職稱英語衛生閱讀判斷精選題
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Ebola Outbreak
1.You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are batting an Ebola Outbreak. Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contacted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals. It is now believed that bats are the primary carriers of the virus.
2.To date, there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak:
Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. However, other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders.
3.Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries, your risk of contacting the virus is virtually zero. Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person. Specifically, Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable.
4.The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contacting the virus. Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat.
5.Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body.
This causes an overstimulation of the body's inflammatory response, causing the flu-like symptoms. The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body's normal clotting mechanism(凝血機制), making bleeding even more severe. Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion (器官灌注) ultimately lead to organ failure and death.
6.The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years. While diseases such as the malaria (瘧疾) are far more communicable, Ebola is one of the world's most fatal viral infections. Ebola's fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.
23. Paragraph 2__________
24. Paragraph 3__________
25. Paragraph 4__________
26. Paragraph 5__________
A. Am I at risk of contacting the virus?
B. Is the current outbreak the deadlines?
C. How do I know if I have contacted the virus?
D. What areas are currently affected?
E. What exactly does Ebola do to the body?
F. What caused the Ebola outbreak?
27. The initial Ebola outbreak was found in __________
28. The difference between SARS and Ebola viruses lies in __________
29. The symptoms of the patients after being infected may first appear__________
30. The Ebola virus transmits by contact with__________
A. infected body fluids
B. against the outbreak severity
C. the mode of transmission
D. the initial days of being infected
E. three countries in West Africa
F. within a wide range of days
答案與解析
23.D。題干：第二段的主要內容是 __________。從第二段的首尾句來看，第一句講的是三個主要發生埃博拉疫情的國家，尾句說的是其他發生埃博拉病例的國家，故D(哪些地區目前受到疫情影響)是正確答案。
【備考助手】段落大意一般是段落的首句和尾句，很少的時候是在中問的句子，特別是中間的句子帶有“yet，but，however”等轉折關系的時候。如果段落之中沒有明顯的主題句，則需要根據大意或者高頻詞匯進行判斷。
24.A。題干：第三段的主要內容是 __________。第三段首句是主題句，如果你沒有去過三個疫情感染的國家，那么你感染埃博拉病毒的風險為零，即討論的是埃博拉病毒的感染，故A(我有沒有感染埃博拉病毒的風險?)是正確答案。
25.C。題干：第四段的主要內容是 __________。第四段的主題句是首句，埃博拉病毒的癥狀不是很具體，病人一般在病毒感染一周之后才會出現典型的癥狀，所以該段主要談論埃博拉病毒的癥狀。因而D(我如何知道自己是感染了埃博拉病毒?)是正確答案。
26.E。題干：第五段的主要內容是 __________。第五段的主題句是首句，埃博拉病毒具有破壞性是因為它會在人體的任何器官內進行攻擊和復制，故E(埃博拉病毒對身體到底有何影響?)是正確答案。
27.E。題干：最早埃博拉病毒爆發是在發現的。利用出題順序與段落順序一致的原則，利用題干關鍵詞The initial Ebola outbreak可以定位到第二段的首句，即到目前為止，只有西非的三個國家正在經歷埃博拉病毒的大爆發，所以答案為E(西非的三個國家)
28.C。題干：SARS和埃博拉病毒的不同之處在于 __________。利用題干關鍵詞difference，SARS和Ebola可以定位到第三段第二旬，可知與其他在空氣中傳播的病毒如SAR不同，埃博拉病毒只能通過直接與感染人群接觸來傳播，故選C(傳播方式)。
29.F。題干：病人感染埃博拉病毒的癥狀最初出現 __________。利用題干關鍵詞symptoms和first appear可以定位到第四段的前兩句，可知埃博拉病毒的癥狀不具體，通常在感染一周之后才有明顯癥狀，癥狀最早出現在感染兩天后，最晚是在感染三周之后，所答案為E(在好多天的范圍之內)。
30.A。題干：埃博拉病毒通過與 __________的接觸進行傳播。利用題干關鍵詞Ebola virus，transmits和contact可以定位到第三段的第二句和第三句，可知與其他在空氣中傳播的病毒如SAR不同，埃博拉病毒只能通過直接與感染人群接觸而傳播，具體來說，埃博拉通過與體液的接觸進行傳播。因此該題答案選A(受感染的體液)。
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