進入太空心臟形狀改變托福聽力練習(xí)

　　科學(xué)美國人60秒英文文本

　　This is Scientific American 60 Secomds, Space. I'm Sophie Bushwick, got a minute?

　　When astronauts float weightless in space, their muscles don't need to work as hard as on Earth. Muscles therefore atrophy during a long mission, which can cause trouble when space travelers return home. But what happens to that most vital of muscles, the heart?

　　To find out, 12 astronauts learned how to do ultrasound scans of their hearts. Then they recorded the organ's shape before, during and after a stint on the International Space Station. The scans showed that while in microgravity the astronauts' hearts deformed into more spherical shapes. Back on Earth, they stretched back into their usual elongated forms. The work was presented at the annual scientific session of the American College of Cardiology.

　　心臟.jpg

　　Knowing how weightlessness changes the heart could help mission planners prevent long-term damage to astronauts'cardiovascular systems due to long space voyages. Astronauts on the space station already perform specific exercises to keep their weight-bearing muscles toned. Similarly well-designed workouts might keep hearts both in shape—and in the right shape.

　　Thanks for the minute for Scientific American 60 Secomds, Tech. I'm Sophie Bushwick.

　　科學(xué)美國人60秒中文翻譯：

　　這里是科學(xué)美國人60秒，太空系列。我是蘇菲·布什維克。

　　當航天員漂浮在失重的太空時，他們的肌肉不需要像在地球上一樣辛苦地工作。在一次長時間的太空作業(yè)中，肌肉會不同程度地萎縮，在航空員返回地面時會有不適應(yīng)感。肌肉是如此，那人類身體上最重要的器官心臟會怎么樣呢?

　　為了找到答案，12名宇航員學(xué)會了如何用超聲波檢測心臟。他們對去國際空間站之前，之中以及之后的心臟情況進行了檢查記錄。檢測結(jié)果表明，在微重力情況下，宇航員的心臟變得更圓了。回到地面以后，心臟又恢復(fù)到了以前有些偏長的形狀。這一研究在美國心臟學(xué)會年度科技研討會上得到展示。

　　了解了失重情況下心臟形狀會受到改變這一事實可以幫助太空行程的策劃者更好地預(yù)防由長時間的.太空作業(yè)隊宇航員造成的心腦血管方面的損壞。為了不讓肌肉松弛，太空站上的宇航員已經(jīng)開始一些具體的鍛煉。相似的鍛煉也許也可以讓心臟保持正常的形狀。

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