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高中英語隨堂筆記閱讀
筆記是一種永久性的系統(tǒng)性的記錄，是學習知識過程中把知識點記錄在筆記本上后形成的記錄。以下是小編為大家收集的高中英語隨堂筆記閱讀，歡迎閱讀與收藏。
Lesson 19 English Social Differences 英國社會的差異
A gentleman is, rather than does. He is interested in nothing in a professional way. He is allowed to cultivate hobbies, even eccentricities, but must not practise a vocation. He must know how to ride and shoot and cast a fly. He should have relatives in the army and navy and at least one connection in the diplomatic service. But there are weaknesses in the English gentlemans ability to rule us today. He usually knows nothing of political economy and less about how foreign countries are governed. He does not respect learning and prefers sport .The problem set for society is not the virtues of the type so much as its adequacy for its function, and here grave difficulties arise. He refuses to consider sufficiently the wants of the customer, who must buy, not the thing he desires but the thing the English gentleman wants to sell. He attends anadequately to technological development. Disbelieving in the necessity of large-scale production in the modern world, he is
passionately devoted to excessive secrecy, both in finance and method of production. He has an incurable and widespread nepotism in appointment, discounting ability and relying upon a mystic entity called character, which means, in a gentlemans mouth, the qualities he traditionally possesses himself. His lack of imagination and the narrowness of his social loyal ties have ranged against him one of the fundamental estates of the realm. He is incapable of that imaginative realism
which admits that this is a new world to which he must adjust himself and his institutions, that every privilege he formely took as of right he can now attain only by offering proof that it is directly relevant to social welfare.
New words and expressions 生詞短語
professional n. 職業(yè)的
hobby n. 業(yè)余愛好
cast a fly 垂釣
govern vt. 治理
grave a. 嚴重的
inadequately ad. 不充分地
devoted a. 熱心的
incurable a. 不可救藥的
discount vt. 看輕
entity n. 存在，本質
quality n. 品質
realm n. 王國
privilege n. 特權
cultivate vt. 培養(yǎng)
eccentricity n. 怪癖
diplomatic service 外交部門
adequacy n. 適當
sufficiently ad. 充分地
disbelieve vt. 不相信
excessive a. 過分的
neotism n. 裙帶關系
mystic a. 神秘的
narrowness n. 狹隘
estate n. 社會階層
realism n. 現(xiàn)實主義adjust vt. 使適應
relevant a. 有關的difference n. 差異
詞語辨異
1.professional n. 職業(yè)的 通常略寫為 prof [反]amateur
[辨異]profession, occupation, job
profession “專業(yè)”，強調 highly skilled/highly educated, such as lawyer, doctor, IT engineer,
architect
occupation: normal and general, everybody can have an occupation.
job 不僅指工作，還可以表示干活，例如家務活。
You did a good job.
[注意]technical/vocational school 職業(yè)學校
2.cultivate vt. 培養(yǎng) [同]nurture, develop, foster
cultivate a hobby/habit
He is well cultivated/educated/bred/trained. 他很有教養(yǎng)。
3.hobby n. 業(yè)余愛好
[辨異]mania, hobby, pastime, diversion
mania 顛狂，狂熱，癖好 hobby n. 業(yè)余愛好
pastime 消遣diversion 消遣，指轉移注意力，換換腦筋。
4.eccentricity n. 怪癖 [同]odd
eccentric 古怪的，怪癖的
concentric 同軸的，同心的
[辨異]eccentric, outlandish, grotesqueeccentric 古怪的，怪癖的
outlandish 異國風味的,奇異的,古怪的outlandish clothes 奇裝異服
grotesque 怪誕的，藝術、美術、文學中的怪異派、怪異的作品
5.cast a fly 垂釣[同]go fishing, on the Fishing trip(悠閑垂釣)
cast a net 撒網(wǎng)，為了生存捕魚
6.diplomatic service 外交部門
airline service 航空公司travel service/agency 旅行社
diplomacy 外交 diplomat 外交官
He is a diplomat. 他是一個左右逢源的人。He is a philosopher.
他是一個夸夸其談的人。
7.govern vt. 治理
government/governing body 政府governor 州長
governess 女家教benevolent government 仁政
8.adequacy n. 適當 [同]sufficient [反]inadequate
He often doubts his adequacy as a father.
=He often doubts whether he is adequate as a father.
他常常懷疑他是不是夠格做父親。
[辨異]deficient, sparse, meager
deficient 沒有足夠的，缺乏的
sparse 稀少meager 貧乏的,不充分的,不足的The food is meager for winter.
9.grave a. 嚴重的
[同]solemn, serious, severe have one foot in the grave來日不多了
grave situation 嚴峻的形勢 gravity 地球引力，嚴重
10.disbelieve vt. 不相信
dis- 多做動詞的反義詞disappear 消失disbelieve 不相信
11.devoted a. 熱心的
[同]committed, dedicated
devote v.devote oneself to sthbe devoted to sth
[注意]to 后面一定要用名詞或動名詞
He devoted himself to researches.
He is devoted to researches. 他致力于研究。
She is devoted to her children.她太溺愛孩子了。
這里，devoted 相當于 spoil, pamper
12.excessive a. 過分的
[同]immoderate [反]moderate
Excessive studying bores/tires me.
過多的學習使我厭倦/疲憊不堪。
Excessive smoking harms/does harm to thehealth.
過度吸煙有害健康。
Excessive smoking is dangerous.
extreme 極端的
13.incurable a. 不可救藥的
cure 治療
cure sb 為某人治病
cure sb of 治某人的……病
curable 可治療的
to breathe one’s last 奄奄一息
He is beyond cure/remedy.
