定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞
定語(yǔ)從句是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)重要語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，也是英語(yǔ)考試的熱點(diǎn)之一。小編下面主要跟大家分享下定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，供大家參考。
1. 根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)法 功能進(jìn)行選擇。
① I will never forget the days when I stayed in Peking University.
② I will never forget the days which / that I spent in Peking University.
③ He is no longer the boy that he used to be.
句①中 stayed 是不及物動(dòng)詞，引導(dǎo)詞 when 在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
句②中 spent 是及物動(dòng)詞，引導(dǎo)詞 which / that 在從句中作 spent 的賓語(yǔ)。
句③中引導(dǎo)詞 that 在從句中作表語(yǔ)。
2. 根據(jù)先行詞及先行詞前的修飾詞來(lái)選擇。
① This is the most beautiful place that I visited last year.
② This is the place which / that I visited last year.
句①中先行詞 place 前有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾，引導(dǎo)詞只能用 that。
句②中先行詞 place 前沒(méi)有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾，引導(dǎo)詞用 which 或 that 均可。
要注意，在下列情況下只能用 that 而不能用 which。
(1)先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。
例句：It's the first composition that I have written in English.
(2)先行詞前有 any, all, few, little, the only, the right, the very, the last 等修飾時(shí)。
例句：You can take any seat that is free.
(3)先行詞是不定代詞 all, some, something, anything, nothing 等時(shí)。
例句：Is there anything that I can do for you?
( 4 )先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。
例句：He told us the people and places that he had visited.
( 5 )在 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞指物時(shí)。
例句：There is a book on the desk that I am interested in.
( 6 )在由 which, who, whom 等開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句中。
例句：Which is the book that interests you most?
3. 根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的`位置及意義進(jìn)行選擇。
① Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.
② as is known to all, is a part of China.
③ As anybody can see, the elephant's nose is like a snake.
關(guān)系代詞as和which在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中均可指代主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容。但 which 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在句末，如句①，而as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可放在句末，也可放在句中或句首，如句②和句③。另外，which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常與主句有種因果關(guān)系，可譯作“所以”，語(yǔ)氣不強(qiáng)時(shí)可不必譯出。as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾整個(gè)主句時(shí)，往往與系動(dòng)詞搭配使用，可譯作“這一點(diǎn)，正如”。
4. 根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的性質(zhì)進(jìn)行選擇。
① The park, which we visited yesterday, is very beautiful.
② The park which / that we visited yesterday is very beautiful.
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能用 that 來(lái)引導(dǎo)，并且作賓語(yǔ)的引導(dǎo)詞不能省略;而限制性定語(yǔ)從句不受限制。句①就是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，故引導(dǎo)詞只能用which，句②是限制性定語(yǔ)從句，故引導(dǎo)詞用which或that均可。
5. 根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中介詞所在的位置進(jìn)行選擇。
① This is the room in which I used to live.
② This is the room which / that I used to live in.
定語(yǔ)從句中如介詞前置，作其賓語(yǔ)的引導(dǎo)詞就不能用 that ，而只能用 which ，且不可省略，故句①只能用 which ;句②則用 which 或 that 均可，且可省略。但要注意，含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不能將介詞拆開(kāi)前置，只能放在動(dòng)詞之后。
例句：The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very happy.
6. 關(guān)系代詞 as 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常與 the same, such, so 等搭配。
例句：He is doing the same work as I am.他正在做著和我一樣的工作。
7. that 有時(shí)被用作關(guān)系副詞，代替 in / on / for which ，并且常常被省略。
例句：The way ( that / in which ) you look at problem is wrong.
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