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定語從句where修飾抽象名詞
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一、where定語從句修飾抽象名詞point
You reach a point where medicine can’t help.
你已到了藥物無法治療的地步。
The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危機已達到非把破產管理人叫來不可的地步。
We have reached a point where a change is needed.
我們到了必須改一改的地步。
注:有時point也可以是具體的地點:
Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E.
設AB線與CD線的相交點為E。
The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1.
事故發生在A15與M1交叉的十字路口。
二、where定語從句修飾抽象名詞case
There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb.
在一些情況下,mighty一詞可用作副詞。
Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
今天,我們將討論一些英語初學者對英語使用不當的問題。
三、where定語從句修飾抽象名詞activity
Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.
那些失聰的成功舞蹈演員們認為,舞蹈是一種讓人看勝過讓人聽的活動。
四、where定語從句修飾抽象名詞situation
He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.
他陷入一種難以分辨是非的局面。
If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it.
你如果拿重要的東西去冒險,那你就是將它置于一種可能會失去它的危險境地。
五、where定語從句修飾抽象名詞position
It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job.
這使我陷入一種不能接受此工作的境地。
六、where定語從句修飾抽象名詞job
She wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use.
她想找一份能將她的'管理技能派上用場的工作。
I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk all day.
我不想找一份整天坐在辦公桌前的工作。
定語從句中where和which 的區別
一、區別
關鍵是看從句中的動詞。
1)如果是及物動詞(顧名思義,就是必須要接物做賓語的動詞,或能用做被動的動詞),則表明從句缺賓語,修飾物用which.
2)如動詞是不及物(顧名思義就是不需要接物做賓語的或要接賓語時前面必須要加介詞的,即用介賓的動詞),則說明從句不缺賓語,可能是狀語(或介賓)。表地點用where.時間用when.
二、例句
1)This is the town which I wanted to visit most.
這就是我曾經最想參觀的城鎮。
由于定語從句中謂語部分的動詞visit缺少賓語,因此填入的關系詞要充當它的賓語,故用關系代詞which。
2)This is the town where I was born.
這就是我出生的城鎮。
定語從句“I was born”不缺少主語和賓語,而是缺少地點狀語,故用關系副詞where,這里where充當地點狀語,修飾was born。
3) Literature is the place where the past meets the present to contemplate the future.
在文學作品里,過去與現實交匯,以思考未來。
這里,先行詞place表示地點,而且定語從句中不缺少主語和賓語,需要的是一個地點狀語修飾meets,因而,此處用where來引導定語從句。
4) In fact, there are now so many deer that some are being sent to places which would like to return this kind of deer to the wild.
事實上,現在鹿群數量過多,以至于有些鹿被送到能使其回到野外的一些地方。
這句話中,先行詞places是表示地點的名詞,但是由于定語從句中缺少主語,所以用關系代詞which來引導,而不使用關系副詞where來引導。
定語從句中where和which以及that的區別
從句中缺地點狀語,用where或介詞+which引導。如:
Please put the letter on the desk where /on which he can easily find it.
先行詞是物時,其引導詞可用 which也可用that,通常情況下二者可互換,但在有些情況下不能。
1.用which不用that引導定語從句的三種情況:
①非限制性定語從句用which,不用that引導。如:
Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.
②先行詞為that時,為了避免重 復,定語從句用which不用that引導。如:
That which you borrowed from me wasn't a real diamond necklace.
③介詞后用which不用that引導。如:
The method with which you solved the problem is very good.
2.用that不用which的七種情況:
①先行詞前有形容詞最高級或序數詞修飾時,用 that不用which引導。如:
This is the best place that I have ever visited.
The second question that is asked is why we don't fall off the earth.
②先行詞為little,much,all,none,few,(the)one, something,everything,nothing,anything等不定代詞時,用that引導。如:
There is nothing in the world that can frighten him.
③先行詞既有指人的名詞又有指物的名詞時,用 that引導。如:
He told us about the people and the cities that he had visited.
④先行詞前有any,all,no,few,every,some,little, much,(the)very,(the)only,(the)last等詞修飾時,用 that引導。如:
This is the very coat that I need.
Is oxygen the only gas that helps fire burn?
⑤先行詞為which時,為了避免重復,用that引導。如:
Which is the book that you bought yesterday?
⑥先行詞在從句中作表語時,常用that引導。如:
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be in the 1930's.
⑦當主句是There be...句型時,用that引導。
There are two tickets for the film that are for you two.
在定語從句中引導地點用that 和where的區別
1.看被定語從句所修飾的先行詞(名詞/代詞)能不能直接和從句相連.
如果可以直接和從句其他成分相連,無須補上介詞,則用that/which;
如果需要額外補上介詞才能放在定語從句中,則用where.
如:This is the city (which/that I stayed in last year).
把先行詞the city放入后面的定語從句,為:
I stayed in (the city) last year.
the city直接做介詞in的賓語,所以用which/that.
再如:This is the city (where I stayed last year).
把先行詞the city放入定語從句,需要補上介詞in方可,即為:
I stayed (in the city) last year.
所以使用where或in which.
2.看定語從句是缺少地點狀語還是缺少主語/賓語/表語.
如果缺少地點狀語,用where;
如果只缺少主語/賓語/表語,則用which/that.
如:This is the city (which/that) I visited last year.
從句I visited last year中,及物動詞visited后面缺少一個賓語,所以用which/that;
再如:This is the city (where) I lived last year.
I lived last year中,缺少地點狀語in the city,所以用where或in which
situation后面的定語從句用that還是where
簡單地說,situation后接的定語從句到底該用that, which來引導還是用where來引導,主要看后面的定語從句的主謂賓是否完整:
1.如果定語從句的主謂賓是完整的(不缺主語也不缺賓語),則要用where來引導。如:
It is asituation wherebasic human rights are being flagrantly abused.這種情形是對基本人權的公然踐踏。
If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangeroussituation whereyou might lose it.你如果拿重要的東西去冒險,那你就是將它置于一種可能會失去它的危險境地。
It’s helpful to put children in asituation wherethey can see themselves differently.把孩子們放到一個能夠讓他們從不同角度看待自己的環境中,這對于他們會有所幫助。
2.如果定語從句的主謂賓不完整(比如缺少主語或者缺少賓語),則要用that, which來引導。如:
It’s asituation thatmust be dealt with.這是必須要處理的事情。
This is asituation whichcannot be changed.這是無法改變的事實。
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