職稱英語真題《衛生C》閱讀判斷精選題

　　2017年職稱英語考試復習已經開始，為了讓大家了解職稱英語考試難易程度，下面是yjbys網小編提供給大家關于職稱英語真題《衛生C》閱讀判斷精選題，希望對大家的備考有所幫助。

　　職稱英語真題《衛生C》閱讀判斷題 1

　　Baseline Exam Is Key to Eye Health

　　Even people with no signs or risk factors for eye disease can suffer vision loss and need to get baseline eye exams at age 40, says the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO). The reminder is part of the academys EyeSmart campaign to mark Save Your Vision Month in February.

　　"Many eye diseases progress without any waming sings," Dr. Stephanie Marioneaux, a clinical correspondent for the AAO, said in a prepared statement. "Gradual changes in vision can affect your ability to function independently and have confidence in your abilities. One of the hardest adjustments a person can make is adapting to life with permanent vision loss. That is why nothing replaces a comprehensive baseline eye exam."

　　Based on the findings from the initial screening, an ophthalmologist will create a schedule forfollow-up eye exams.

　　People of any age who have symptoms of eye disease or at high risk due to family history,diabetes or high blood pressure should consult with their ophthalmologist to determine how often they should have their eyes checked, the AAO recommends.

　　By 2020,43 million Americans will be at significant risk for vision loss or blindness due to age-related eye diseases such as cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma and macular degeneration.

　　Thats a more than 50 percent increase over the current number of Americans with such vision-threatening diseases.

　　But many Americans are unconcemed about the risk of vision loss. Only 23 percent of Americans are very concemed about losing their vision, while most feel weight gain or joint or back pain are greater worries than vision loss, according to an AAO survey conducted for its EyeSmart campaign.

　　16. Everyone need to get baseline eye exams at age 40, according to the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　17. In Dr. Stephanie Marioneauxs opinion, eye diseases progress by warning signs.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　18. Gradual changes in vision can affect ones thought.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　19. A schedule for follow-up eye exams will be created by the findings from the initial screening.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　20. Only the old men with diabetes or high blood pressure should consult with eye doctor.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　21. Cataracts and glaucoma are related to age.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　22. Most Americans are concerned about the risk of vision loss more than weight gain.

　　A. Right

　　B. Wrong

　　C. Not mentioned

　　答案與解析

　　16.A。題干：根據美國眼科學會的說法。每個人都需要在40歲時進行基線眼睛檢查，利用題干關鍵詞40和American Academy of Ophthalmology可以定位到文章第一段，由此可知根據美國眼科學會的說法，即便是沒有任何癥狀和風險因素的人也可能會遭遇失明，因而需要在40歲時進行基線眼睛的檢查。題干所述與原文信息一致，故該題答案為A。

　　17.B。題干：根據Stephanie Marioneaux的觀點，眼睛疾病的發生都會有警告癥狀。利用題干關鍵詞Dr.Stephanie Marioneaux和warning sign可以定位到文章第二段第一句，意為“許多眼睛疾病的發生都沒有警告癥狀”，所以題干所述與原文信息不一致，故該題答案為B。

　　18.C。題干：視覺的逐漸變化會影響一個人的.思維。利用題干關鍵詞Gradual changes和affect thought可以定位到文章第二段第二句，意為“視覺的逐漸變化會影響你機體功能的獨立發揮以及會影響你對自己能力的信息”，但是并未提及對思維的影響，故該題答案為C。

　　19.A。題干：后續眼睛檢查的安排要根據最初檢測的結果進行安排。利用題干關鍵詞follow-up eye exams和initial screenin9可以定位到第三段，可知基于前期檢查的結果，眼科專家會為后續的檢查制定安排。由此可知題干所述與原文信息一致，故該題答案為A。

　　20.B。題干：只有糖尿病和高血壓的老人應該咨詢眼科醫師。利用題干關鍵詞diabetes和high blood pressure可以定位到第四段，可知任何年齡段的有眼疾癥狀的人或者因為家族史、糖尿病或高血壓而處于風險之中的人都應咨詢眼科專家來決定他們進行眼部檢查的頻率，所以題干所述與原文信息不一致，故該題答案為B。

