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高中定語從句例子
定語從句是高中英語語法中的一個重要組成部分，它不僅在英語寫作中起到錦上添花的作用，更是高考英語考試中的必考內容之一。下面是小編收集整理的高中定語從句例子，供大家參考借鑒，希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
高中定語從句例子
(一)定義及相關術語
1.定語從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。
2.先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。
3.關系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。
關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;關系副詞有when, where, why等。
關系詞通常有下列三個作用：
A、引導定語從句;
B、代替先行詞;
C、在定語從句中擔當一個成分。例如：
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 該句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定語從句，修飾先行詞the man， “who”是引導定語從句的關系詞，代替先行詞the man，在定語從句中作主語。
(二)關系代詞引導的定語從句
1.who 指人，在定語從句中作主語。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物館的人必須在明晨7點到大門口集合。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我幫助了一位迷路的老人。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我們物理的老師。
2.whom 指人，在定語從句中做賓語，常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 劉先生就是你們在公共汽車上談論的那個人。
Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要見的男孩。The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已經來了。
The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老師經常表揚的那個女孩是我們的班長。
注意：關系代詞whom 在口語或非正式文體中常可用who 來代替，也可省略。
The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.
3.Which 指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多數男孩所喜歡的運動。
The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造計算機的那家公司離這兒很遠。
He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜歡外國作家寫的書。
The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖邊的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。
This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 這是他昨天買的鋼筆。
The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他們昨晚看的電影一點意思也沒有。
4.That 指人時，相當于who 或whom;指物時，相當于which.。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時常可省略。
The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年來參觀這座城市的人數達一百萬。
Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那個人在哪兒?
The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介紹給我的那個人很友好。
The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 春天以后的季節是夏季。
Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封來自澳大利亞的信。
5.Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 我拜訪了一個全國知名的科學家。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一個爸爸當醫生的朋友。
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾經住在那幢屋頂已經倒塌了的房子里。
注意：指物時，常用下列結構來代替：
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?
(三)“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句
關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常常由“介詞+關系代詞”引出。
The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.
The school in which he once studied is very famous. 他曾經就讀過的學校很出名。
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.
Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.明天我將把你要的雜志帶來。
This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.
This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 這是我昨天跟他打臺球的男孩。
We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.
We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.我們將去聽那位我們經常談論的著名歌唱家演唱。
The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.
我工作的那家公司的經理十分注意改善我們的工作條件。
注意：
1. 含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。
This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) 這是我正在找的手表。
This is the watch for which I am looking . (誤)
The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正) 那個保姆照看的小寶寶們都很健康。
The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. (誤)
2.若介詞放在關系代詞前，關系代詞指人時只可用whom，不可用who, that;關系代詞指物時只可用which，不可用that。關系代詞是所有格時用whose。
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) 你剛才跟他談話的那個人是我的鄰居。
The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (誤)
The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)我們去加拿大所乘坐的飛機實在很舒服。
The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (誤)
3.“介詞+關系代詞”前還可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代詞或者數詞。如：
He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 他深深地愛著他的父母，他們倆待他都很好。
In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. 籃子里有好些蘋果，有些已經壞了。
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 我們班總共有40個學生，大多數來自大城市。
Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 迄今為止，他寫了10部小說，其中3部是關于農村生活的。
詞+關系代詞引導的定語從句特例
1)...... ， ...of +關系代詞。2)which 代替this/that/the
(四)關系副詞引導的定語從句
1. when 指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然記得我第一次來到這所學校的那一天。
The time when we got together finally arrived. 我們團聚的時刻終于到了。
October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中華人民共和國成立的日子。
Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 你還記得在農村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年嗎?
2. where 指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。
Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已經被拆掉了。
I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . 我參觀了那個飼養了許多奶牛的農場。
Is this the place where they fought the enemy? 這是他們當初打敵人的地方嗎?
