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過度冷卻器官托福聽力練習

　　中英文翻譯：過度冷卻器官

過度冷卻器官托福聽力練習

　　If you need a new liver, doctors have about twelve hours to transport it from a donor.

　　That ticking clock severely limits the ability of doctors to get organs to patients.

　　Now researchers have demonstrated a method that kept rat livers viable up to four days.

　　The scientists lowered the livers to below freezing temperatures, while flooding the tissue with antifreeze chemicals to prevent the formation of damaging ice crystals.

　　But such cooling alone is not sufficient, due in part to the liver's wide variety of cell types and functions.

　　So the researchers also used machine perfusion:

　　as the livers were cooled they were flushed with solutions that kept them operational.

　　They were perfused again as they were brought back to above-freezing temps.

　　All the rats that were implanted with 3-day-old livers survived for three months.

　　Nearly 60 percent of the rats with four-day-old livers survived.

　　In contrast, no rats that received 3- and 4-day-old livers preserved by currently used methods survived.

　　This work is an early step toward creating a system that could work in humans, which would dramatically improve the chances of getting organs to people who desperately need them.

　　中文翻譯：

　　如果你需要一個新的肝臟，醫生有大約12個小時的時間從捐贈者那里將器官運送過來。

　　時間對于醫生為病人移植器官的能力起到了至關重要的作用。

　　現在研究人員展示的方法可以將鮮活的'老鼠肝臟保存4天。

　　科學家們將肝臟溫度降低到冰點以下，并把防凍劑噴灑在組織上，避免造成破壞性的冰晶形成。

　　但是考慮到肝臟的各細胞類型及功能運作，僅僅這樣的冷卻是不夠的。

　　所以研究人員也使用了機器進行灌注：

　　隨著肝臟被冷卻，他們同步進行保持所有細胞和功能運作的方案。

　　當把肝臟被帶到高于冰點的環境中時，他們會再灌注一次。

　　所有那些被移植已經保存3天肝臟的老鼠都活了3個月。

　　幾乎60%被植入保存的肝臟的老鼠都活了下來。

　　相反，那些被移植了用一般方法保存3天或4天肝臟的老鼠，都沒有幸存。