which 引導的定語從句
which 引導的定語從句
which可以引導定語從句， 修飾表示事物的先行詞， 在定語從句中充當主語、 賓語或者表語。例如： He was reading a book， which was about war. 他正在讀一本關于戰爭的書。（關系代詞which在修飾book的定語從句中充當主語。）
He was reading a book， which he had bought from London. 他正在讀一本書， 這本書是從倫敦買回來的。（關系代詞which在修飾book的定語從句中充當賓語。）
which引導非限定性定語從句時有一個特殊用法， 即它所引導的非限定性定語從句修飾主句中更多的部分甚至整個主句（這時被定語從句所修飾的“先行詞”要作廣義理解）， which仍在定語從句中作主語、 賓語或表語。例如：
He set free the birds happily， which was a celebration for his success. 他開心地把鳥放了， 這是對他成功的一種慶祝。
把非限定性定語從句“which was a celebration for his success”的先行詞視為主句中的“the birds”顯然不符合整句的語境， 被“which was a celebration for his success”所修飾的是整個主句， which所引導的這類特殊的非限定性定語從句對主句所敘述的情況進行某種意義的補充說明，which常可譯為“這一點， 這件事”。
［考題1］ You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre， ____ is always busy at the weekend. （2006上海春）
A. that B. where C. what D. which
［答案］ D
［解析］ 引導一個非限定性定語從句修飾the shopping centre， 應選用D選項中的`關系代詞which， which在該定語從句中充當主語。
［考題2］ York， ____ last year， is a nice old city. （2003北京）
A. that I visited B. which I visited
C. where I visited D. in which I visited
［答案］ B
［解析］ 引導一個非限定性定語從句修飾York， 在定語從句中充當及物動詞visit的賓語， 應選用B選項中的關系代詞which.
［考題3］ He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows， most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. （1990）
A. these B. those C. that D. which
［答案］ D
［解析］ 引導一個非限定性定語從句修飾windows， 在定語從句中充當介詞of的賓語， 應選用D選項中的關系代詞which.
［考題4］ The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running， ____ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. （2006江蘇）
A. who B. that C. as D. which
［答案］ D
［解析］ 引導一個非限定性定語從句修飾整個主句“the owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running”所表示的情況， 應選用C選項中的關系代詞which， 在該定語從句中充當主語。
［考題5］ Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play， ____， of course， made the others unhappy. （2000）
A. who B. which C. this D. what
［答案］ B
［解析］ 引導一個非限定性定語從句修飾整個主句“Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play”所表示的情況， 應選用B選項中的關系代詞which， 在該定語從句中充當主語。
［考題6］ The result of the experiment was very good， ____ we hadn’t expected. （2000北京、 安徽春）
A. when B. that C. which D. what
［答案］ C
［解析］ 引導一個非限定性定語從句修飾整個主句“the result of the experiment was very good”所表示的情況， 應選用C選項中的關系代詞which， 在該定語從句中充當及物動詞expect的賓語。
［考題7］ The English play ____ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. （2004）
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
［答案］ C
［解析］ 表示“在英語劇中”應用介詞in， 因此在修飾先行詞play的限定性定語從句中也應用介詞in與指代先行詞play的關系代詞which連用， 本題只能選C.注意： 本題中which充當置于定語從句中最前面的介詞in的賓語（in which在整個定語從句中充當狀語）。
［考題8］ I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was， she had run back in the direction ____ she had come. （2006重慶）
A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which
［答案］ D
［解析］ 表示“從他來的方向跑回去”， 應選用介詞from.下劃線處是引導修飾direction的定語從句。
［考題9］ Frank’s dream was to have his own shop ____ to produce the workings of his own hands. （2005湖南）
A. that B. in which C. by which D. how
［答案］ B
［解析］ 題干句意為： Frank的夢想是擁有一家可以生產自己的手工制品的商店。in which相當于in the shop的含義， 最適合引導定語從句。
［考題10］ I was given three books on cooking， the first ____ I really enjoyed. （2006浙江）
A. of that B. of which C. that D. which
［答案］ B
［解析］ of which表示the first of three books的含義， 介詞of不可以省略， that不可以緊跟介詞后引導定語從句， 因此應選B.
［考題11］ He was educated at a local grammar school，____ he went on to Cambridge. （2005山東）
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this
［答案］ C
［解析］ this不能引導定語從句修飾前面的school， 介詞后的關系代詞不能是that， 因此應排除選項B和D； 由于此處which 指代前面整個主句， 全句意為“他在當地的一所語法學校接受教育之后， 又去了劍橋。”， 介詞應選用 after， 因此應進一步排除選項A而選出C.
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