英語語音語調基本知識

　　在現實學習生活中，大家都沒少背知識點吧？知識點是傳遞信息的基本單位，知識點對提高學習導航具有重要的作用。掌握知識點是我們提高成績的關鍵！下面是小編幫大家整理的英語語音語調基本知識，歡迎大家借鑒與參考，希望對大家有所幫助。

　　一、音素

　　英語語音的最小單位是音素。例如/bi:/是由/b/和/i:/兩個音素構成的。音素分兩大類:元音和輔音。它們在音節中各司其職;音節主要以元音為中心，元音前后可有一個或多個輔音。英語有48個音素，其中元音音素20個，輔音音素28個。要掌握好英語語音，就得學會48個音素的正確發音和元音音素的兩種基本語調，即升調和降調。在學習過程中，要特別注意本族語的語音和英語語音不可相互代替。否則，將會給以后的學習造成很大的困難。記錄和描寫音素的符號是音標。

　　二、國際音標

　　學習英語語音，一般采用國際音標。因為英語的拼寫與發音之間有很多不一致的地方，所以被稱為歐洲語言中拼讀最難的語種。概括起來，英語發音的復雜特點有以下幾種情況:

　　(1)一個字母可有多種發音。例如:

　　字母a的讀法有———cat//;face/ei/;father/:/;wa-ter/:/;any/e/等。

　　字母e的讀法有———these/i:/;toilet/i/;american/e/;student//等。

　　字母i的讀法有———license/ai/;which/i/等。

　　字母o的讀法有———photo/u/;today//;wrong//;color//;who/u:/;woman/u/等。

　　字母u的讀法有———duty/ju:/;mum//;ruler/u:/;put/u/等。

　　(2)讀同一元音，寫多種拼法。例如:

　　下列各詞都帶/u/音，但同音部分拼法不相同:owe，so，sew，sow，beau，toe，though，oh。

　　有些詞都帶有/i:/音，但拼法不同:chinese，team，green，people等。

　　有些詞都帶有/ai/音，拼法卻不相同:bye，kite，right，height，behind等。

　　有些詞都帶有/ei/音，拼法也不一樣:eraser，today，gain，they等。

　　(3)兩三個字母組合發一個音。例如:

　　th念//或//:think/i k/，throw/r u/，there//等。

　　sh念//:fish/fi/，wash/w/，dish/di/等。

　　sch念//:schedule/edju:l/，scheelite/i:lait/，schilling/ili/等。

　　oo念/u/或/u:/:too/tu:/，school/sku:l/，soot/sut/等。ea念/i:/或/e/:heat/hi:t/，head/hed/，heaven/hevn/等。

　　ee念/i:/:three/ri:/，meet/mi:t/，green/ri:n/等。igh念/ai/:light/lait/，right/rait/，bright/brait/等。ar念/:/:are/:/，car/k:/，barge/b:d/等。

　　oor/or念/:/:morning/m:ni/，or/:/，floor/fl:/等。

　　ere念/i/:here/hi/，mere/mi/，sere/si/等。

　　er/ir念/:/:hers/h:z/，bird/b:d/，skirt/sk:t/等。oi/oy念/i/:toilet/t ilit/，boy/b i/，toy/t i/等。

　　ear/eir念//:pear/p/，their//，theirs/z/等。ou/ow念/au/:blouse/blauz/，about/baut/，flower/flau/等。

　　ey/ei念/ei/:eight/eit/，they/ei/，eighty/eiti/等。(4)一個字母表示兩個相連的音。例如x念/ks/或/z/:tax/t ks/，excuse/ikskju:z/，example/i z mpl/，ex-change/ikst eid/等。

　　(5)有的字母在特定單詞里不發音。例如:know的k;doubt的b;psychology的p等。

　　國際音標中每一個符號只代表一個音，十分科學，沒有任何重復和漏洞。掌握了國際音標，我們就可以毫不含糊地把每個詞的讀音記下來，對學習發音是一個極大的幫助。

　　三、音的組合

　　任何一個單詞都是由音素的不同組合而成。英語中，同一音節中兩個或兩個以上相鄰的輔音結合在一起，這種結構叫做輔音群(或輔音連綴、輔音叢)。兩個、三個輔音的連綴，在英語中是普遍的。像sixths/siks z/這樣四個輔音的連綴卻比較少。英語單詞里，輔音連綴所出現的位置有一定規律，通常只出現在詞首或詞尾。值得特別注意的是，輔音群中，輔音之間決不能夾有元音;以不發音的元音結尾的詞，朗讀時，輔音后面也不能附加元音。請注意以下幾個方面:

　　英語語音語調

　　I英語語音要點：

　　1.按照音標發好每個詞的音（單詞重音）：

　　2.不可把不完全爆破發成完全爆破：

　　（1）blac(k)board goo(d) time si(t ) down a(c)tor publi（c）duty

　　(2 ) absenteighthpicture a big change help them？

　　3.注意詞的弱讀式：

　　aan and are as because can for from

　　havehas hadof orthat than towas

　　4.注意詞與詞間的連讀：

　　（1）an American writer China is in Asia.

