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2017自學考試《現(xiàn)代語言學》備考練習題及答案
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I. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×5=15%)
1.duality
2. root
3. reference
4. hyponymy
5. perlocutionary act
Ⅱ. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×15=30%)
( )1. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people
actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior,
it is said to be ___________.
A、 prescriptive B、 sociolinguistic
C、 descriptive D、 psycholinguistic
( )2. In English, “pill” and “bill” are ___________.
A. a phonemic contrast B. complementary distribution
C. assimilation D a minimal pair
( )3. Of the three branches of phonetics, the longest established, and until recently the most highly developed, is___________phonetics.
A. auditory B. acoustic
C. articulatory D. none of the above three
( )4. What the element ‘-es’ indicates is third person singular, present tense, the element ‘-ed’ past tense, and ‘-ing’ progressive aspect. Since they are the smallest unit of language and meaningful, they are also___________.
A. phonemes B. morphemes
C. allophones D. phones
( )5 .In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of ___________.
A. palatal B. alveolar
C. bilabial D. dental
( )6.The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is ___________.
A. arbitrary B.non-arbitrary
C. logical D.non-productive
( )7.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___________
A.gradable antonyms B.converse antonyms
C.co-hyponyms D.synonyms
( )8.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?”is ___________
A.informative B.phatic C.directive D.performative
( )9.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as___________.
A.+animate,+male,+human, +adult B.+animate,+male,+human,-adult
C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult
( )10.The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day, eight days a week."obviously violates the maxim of ___________.
A.quality B.quantity C.relation D.manner
( )11. The sentence “The baby smiled.” is a___________.
A. two-place predication B. three-place predication
C. no-place predication D. one-place predication
( )12. “John killed Bill but Bill didn’t die” is a (n) ___________.
A. entailment B. presupposition
C. anomaly D. contradiction
( )13. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _________ is considered.
A. reference B. speech act
C. context D. practical usage
( )14. A sentence is a _________ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation.
A. pragmatic B. grammatical
C. mental D. conceptual
( )15. The sentence structure is _________.
A. only linear B. only hierarchical
C. complex D. both linear and hierarchical
Ⅲ. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%×10=20%)
( )1. In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given
more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.
( )2. The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. This
indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components.
( )3. Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated
and the hearer knows that it is being violated, do conversational implicatures arise.
( )4. All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.
( )5.The word “photographically” is made up of 5morphemes.
( )6. A general difference between phonetics and phonology is that
phonetics is focused on the production of speech sounds while phonology is
more concerned with how speech sounds distinguish meaning.
( )7. The relationship between the embedded clause and its matrix clause is one of a part to the whole.
( )8.“The student” in the sentence “The student liked the linguistic lecture”, and “The linguistic lecture” in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student.” belong to the same syntactic category.
( )9. “It is raining hard” is a one-place predication sentence.
( )10. Componential analysis is based on the belief that the meaning of a word cannot be dissected into meaning components, called semantic feature.
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions. (35%)
1. Give the description of the following sound segments in English. (5%)
[k]
[z]
[w]
[u:]
[i]
2. What are the major distinctions between langue and parole? (5%)
3. According to the ways antonyms differ, how many groups can we classify antonyms into? Illustrate them with examples. (5%)
4. Paraphrase the sentence “The boy saw the man with the telescope.” by drawing the constituent structure trees for each possible interpretation. (10%)
5. What are the four maxims of the CP? Comment on the following conversation in terms of Grice’s Cooperative Principle:
A: Where’ve you been?
B: Out.
參考答案
I. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×5=15%)
1. Duality : The duality nature of language means that language is a system, which consists of two sets of structure, or two levels, one of sounds and the other of meanings. At the lower or the basic level, there is the structure of sounds, which are meaningless, discrete, individual sounds. But the sounds of language can be combined according to rules into units of meaning such as morphemes and words
2. root: A root is the base form of a word that cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity. That is to say, it is that port of the word when all the affixes are removed.
3. reference: Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.
4. hyponymy: Hyponymy refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word.
5. perlocutionary act: A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance; it is the act performed by saying something.
Ⅱ. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×15=30%)
1-5 CDCBB 6-10 ABBAA 11-15 DDCBD
Ⅲ. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%×10=20%)
1-5 FFTTF 6-10 TTTFF
Ⅳ. Answer the following questions. (35%)
1. Give the description of the following sound segments in English. (5%)
[k]: voiceless, stop, velar
[z]: voiced, alveolar, fricative
[w]: bilabial, approximant
[u:]: back, lax, rounded, high
[i]: front, tense, unrounded, high
2. What are the major distinctions between langue and parole? (5%)
Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use. Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to follow while parole is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules. Langue is abstract; it is not the language people actually use, but parole is concrete; it refers to the naturally occurring language events. Langue is relatively stable. it does not change frequently; while parole varies from person to person, and from situation to situation.
3. According to the ways antonyms differ, how many groups can we classify antonyms into? Illustrate them with examples. (5%)
Gradable antonymy Complementary antonymy Converse antonymy
4. Paraphrase the sentence “The boy saw the man with the telescope.” by drawing the constituent structure trees for each possible interpretation. (10%) omitted
5. What are the four maxims of the CP? Comment on the following conversation in terms of Grice’s Cooperative Principle: (10%)A: Where’ve you been?
B: Out. Quality maxims Quantity maxims Manner maxims Relation maxims
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