3. why 指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 請告訴我你誤機的原因。
The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 他受懲罰的原因我們都不知道。
I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 我不知道他今天為什么看上去不愉快。
注意：關系副詞引導的定語從句經常可以用“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句來表示。如：
From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. 自從他在農村讀小學時，他就已經知道長大后要做什么。
Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. 他們生活的城市正發生巨大的變化。
The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. 他為什么拒絕接受邀請的原因是十分明了的。
(五)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句
形式上：不用逗號“，”與主句隔開。
意義上：是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達不完整。
譯法上：譯成先行詞的定語：“...的”
關系詞的使用上：A.作賓語時可省略 B.可用that C.可用who 代替whom
非限制性定語從句
形式上：用逗號“，”與主句隔開。
意義上：只是對先行詞的補充說明，如刪除，主句仍能表達完整的意思。
譯法上：通常譯成主句的并列句。
關系詞的使用上：A.不可省略 B.不用that C.不可用who 代替whom
限制性定語從句舉例：
The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 老師告訴我說湯姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。
China is a country which has a long history. 中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。
In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 在街上我看到一個來自非洲的人。
非限制性定語從句舉例 ：
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他媽媽十分地愛他，對他要求很嚴格。
China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 中國是1949年成立的， 現在正變得越來越強大。
Last summer I visited the People’s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year. 去年夏天，我參觀了人民大會堂，在那兒每年都要舉行許多重要會議。
高中定語從句
一、定語從句
定語從句(Attributi ve Clauses)在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現在先行詞之后，由關系詞(關系代詞或關系副詞)引出。
關系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
關系副詞有：when, where, why等。
二、關系代詞引導的定語從句
關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要和先行詞保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想見的人嗎？(who/that在從句中作主語)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
2) Whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語， 若指物，它還可以同of which互換), 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。
3)which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農村出現了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作賓語)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語)
三、關系副詞引導的定語從句
關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。
1)when, where, why
關系副詞when, where, why的含義相當于"介詞+ which“結構，因此常常和”介詞+ which"結構交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？
2)that代替關系副詞
that可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。
四、判斷關系代詞與關系副詞
方法一： 用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關系代詞;而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判斷改錯(注：先顯示題，再顯示答案，橫線;用不同的顏色表示出。)
(錯) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(錯) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(對) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(對) Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關系副詞 where, when聯系在一起。此兩題錯在關系詞的誤用上。
方法二： 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one
答案：例1 D,例2 A
例1變為肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2變為肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關系代詞，所以應選D.
而句2中， 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點，既可用副詞where,又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導地點狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對，所以選A.
關系詞的選擇依據在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中作主、定、賓語時，選擇關系代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應選擇關系副詞 ( where 地點狀語，when 時間狀語，why 原因狀語) 。
五、限制性和非限制性定語從句
1) 定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確;非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開，例如：
This is the house which we bought last month.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個月買的。(非限制性)
2) 當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾經是我的老師。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本小說很動人，我已經讀了三遍。
3) 非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞， 對其進行修飾， 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態水變為蒸汽，這就叫做蒸發。
說明：關系代詞that和關系副詞why不能引導非限制性定語從句。
六、介詞+關系詞
1)介詞后面的關系詞不能省略。
2)that前不能有介詞。
3) 某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的"介詞+關系詞"結構可以同關系副詞when 和where 互換。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
七、as, which非限定性定語從句
由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當于and this或and that.As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例題
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. itB. thatC. whichD. he
答案C. 此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which,it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個獨立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。
2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it
答案B.which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。
3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.
A. thatB. whichC. asD. it
答案B.
as 和which在引導非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點：
(1) as 引導的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2) as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞;若為行為動詞，則從句中的關系代詞只能用which.
在本題中，prevent由于是行為動詞，所以正確選項應為B.
As 的用法
例1. the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一種固定結構， 和……一樣……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引導非限制性從句，常帶有正如。
As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to ones health.
As是關系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語;例2中，它充當從句的主語，謂語動詞know要用被動式。
八、先行詞和關系詞二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what 可以用all that代替)
what/whatever/that……
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what 可以用all that代替)
九、關系代詞that的用法
1)不用that的情況
a) 在引導非限定性定語從句時。
(錯)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介詞后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況
a)在there be 句型中，只用that,不用which.
b)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that,不用which.
c)先行詞有the only, the very修飾時，只用that.
d)先行詞為序數詞、數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that.
e)先行詞既有人，又有物時。
舉例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油問題。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察
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