他不行了/不可救了。
引申為他不可救藥了。=He is rotten to the
core.
People heat him to death.
人們都恨死他了。
I’m hungry to death.
我都快餓死了。
[注意]不能說成 I starve to death.
14.neotism n. 裙帶關系
It means giving of favors to his
relatives/relations by a person/man in the high
position or promoting the people closest tohim
backdoor “后門”
15.discount vt. 看輕
count 數(shù)
I count on him. 我看重/器重他。
discount 打折 以物做賓語
I discount what he sales.
contempt/belittle/look down on 以人做賓語
16.mystic a. 神秘的,帶有宗教色彩
mysterious 則不帶宗教色彩
occult 神秘的，玄妙的
supernatural 超自然的
metaphysical 形而上學的
garden of Eden 伊甸園
nether world 陰間
heavenly world 天堂
17.narrowness n. 狹隘
He is narrow-minded. 他心胸狹窄。
He is narrow-sighted/shortsighted.他目光短淺。
narrow escape 九死一生
18.quality n. 品質
He is a man of quality. 他是一個高尚的人。
a lady of quality 貴婦
19.estate n. 社會階層，房地產(chǎn)
class, hierarchy, stratification都有階層的意思。
real estate 不動產(chǎn)
personal estate 動產(chǎn)
estate agent 房地產(chǎn)商
20.realm n. 王國(抽象概念)
kingdom 具體概念
mental realm 思想境界
literature realm 文學界
flim/movie realm 電影界
[辨異]estate, domaln, sphere
estate 社會階層
domaln
donaln name 域名
sphere 球，球形，球體，球面，范圍，領域
realism n. 現(xiàn)實主義
realistic 現(xiàn)實主義的性格
realist 現(xiàn)實主義者[反]idealist 理想主義者
21.adjust vt. 使適應
adjust oneself tonew environment
be adjust to
He is well adjustd.
他好相處。
22.privilege n. 特權，英國英語常用
有特權的人，例如
mp(member of parliament)議員
privileged class 特權階層
underprivileged class 弱勢階層
privileged car/cab 專車
23.relevant a. 有關的
be relevant to 和…
24.difference n. 差異
make no difference 沒關系
It makes no difference wheather you come or
not.
make difference 關系重大
different from（英式英語）=different than (美式英語)
Notes on the text 課文注釋
1.A gentleman is, rather than does.紳士不是通過行為做到的。這里的意思是“紳士”是與生俱來的，是骨子里的東西。
2.in a professional way=professional
3.be allowed：紳士這一階層受社會的約束，不是隨便什么都可以做的。
practise:從事
practise law= to be a lawyer
practise Medicine= to be a doctor
vocation: 職業(yè) to offer help and aid, for example, priest, doctor, nurse
He is allowed to cultivate hobbies, even eccentricities, but must not practise a vocation.這句話的意思是：紳士是絕對不能脫離他的階層，不允許 mix with the masses(與大眾為伍),否則就會很庸俗。
4.ride:騎馬
navy:海軍
army:陸軍
5.rule:治國
6.political economy:政治經(jīng)濟學
less about:更不要提=not to mention/not to speak of
I know nothing of maths, not to mention English. 我不懂數(shù)學，就更別提英語了。
7.learning:學術
sport:指前面說的” ride and shoot and cast a fly”
8.The problem set for society is not the virtues of the type so much as its adequacy for its function:
社會要回答的問題并不是這類人物不無美德，而是他們是否勝任其職務。
set for society:做后置定語
virtue:品德
the type= the kind= the class 階層
so much as, not…… but, 前面有否定式，so much as= but
His success is not by talent so much as by energy.
他的成功不是來自天賦而是來自勤奮。
It is not the hours that tell so much as the way we use them.
重要的不是時間而是如何利用它。
It is the man that behind the gun tells.
勝敗在人而不在武器。
adequate:能力
function:功能
9.arise= apper,常搭配副詞 here, there
want：需求
pursue: 追求
10.attend to= be concerned with 關注
attend to 后面只能跟名詞、動名詞
While I am out/away, please attend to my house.
當我不在時，請幫我照看一下家。
11.in finance and method of production:金融和生產(chǎn)方法
12.widespread: 普遍的
discounting ability:輕視才能
character= nature
in a gentleman’s mouth:在紳士的嘴里
the qualities he traditionally possesses himself:他自己傳統(tǒng)上所擁有的品質
13.social loyalties= loyalty to society= social duties 社會職責
be loyal to 對……忠誠
have ranged against him one of the fundamental estates of the realm:已把自己放到這個王國中的基本社會階層的對立面上去。
range: 排列
range against: 作對
incapable of that imaginative realism:無法接受充滿想象力的現(xiàn)實
14.admit= demand 要求
institution= custom 社會習俗
he formerly took as of right:他以前取得作為……的權力
took as= regard as 看待
took as of 是古英語用法，相當于今天的 took as
he is taken as a black sheep.
他被看作是害群之馬。
right:權利
he can now attain only by offering proof that it is directly relevant to social welfare: 只能通過提
供證據(jù)說明此項權力與社會福利直接有關才能得到
15.Lord Curzon, Miceroy of India, Invests the Maharajah of Cochin with the Star of India in
1903:派往印度的總督 Curzon 勛爵授予印度本土國王 Cochin“印度之星”。
invest in:投資
invest with:授予
Lord:爵士，勛爵
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