英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法講解及訓(xùn)練題
知識(shí)要點(diǎn)：
名詞性從句包括：主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞有：
A.連詞：that, whether, if（這三個(gè)詞都不作從句的成分，同時(shí)，that無(wú)含義，而whether和if都表“是否”）
B.疑問(wèn)代詞：who, whom, whose, what, which
C.疑問(wèn)副詞：when, where, why, how
（一）主語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句。
1.that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句
that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不同于其他的連詞，既無(wú)詞義也不作成分，只起單純的連接作用，且通常不可以省。為了強(qiáng)調(diào)that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句而置之于句首時(shí)，that不可省。
①That the driver could not control his car was obvious.
②That she was chosen made us very happy.
③That he will come is certain.
④That he would take the risk is true.
⑤That he should have married her isn't surprising.
通常，that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)用it做形式主語(yǔ)，把從句置于句尾，此時(shí)that有時(shí)可省。例如：
①I(mǎi)t was obvious that the driver could not control his car.
②It made us very happy that she was chosen.
③It is certain that he will come.
④It is true that he would take the risk.
⑤It isn't surprising (that) he should have married her.
如果以that從句為主語(yǔ)的句子是疑問(wèn)句，就只能用先行詞it結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
①I(mǎi)s it certain that he will come?
②Is it true that he would take the risk?
▲it做形式主語(yǔ)有以下幾種不同的結(jié)構(gòu)：
(1)It + be + 形容詞+ that-從句
①I(mǎi)t is likely that he will come.
②It is strange that she has ever trusted him.
③It is important that he (should) attend the meeting.
④It is best that he (should) go.
此句型在表示驚訝、喜悅、遺憾等感情色彩時(shí)，that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也常用 (should) + v原形。
It is strange that no one should have objected to the plan.
(2)It + be +名詞+ that-從句
It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.
It's a pity that he should have catched the train.
(3) It + be + -ed分詞 + that從句
It is said that he is a famous writer.
It is reported that there will be a storm this afternoon.
▲在表示建議、要求、命令等意義的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，that從句中的.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用(should) do。（參見(jiàn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣部分）
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be held this afternoon.
It is demanded that he (should) leave at once.
(4) It + seem/happen/appear等不及物動(dòng)詞 + that從句。（look不接that從句，它接to be結(jié)構(gòu)或形容詞）
It seems that he is wrong.
It appears that they are in urgent need of help.
He looks (to be) surprised/happy/sad.
2. whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，意為“是否”，只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)任何成分。（置于句首時(shí)必須用whether引導(dǎo)，置于句尾時(shí)，間或可用if。）
Whether he will win the game is not clear.
Whether he will come is uncertain.
Whether she comes or not doesn't concern me.
It is not clear whether/if he will come.
It was uncertain whether he would come.
3. 連詞代詞what, who, which, whose等引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。這些連接代詞作用相當(dāng)于代詞，在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。
What we need is more time.
Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.
Whose book it is not important.
Which school you want to go matters much.
4.連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。這些連接副詞相當(dāng)于副詞，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。
Why he did this is not known.
When he will come is still unknown.
It is not known why he did this.
How he succeeded is unknown to us.
Where we should hold the meeting needs to be discussed.
注意：wh-引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句也常用it作形式主語(yǔ)。
5.也可用whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever等詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，表示“無(wú)論什么”、“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”、“無(wú)論何時(shí)”、“無(wú)論在（到）哪里”等。
Whoever told you to give up smoking was quite right.
Whatever he gave you should be handed in.
Whoever told you that was lying.
Whoever comes is welcome.
專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練：
1.______ makes mistakes must correct them.
A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever
2. It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning grey.
A. while B. that C. if D. for
3.When and why he came here ______ yet.
A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not known
4.______ is no reason for dismissing her.
A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes late
C. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late
5.______Tom liked to eat was different from ______.
A. That…that you had expected B. What …that you had expected
C. That…what you had expected D. What…what you had expected
6.______ we go swimming every day ______ us a lot of good.
A. If...do B. That...do C. If...does D. That...does
7.It ______ Bob drives badly.
A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that
8.It's uncertain ______ the experiment is worth doing.
A. if B. that C. whether D. how
9.______ the boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.
A. That B. What C. How D. Which
10.______ we can't get seems better than ______ we have.
A.What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what
(后設(shè)答案，大家不要偷看(⊙o⊙)哦，(*^__^*) 嘻嘻……)
KEYS
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.A
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