考研英語寫作的語法結(jié)構(gòu)
單詞語法是英語學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)，要寫好作文，大家就必須要對單詞的掌握足夠熟練。小編為大家精心準(zhǔn)備了考研英語寫作語法結(jié)構(gòu)的資料，歡迎大家前來閱讀。
考研英語寫作高分熟練掌握8大語法結(jié)構(gòu)
▶1. 主動句變被動句
“英文多被動，漢語多主動”，還需要警惕名詞與動詞之間暗含的“主被動”關(guān)系。
Eg1: It is said that …據(jù)說/相傳
Eg2：I suggest that … It is suggested that …
Eg3：Effective measures should be taken before things get worse.表建議
Eg4: your prompt attention to my enquiry would be highly appreciated. 表感激
Eg5：Students should study hard.
Students are expected / well-advised to study hard.
▶2. 簡單句變從句
名詞性從句，含主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句四種;定語從句;狀語從句
A. 主語從句：
Eg1：What worries many parents is that Internet or computer games may impact kids’ study.
Eg2：It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it為形式主語;that從句為真正主語)
B.賓語從句：
Eg1：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.
Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.
Eg3：明智的人不為別人的想法所影響。The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.
C. 表語從句：
Eg1：That is why China is called the “Kingdom of Bicycles”.
Eg3：In team games, practice is what improves our sense of cooperation.
D. 同位語從句
Eg1：(Martin Luther King) I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (該句中a dream = that 從句，)
Eg2：Others hold the different idea that online shopping brings us some problems.
E. 含同位語句式
A.人 身份
Eg. I am convinced that …
As a college student, I am convinced that …
I, as a college student, am convinced that …
B. 物 性質(zhì)
Eg. A strong will brings us power …
As a vital quality, a strong will brings us power…
A strong will, as a vital quality, brings us power…
插入語
Eg1：As I see, the causes of this phenomenon are diverse.
The causes of this phenomenon, as I see, are diverse.
Eg2：All of a sudden, the silence of the lake was broken by a scream.
The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken by a scream.
Eg3：Even so, others hold a different view.
Others, even so, hold a different view.
Eg4：Like anything else, automobiles have more than one side. (汽車跟很多其他事物一樣，具有兩面性)
Automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side.
F. 定語從句：
步驟：1)先寫出正確簡單句，確定被修飾成分(中心名詞)
2)在中心名詞后加入定從，關(guān)系詞who, whose, whom, where, which, when
Eg1：Taobao is a particularly popular website. ? Taobao is a particularly popular website, where/in which customers can purchase various goods.
Eg2：I will advice my foreign friend to visit Great Wall, where he or she can acquire knowledge of Chinese history.?
▶3. it 句式
A. 形式主語 it is +被動/形容詞/名詞+that從句/to do …
Eg1：It is suggested/ well-advised / supposed / proposed that sb. should (not) do …
Eg2：It is essential / necessary / advisable / convenient/ difficult/ hard/ comfortable for sb. (not) to do
Eg3：It is essential / necessary that sb. should (not) do …
Eg4：It is useless/useful doing sth.
B. 形式賓語
Eg1：An increasing number of students find it difficult to spell common words correctly.
Eg2：An increasing number of parents find it hard to have opportunities to chat with kids, who spend too much time on computers.
Eg3：A host of youngsters find it rather boring and hard to understand literature.
▶4. 強調(diào)句
A. 強調(diào)謂語：
Eg1：I love you. /I do love you. / I did love you.
Eg2：Cell phone/ Internet/ computer brings us convenience.
Cell phone/ Internet/ computer does bring us convenience.
B. 強調(diào)句式：It is/was +被強調(diào)成分+that/who+句子其他成分。
【步驟】
a. 先寫出正確的簡單句、并列句或復(fù)合句，明確單句的各個成分。
b. 在被強調(diào)成分(除謂語和補語外)兩邊添加it is/was 和that/who， 其他成分不變，必要時調(diào)整順序。
【強調(diào)句式特征】去掉it is/was…that/who結(jié)構(gòu)，整個句子無冗余或成分殘缺。
Eg1：My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is my mother who/that always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is when I have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart.
