有一個定語從句，為避免重復，第二個定語從句用that。如：
（12）They built a factory which produced things that had never been seen.
他們建了一工廠，生產以前從未見過的東西。
9. 以which作主語開頭的特殊問句，為了避免重復，定語從句用that。如。
（13）Which is the bus that you will take?
你要乘的是哪一班車？
10. 關系代詞在定語從句中作表語時，而且通常省略。如：
（14）My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.
我的家鄉再也不是以前那個樣子了。
11. 關系代詞在there be 句型中作主語時,而且常可以省略。如：
（15）This is the fastest train (that) there has ever been.
這是有史以來最快的列車。
二、that 指代某人時。
1. 泛指某人時。如：
（16）He is a man that is never at a loss.
他是一個從未一籌莫展的人。
2. 主句是以作主語的who開頭的特殊問句，為了避免重復時。如：
（17）Who is the person that is talking with our headmaster?
和我們校長說話的那人是誰？
3. 先行詞前有the same時。如：
（18）This is the same man that gave us a talk last year.
這和去年給我們作報告的是同一人。
4. 關系代詞在定語從句中作表語時。如：
（19）He has changed. He was not the man (that) he was 10 years ago.
他變了。他再也不是10年前的他了。
另外，that也可用作關系副詞，表示時間、地點、原因和方式，在口語中可以用來代替when, where, why 引導的定語從句。在以下名詞day, year, time, moment, reason, place等作先行詞時，可用that作關系副詞引導定語從句。如：
（20）I'll never forget the day (that) I joined the League.
我永遠不會忘記我入團的那一天。
（21）Is this the reason (that) they were late for the meeting?
這就是他們開會遲到的原因嗎？
（22）We want to find a place (that) we can have a picnic.
我們想找一個我們能野餐的地方。
（23）This is the first time that I have been abroad for traveling.
這是我第一次到國外去旅游。
（注：先行詞是time,前面有序數詞或last修飾時，常用that引導定語從句或者省略。）
當先行詞為表示方式的詞the way時，可用that引導定語從句, that常可以省略。
（24）I don't the way you speak to her.
我不喜歡你和她說話那種方式。
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