2014自考英語翻譯技巧：句子結構的轉換

　　在英譯漢時有時需要將整個句子的結構轉換。例如，把英語的簡單句譯成漢語的復合句，把一種從句譯成另一種從句，把并列句譯成復合句等，這主要是為了使譯文通順自然，符合漢語的習慣。

　　轉譯成主從復合句

　　1.簡單句轉譯成復合句

　　a. At the slightest improvement in my work they woiuld show warm approval.我工作梢有改進，他們就熱情肯定。

　　b. His wish is to become a doctor born of a desire to help sick people. 他之所以想當醫生是因為他想幫助病人。

　　c. With the boy leading ， the two started towards the village. 孩子在前面帶路，兩人朝村里走去。

　　d. Now we have shown their srory to be false. 現在我們已經證明他們的這套話是虛假的。

　　e. I have read of people living sevral weeks on nothing but a gladss of warter a day.我曾經從書報上看到過有人一連幾個星期只靠一杯水維持生命。

　　F. He differed from his workmates in spending his spare time reading. 他跟他的伙伴們不同，他把業余時間用在讀書上了。

　　并列句轉譯成復合句：有時，英語的幾個小分句譯成漢語后就變成了一個主從復和句，例如：

　　a. Choosing the right career is very important. Most of us spend a great part of our lives at our jobs. For that reason we should try to find out what our talents are and how we can use them. (選則適合自己的工作是很重要的，因為工作占據了我們一生中的大部分時間，所以，我們應盡可能認識一下自己的天賦在什么地方以及怎么樣發揮等。)

　　分詞短語還原譯成復合句：b. People exposed to bright red show an increase in heartbeat，and blood pressure; red is exciting. (如果將人暴露給紅顏色，他們就會顯露出心跳加快、血壓增高等;紅顏色讓人興奮。)

　　c. Those living in countries with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative and less vivacious than inhabitants of countries where the climate is more equable(穩定的)。

　　(一些人如果生活在有漫長、灰暗冬天的農村比起氣候穩定地區的人來說較容易沉默寡言，也不活潑。)

　　短語轉譯成主從復合句a. He always tries his utmost to extend help to others whenever necessary.(不管什么時候，只要有可能，他都會幫助別人。)

　　b. If pressed further ， they would become angry. (如果追問急了，他們會很生氣的。)

　　c. Although he didn ‘t like his job， Bill didn’t want to disappoint his wife by giving up his well-paid new position. (盡管不喜歡他的工作，可他不想放棄，因為那樣會讓他的妻子很失望。)

　　d. Something fell in， for I heard a splash.有東西掉進去了，因為我聽到撲通一聲。

　　e. This machine is simple in design ， yet it is efficient in operation.雖然這臺機器結構簡單，但功效很高。

　　2.復合句轉譯成簡單句

　　While I sympathize， I can‘t really do very much to help.我真是愛莫能助。

　　This is what the molecular frmula means.這就是此分子式的含義。

　　There ‘s something (that)you don ’t know. 這些事你不知道。

　　I must get down to work tonight ， as I ‘ve got exams next week. 今晚我得開始認真復習功課，下星期要考試了。

　　This cause the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together.這樣就蓋起了許許多多聚居的高樓大廈。

　　When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people， we are not merely being polite.(我們贊美中國領導人和中國人民不僅僅是出于禮貌。)

　　3.轉譯成并列句

　　主從復合句轉譯成并列句:

　　a. It couldn‘t have happened except that it did.按理說，那是不會發生的，但卻發生了。

　　Besides that the teacher explained the theory ， he gave the students a lot of examples.教師不僅講解了理論，而且還給學生舉了許多例子。

　　b. While wheels have brought better and more convenient transportation， they have also brought new and unforeseen problems. (輪子帶來了更便利的交通手段，可也帶來了新的、原來沒有過的問題。)

　　獨立結構譯成并列句：

　　a. With the job finished， they went to the seaside for a holiday.(工作做完以后，他們就到海邊度假去了。)

　　b. With all his savings gone， he started to look for a job.(積蓄都用完以后，他就開始去找工作。)

　　簡單句轉譯成并列句：He was terribly frightened. He had no gun in the shop. His only weapon was the pair of scissors he used for cutting cloth.(他一下子給嚇懵了，店里有沒有武器，唯一有的就是剪布用的一把剪刀。)

　　3.副詞譯成介詞短語：And although you may not like it， if she chooses your doorway as her place to sleep in the night， it is morally hard to turn her away as it is a lost dog.(不管你喜不喜歡，如果她把你家的門廊作為她晚間棲息的場所，從道義上講，你很難將她趕走，這就象很難趕走一個喪家犬一樣。)

　　4.不同種類從句的相互轉換

　　Electonic computers ， which have many advantgages， cannot carry out creative work and replace man.雖然電子計算機有很多優點，但它們不能進行創造性工作，因此代替不了人。(定語譯成狀語)

　　Gases are different from solic in that the former have greater comprssibililty than the latter. 氣體不同與固體，因為氣體比固體有更大的壓縮性(定語從句譯為狀語從句)

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