Eg2：Parents’ protection does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
(強調(diào)句式否定形式)It is parents’ protection that does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
Eg3：The Internet does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
It is the Internet that does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
▶5. 倒裝
A. 表否定的副詞、短語或狀語位于主語之前或句首，主句半倒裝(一般疑問句語序);如never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, on no account, by mo means, in no case,
Eg1：I will never agree. Never will I agree.
B. Only +狀語位于句首，主句半倒裝。
Eg1：When my beloved is beside myself, I can feel the true happiness.
Only when my beloved is beside myself, can I feel the true happiness.
Eg2：When his computer crashes, he will come down-stairs for something to eat.
Only when his computer crashes, will he come down-stairs for something to eat.
Eg3：By doing small things, teenagers can accumulate ability and experience for something big.
Only doing small thing, can teenagers accumulate ability and experience for something big.
C.As/though倒裝形式
Eg1：Although she is a girl, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Girl as she is, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Eg2：Though it is convenient, online shopping leads to some problems.
Convenient as/though it is, online shopping leads to some problems.
Eg3：Although it is simple, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
Simple as it is, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
▶6.雙重否定：
Eg1：no ____ is / are more _____ than ________.
In contemporary society, no means of communication is more popular and common than cell phones.
Eg2：A strong will is very important.
The importance of a strong will cannot be too emphasized.
Eg3：Education helps people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
Without education, it is impossible for people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
▶7. Ving/ved 狀語
A. 兩個動作同時發(fā)生且主語一致，將次要動作寫成v-ing或v-ed形式做狀語，即動作與邏輯主語之間為主動關(guān)系時寫成v-ing形式、為被動關(guān)系是寫成V-ed形式。
Eg1：I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcase.
I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase.
Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase.
Eg2：When they are compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Bicycles, compared with cars, are superior in several ways.
B.兩個動作主語一致，但前后發(fā)生，則可將先發(fā)生的動作寫成Having +ved形式。
Eg1：He had lived in this city for years. He had no difficulty finding the way home.
Having lived in this city for years, he had no difficulty finding the way home.
▶8. 排比結(jié)構(gòu)
Eg1：Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. (Bacon)
Eg2：We shall fight on the hills. We shall fight in the streets. We shall fight blood and sweet and tears. (Churchill)