　　（2）far away There are about eight American novels.

　　（3）my only daughterher English teacher

　　5.注意語句重音：

　　（1）n. v.adj.adv. num.. demo. pron.inter.

　　（2）art. Prep. conj. link-v. aux.v. pron.

　　6.注意語調：

　　（1）降調—陳述句、祈使句、感嘆句、特殊問句（肯定、完整的意義）

　　（2）升調—一般疑問句、呼語、問候語、告別語、道歉語（不完整、委婉等）

　　（3）降升調—警告、反駁、安慰、鼓勵、祝愿等

　　II英語語句重音：

　　㈠重讀的詞：

　　1.名詞：An elephant is an animal.

　　2.形容詞：Her skirt is blue and white.

　　3.數詞：John is nine. My second brother is a doctor.

　　4.實義動詞：She sings well.

　　5.副詞：He speaks English slowly and carefully.

　　6.某些代詞：

　　（1）指示代詞：thisthatthesethose

　　（2）反身代詞：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

　　（3）不定代詞：some, every, all, both, none, other, many, few, etc.

　　Everybody was late.

　　We are many; they are few.

　　Some are red; some are blue.

　　（4）疑問代詞：who, whom, whose, what, which, etc.

　　7.嘆詞：Oh, it’s snowing./ Dear me!

　　㈡不重讀的詞：

　　1.冠詞：This is a computer./ The computer is my sister’s.

　　2.沒有語義重音的代詞：

　　（1）人稱代詞：They are my friends.

　　（2）物主代詞：Their parents love them very much.

　　（3）關系代詞：The book that he is reading is mine.

　　Do you remember the girl whom you met in the party?

　　3.非實義動詞：

　　（1）助動詞：The meeting will be cancelled.

　　They do not go to church on Sundays.

　　（2）情態動詞：He may not go to Shanghai tomorrow.

　　I used to go there.

　　(特殊：need, dare, do)

　　4.連詞：

　　（1）并列連詞：I won’t do it, for I don’t think it’s right.

　　（2）比較連詞：Study as your brother does.

　　He works much harder than you.

　　（3）從屬連詞：if, when, while, since, now (that), as if

　　5.介詞：about, above, across, after, against, among, at, before, behind, below, beneath,

　　beside, besides, beyond, but, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, like, near,

　　of, off, on, over, past, round, since, through, to towards, under, until, till, up,

　　with

　　㈢說明：

　　1.不重讀的詞，元音弱化。

　　2.雙音節的介詞、連詞，可重讀：after, before, upon, because

　　3. up, down, in, on,作為副詞，重讀。

　　Go on, please. / Pull the body up from the water. / Let me in. / Put down the book.

　　4.形容詞+名詞：兩個詞都重讀。

　　He is a fine young man. / It’s been like this every day for two years.

　　5.虛詞重讀的情況：

　　（1）強調：I didn’t know you were leaving.

　　Yes, I saw that the key was in the box.

　　（2）句首介詞：On the day of his arrival, his grandpa died.

　　（3）句末的be和助動詞：Where can he be?

　　Do you live here? --- Yes, I do.

　　（4）be和助動詞與not的縮寫式：Speak louder. I can’t hear you. Isn’t it lovely?

　　（5）be和助動詞在句首可重讀，也可不重讀：

　　Is she any better today?

　　Have you finished writing the letter yet?

　　6.有時某些形容詞、副詞、動詞在句中可不重讀：good, little, please, right

　　Good morning.What a pretty little thing!Come in, please.Here he is, right here.

　　III英語語調：

　　㈠降調：

　　— Look.He can’t.We haven’t time. What’s the time?

　　I should like you to come immediately after tea.

　　— I suppose it couldn’t possibly happen again.

　　They managed to catch the last bus into town.

　　She gave him a letter and told him to post it, but not to take long about it.

　　[Eg.]

　　You must take him home.

　　I’ll come as soon as I can.

　　We’ve been trying to get in touch with you all day.

　　How can I help you?

　　How far is it from here to the airport?

　　Who’s coming with me?

　　Where did you say you had put my glasses?

　　They promised to come to see me on their arrival.

　　It’s been a very enjoyable evening for all of us.

