定語從句引導(dǎo)詞及用法
定語從句中會有引導(dǎo)詞,那么定語從句引導(dǎo)詞有哪一些呢?以及他們的用法又是什么呢?
1. 關(guān)系代詞有:that,which,who,whom,whose,在定語從句中作主語、賓語中表語,whose作定語。代人的有:who,whom,whose,that;代物的有:that,which,whose.例如:
The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人,在定語從句中作主語)
That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人,在定語從句中作賓語,可省略)
Im not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人,在定從中作表語)
A dictionary is a useful book which(=that) tells us the meaning of words(which或that代物,在定從中作主語)
2. 關(guān)系副詞有:when(指時間),where(指地點),why(指原因),在定語從句中作狀語。
例如:Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)
The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.
注意:不是表時間的先行詞都用when引導(dǎo)定從,不是表地點的先行詞都用where引導(dǎo)定從。例如:Well visit the factory which(=that) makes radios.
(which或that在定從中作主語,where不可用主語,故不可用)
They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.
(which或that在定從中作spent的賓語,when不可作賓語,故不可用)
定語從句引導(dǎo)詞及用法
引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞,關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;關(guān)系副詞有where, when, why等。關(guān)系詞常有3個作用:
1、引導(dǎo)定語從句。
2、代替先行詞。
3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當一個成分。
關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1. when指時間,在定語從句中做時間狀語
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地點,在定語從句中做地點狀語
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因,在定語從句中做原因狀語
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意:關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
(六)判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞
方法一: 用關(guān)系代詞,還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。不及物動詞后面無賓語,就必須要求用關(guān)系副詞或者是介詞加關(guān)系代詞;而及物動詞后接賓語,則要求用關(guān)系代詞。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判斷改錯(注:先顯示題,再顯示答案,橫線;用不同的顏色表示出。)
(錯) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(錯) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(對) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(對) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習(xí)慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。
方法二: 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的`成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案:
例1 D,例2 A
例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分為賓語,而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表語,又可做從句的賓語,可以省略關(guān)系代詞,所以應(yīng)選D。
而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全,從句部分為句子的狀語表地點,既可用副詞where,又因 in the museum詞組,可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點狀語。而此題中,介詞on 用的不對,所以選A。
關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分,先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時,選擇關(guān)系代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose);
先行詞在從句中做狀語時,應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點狀語,when 時間狀語,why 原因狀語) 。
由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句,as和which可代整個主句,相當于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。
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