Eg3：作為一種重要素質(zhì)，自信帶給我們力量、喚起我們對生活的熱愛、幫助我們戰(zhàn)勝困難。
As a vital quality, confidence brings us power, arouses our enthusiasm for life, and helps us to conquer difficulties.
考研英語中應(yīng)用文寫作，通過模板句型，經(jīng)典的例句完全可以得到比較理想的分?jǐn)?shù)，因為“言簡意賅”就是它的特點。而大作文對于語言表達上的要求要高幾個level，只是模式化的文字已經(jīng)不足以打動考官，需要在原有的結(jié)構(gòu)上進一步創(chuàng)新，讓考官看的跌宕起伏，還是昏昏欲睡才是高低分的關(guān)鍵所在。
考研英語如何有效提高詞匯量
一、背誦單詞與閱讀相結(jié)合
孤立地按照單詞表背單詞的優(yōu)點在于記憶速度很快，而缺點在于記憶不牢固，常常出現(xiàn)"背了后面忘前面"的情況。如果能夠結(jié)合實際語境進行理解、記憶則可以更加有效地記憶詞匯。因為單詞只有放在語境下，放在閱讀中，它才是活的，記憶的速度也會大為提高，不僅如此，通過讀文章記憶單詞的過程中還可以進一步熟悉各種英語語法現(xiàn)象、短語，培養(yǎng)良好的語感等。通過語境背單詞，可以高效地掌握其固定搭配等，從而增加形近詞辨析、近義詞辨析、熟詞辨析、單詞喻義、引申義等的理解能力。
二、背誦單詞與寫作相結(jié)合
寫作是練筆的最好機會，也是詞匯從大腦中傾瀉到筆端的最好方法。考生在記憶詞匯時，要定期練習(xí)作文話題及句型的寫作表達，以便把那段時間學(xué)會的單詞，短語等運用到作文的訓(xùn)練中。這樣詞匯的記憶會更牢固，掌握起來更容易，同時也提高了寫作的語言表達基本功。
三、背誦單詞與循環(huán)復(fù)習(xí)相結(jié)合
記憶英語詞匯，復(fù)習(xí)、背誦是必要步驟。復(fù)習(xí)是為了查漏補缺，是為了更好地鞏固以前所學(xué)過的知識，考研英語中有5500左右詞匯需要掌握，除了按部就班地每日背誦外，還需要及時回過頭鞏固復(fù)習(xí)，而循環(huán)記憶的規(guī)律可按照艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線圖的規(guī)律進行：當(dāng)天復(fù)習(xí)，三天進行小循環(huán)，一周進行大循環(huán)，從而做到定時復(fù)習(xí)，定時檢查，只有如此，詞匯才會牢牢記住。
四、挖掘高頻高難詞匯，重點強化記憶
考研英語詞匯背誦中，高頻率詞匯和高難度詞匯都要重點記憶。掌握了高頻高難詞匯，考生詞匯記憶中可以省去很多事。考生尤其必須掌握高頻詞匯的拼寫、基本用法和意思;考生要通過精讀歷年真題來學(xué)習(xí)高頻詞匯，這樣的詞匯需要反復(fù)復(fù)習(xí)，反復(fù)鞏固，才能突破，所以考生們在每天的復(fù)習(xí)中，要隨時將較難記憶的單詞做好標(biāo)識，重點記憶。并且盡量增加使用這些詞匯的機會。
五、按照難度分類記憶
幾乎所有的.詞匯書都是按照字母順序排列單詞的。這樣的排列方式忽略了一個最大的問題：記憶的相互干擾。比如，當(dāng)你記憶A之后再記憶B，B就會對A形成記憶干擾，而再記憶C的時候就會對A和B同時形成干擾，這就是為什么很多同學(xué)都遇到了"背了后面忘前面"的情況。當(dāng)然，這種干擾不可避免，但我們可以盡量減少干擾的程度。記憶干擾程度的大小取決于你記憶B和C的難度。難度越大，干擾越大。當(dāng)你費了九牛二虎之力背下了一個難度等級很高的詞匯的時候，你前面背的很多詞匯也差不多忘了一半。所以，同學(xué)們在背詞匯的時候要注意首先把詞匯按照難度分級，先選擇容易的記憶，把難背的詞匯放在以后背。這樣可以大大提高詞匯的記憶效果。
考研大綱發(fā)布中后期復(fù)習(xí)注意四點
復(fù)習(xí)重點要明確
在考研大綱公布之后，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)其實大部分的內(nèi)容還是沒有變化，但是對于有些模塊的新增考點同學(xué)們還是要重視的。一般來說，新增考點會有一些直接進入真題的命題范圍。因此建議同學(xué)們在復(fù)習(xí)之前先進行分類整理，并在分類整理的基礎(chǔ)上可以進一步明確重點，并且把復(fù)習(xí)的重點在復(fù)習(xí)資料上標(biāo)注出來。并且最終也一定要落實到具體的看書和練習(xí)中去，用練習(xí)檢測自己對大綱的掌握程度。
英語閱讀是關(guān)鍵
在考研英語中，最重要的莫過于閱讀理解了。它是決定考生命運的一個科目。英語大綱要求考生：能夠讀懂各類書籍和報刊的不同類型的文字材料(生詞量不超過3%)，還能讀懂與本人學(xué)習(xí)或工作有關(guān)的文獻、技術(shù)說明和產(chǎn)品介紹等。小編在這建議大家要仔細分析真題，并掌握各類型閱讀的做題方法和出題規(guī)律，真正吃透真題中的知識點，才能提升理解能力。
政治注意新增考點
大家在政治的復(fù)習(xí)中要注意新增的考點和刪除的考點。那些刪除的考點我們在日后的復(fù)習(xí)中已經(jīng)可以不用去復(fù)習(xí)了，而新增的考點是我們接下來復(fù)習(xí)的重點，除了明顯的新增考點和剔除考點以外，還要注意修訂的知識點。除此之外，大家的復(fù)習(xí)不要忘了重中之重，也就是時事政治。時刻注意發(fā)生的一些大事件，并學(xué)會用政治所學(xué)的內(nèi)容去解析它。
調(diào)整心態(tài)很重要
其實總的來說，這次的大綱并沒有發(fā)生什么實質(zhì)性的變化。所以各位同學(xué)可以放心的去復(fù)習(xí)了。今天距離研究生考試還有四個月左右的時間，我們首先就要頂住自己的復(fù)習(xí)壓力，讓自己時刻保持在一個良好的狀態(tài)下。不要被自己的壞情緒拖了后腿。
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