　　They had dinner at restaurant, and they went to a show.

　　I went to my brother’s room for the box, but the door was locked, so I couldn’t get it.

　　Stand up.Sit down.Come again tomorrow. A cup of coffee for me！What a pity!

　　How interesting!What lovely weather!How late you are!

　　㈡升調：

　　Doesn’t she? Have you spoken to him? Did anyone remember to lock the front door?

　　That’s right. What is your name? What can I do for you?

　　[Eg.]

　　Yes?Me? Where? Fine?These?Do you know? May I come in?Are you on the phone?Did you enjoy it? Can you manage? Can I help you?

　　Have you heard the latest news? Do you mind if I open the window?

　　That’s all. That’s enough. Keep on trying. If you like. I beg your pardon.

　　Let me know how you get on.I’m Richard, R-I-C-H-A-R-D.

　　One, two, three, four, five altogether. July the seventh, nineteen, ninety seven.

　　I like oranges, bananas, apples and pears.

　　㈢多語調群：

　　1.升—降：

　　（1）狀語/狀語分句+主句：After the game, we had some tea. / When he came, I asked

　　him to tea.

　　（2）選擇問句：Shall we go to the cinema or visit some friends?

　　（3）含有名詞性分句或非限制性關系分句的句子：

　　Everybody says that it is an excellent film.

　　How he got there remains unknown.

　　My brother, whose wife is a doctor, has gone abroad.

　　[Eg.]（1）In spite of the rain, they all came as they promised.

　　Although she was very poor, she was extremely honest.

　　So hard did he work, that he was quite worn out.

　　Without knowing what she was doing, she began to cry.

　　（2）Shall I go there or will you come here?

　　Do you want to go out or stay home?

　　Are we going to get married or live together like this all our lives?

　　（3）The question is how we get in touch with him.

　　Never leave to others what you ought to do yourself.

　　2.降—升：

　　（1）主句+狀語/狀語分句：I’d like to buy a new one, if I could afford it.

　　（2）反義疑問句（對答案無把握）：You live on the campus, don’t you?

　　（3）祈使句+附加問句：Have some tea, will you?

　　[Eg.]（1）We can walk there if there’s time.

　　You’ll be late if you don’t hurry up.

　　We must put up with it, since it can’t be helped.

　　We have very little snow here as a rule.

　　（2）It’s going to snow, isn’t it?

　　We must move to Hong Kong, mustn’t we?

　　There won’t be enough time, will there?

　　She hasn’t finished her composition, has she?

　　（3）Make it next Monday, shall we?

　　Shut the door, will you?

　　Be a good girl, will you?

　　Don’t worry, will you?

　　3.降—降：

　　（1）反義疑問句（對答案有把握）：

　　He’s an honest man, isn’t he?

　　She doesn’t work hard, does she?

　　（2）主句+分句(分句語氣肯定)：

　　I will talk to him about it when he comes.

　　Let’s get started since you’re all here.

　　（3）并列句（意思聯系不太密切）：

　　You’ve worked very well so far, keep it up.

　　Don’t beat about the bush and come to the point.

　　[Eg.]（1）It’s fine day, isn’t it?

　　It’s about the Second World War, isn’t it?

　　Samprass took the first prize, didn’t he?

　　You like coffee, don’t you?

　　（2）There was no one in the room when I got there.

　　I’ll send a car for you if you give me your number.

　　I began to prepare dinner as soon as I got home.

　　She begged me to stay when I insisted going.

　　（3）I don’t want to make a decision at once, I’ll talk it over with John.I can never talk easily with him; we seem to have nothing in commen.None of us is perfect; we all make mistakes.

　　There of the speakers are strongly for; one is strongly against.

　　㈣含插入語句子的語調：

　　1.句首：Of course, he’s a great man.

　　2.句中：This, I think, is the right way to do it.

　　When, do you suppose, you’ll finish the job.

　　3.句末：That’s a difficult problem, to be sure.

　　He may be late, I’m afraid.

　　㈤同位語與其同位成分的語調：

　　1.升—升：Have you seen the film. Gone with the wind?

　　2.降—降：Our university lies in a suburb of Beijing, the capital of China.

　　㈥含稱呼語的語調組合：

　　1.句首：

　　降—降：My brother, don’t be silly.

　　降—升：Mom, isn’t this skirt too short for me?

　　2.句中：

　　升—降：I say, Zona, you do look pale.

　　升—升：Hello, Bill, can’t I help you?

　　3.句末：I’m not cold, father.

　　What’s happened, Susan?

　　Aren’t you going to call me, Mr. Richard?

　　Will you play the piano with me, Jones?

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