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定語從句引導詞的省略
定語從句中是需要引導詞的,那么定語從句引導詞的省略又是怎么樣的呢?下面是小編精心整理的定語從句引導詞的省略,希望對你有幫助!
1、在非正式文體中,用于指人的關系代詞who whom, that 指代先行詞在定語從句中作賓語時通常可以省略;用于指物的關系代詞which和that指代先行詞在定語從句中作賓語時中也通常省略。例如:
1)The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer.
2)Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?
2、 關系代詞指代先行詞在定語從句中作表語時,只用that ,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但時常省略。例如:
1)He is no longer the man that he used to be.
2)This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.
3、以the way為先行詞的限制性定語從句,如果先行詞way在定語從句中做狀語,通常以in which或 that 引導,但在非正式文體中,人們通常省略in which或 that 。例如;
1)The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious.
2)I don’t like the way (that) you laugh at her.
4、以place為先行詞的限制性定語從句,如果先行詞place在定語從句中做狀語,通常以where 引導,但在非正式文體中,人們通常省略where。例如:
1)This is the place (where) we met yesterday.
5、以reason為先行詞的限制性定語從句,如果先行詞reason在定語從句中做狀語,通常以why引導,但在非正式文體中,人們通常省略why。例如:
1)That is the real reason(why) he did it.
6、以time,day,week,month,year等為先行詞的限制性定語從句,如果先行詞在定語從句中做狀語,通常以when引導,但在在某些句型和某些時間狀語中,人們通常省略when。例如:
1)But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.
2)Each time he came, he did his best to help us.
注:針對以上情況,下列情形定語從句的引導詞不能省。
1、如果作介詞賓語且介詞提前,這時關系代詞指人用whom,指物用which,而且均不能省。例如:
1)Gun control is a subject about which Americans have argued for a long time.
2) She brought with her three friends,none of whom I had ever met before.
2)在非限制性定語從句中,無論是關系代詞還是關系副詞均不能省。例如:
1) They have won their last three matches, which I find a bit surprising actually
定語從句引導詞的用法
關系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;
一:關系代詞的用法 關系代詞 指代對象及在從句中所作的成分
使用要點
that
即指人又指物;作主語或賓語(作賓語時可省略)
只用于限制性定語從句中,介詞后面不能跟that。 當代替物時,可以與which通用。
Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that I gave her.
昨天艾米麗穿了我送給她的新衣服。
I have a friend that likes listening to classical music我有個朋友喜歡聽古典音樂。
which
指物;作主語或賓語(作賓語時可省略)
在非限定性定語從句中,只宜用which,不能用that.在限定性定語從句中,可用在介詞之后。
My parents live in a house which is more than 100 years old
我的父母住在一座具有100多年歷史的房子里
who,whom
指人;作主語或賓語(whom常可省略) 先行詞必須為人。Who可代替在從句中擔任賓語的whom,若前有介詞,須用whom
A couch potato is a person who spends a lot of time watching TV. “A couch potato”指那種成天沉湎于電視中的人。
The student(whom)I taught two years ago has joined the army.
我兩年前教的那個學生已經參軍了。
whose 既指人又指物;作定語 是代詞的所有格, 代物時,相當于of which。
The room whose window faces south is mine. 那個窗戶朝南的房間是我的。
注意:whose指物時,常用of which結構來代替。如:
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
定語從句引導詞的判斷
方法一: 用關系代詞,還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語,就必須要 求用關系代詞。例如:
(錯) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(錯) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(對) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(對) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關系副詞 where, when聯系在一起。此兩題錯在關系詞的誤用上。
方法二: 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系 副詞.先行詞在從句中作主、定、賓語時,應選擇關系代詞;先行詞在從句中作狀語時,應選 擇關系副詞。
例如:(對)Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?
(對)Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
關系代詞引導的定語從句
關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系代詞在定語 從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。
1)who, whom,that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞,在從句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
2) Whose 用來指人或物,(只用作定語, 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3)which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等,例如:
A prosperitywhich / thathad never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農村出現了前所未 有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作主語)
The packagewhich / thatyou are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作賓語)
關系副詞引導的定語從句
關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。
1)when, where, why
關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當于"介詞+ which"結構,因此常常和"介詞+ which"結構交替使用,例 如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關系副詞
that可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從 句,在非正式文體中that常被省略(正式文體中不可省略),例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住過的地方。
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