　　21.A。題干：白內障和青光眼與年齡有關。利用題干關鍵詞Cataracts和glaucoma可以定位到最五段第一句，意為“到2020年，約4300萬美國人將會有失明和變成盲人的風險，因為那些與年紀有關的眼疾，諸如白內障、青光眼等”。由此可知題干所述與原文信息一致，所以該題答案為A。

　　22.B。題干：多數美國人對失明風險的關注多于對體重增加的關注。利用題干關鍵詞risk of vision loss和題目順序可以定位到最后一段的第一句，可知多數的美國人并不關注失明的風險，所以題干所述與原文信息不一致，故該題答案為B。

　　職稱英語真題《衛生C》閱讀判斷題 2

　　One of the main weapons to prevent mother-to-child transmission of the AIDS virus during birth is the drug nevirapine3. But when nevirapine is used alone just once, HIV4 starts becoming resistant to it. Research in Botswana shows that the resistance is not long lasting and that this affordable drug does not have to be abandoned forever by infected mothers who have already taken it.

　　International medical guidelines call for5 pregnant women with advanced HIV to get a combination of AIDS drugs including nevirapine to prevent passing their infection on to their newborns during delivery. But in poor countries, combinations have been expensive and nevirapine has often been Used al. one, since studies have shown that a single dose can cut the transmission rate in half.

　　The problem is that HIV resistance builds against it quickly when used alone just once because other drugs are not present to kill the virus particles that survive nevirapine. This renders the drug less effective in later combinations for treating women after their baby is born. But the new study from Botswana shows that nevirapine can make a comeback for these women if they wait until the resistance subsides.

　　“The further out you get from that exposure to single dose nevirapine, the less detectable nevirapine resistance is6,” said Shahin Lockman of the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston7. She says waiting period for women who get the single dose of nevirapine at delivery can be as short as six months. “If they started nevirapine-based treatment six or more months after nevirapine exposure, their treatment response8 was just as good, and really quite high, compared to women who did not have the single dose of nevirapine,” she added. “However, the women who started nevirapine-based treatment within six months of that nevirapine exposure were much more likely to experience treatment failure.”

　　The study published in the New England Journal oJ Medicine9 shows that waiting at least six months means that HIV-positive women are 70 percent more likely to benefit from nevirapine-based drug combinations again than women who get them sooner. An official with the U.S. government health agency that helped fund the study calls it very important.

　　I.ynne Mofenson is chief of research on child, adolescent, and maternal AIDS at the U. S. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development10. She says the finding supports a World Health Organization (WHO)H recommendation restricting a single dose of nevirapine only to pregnant HIV-infected women who are healthy enough to wait six months after childbirth for more nevirapine-based therapy. Otherwise, they should get other drugs during labor. “It shows the importance of screening women for treatment while they are pregnant and putting them on appropriate therapy while they are pregnant to avoid having to start them too soon after they received preventive therapy,” she explained.

　　Shahin Lockman in Boston says the problem of nevirapine resistance should diminish now that12 more and more people are receiving combinations of AIDS drugs under expanded U. S. and international programs to deliver them to Africa and other regions hard hit by the virus.

　　練習：

　　1. What effect does nevirapine have?

　　A. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and kills all kinds of bacteria.

　　B. It is an antiviral preparation and kills all kinds of viruses.

　　C. It prevents the transmission of the AIDS virus and protects one from heart attack.

　　D. It may prevent passing HIV infection from mothers on to their newborns during delivery.

　　2. Why does HIV resistance against nevirapine build very quickly even when the drug is used alone just once?

　　A. Because the drug is not strong enough to kill all of the HIV in the body.

　　B. Because there may not be a susceptibility test before using the drug.

　　C. Because other drugs are not present to kill the virus particles that survive nevirapine.

　　D. Because there are too many mutations of HIV for nevirapine to deal with.

　　3. When may a woman start her nevirapine-based treatment if she gets the single dose of nevirapine at delivery ?

　　A. She may start nevirapine-based treatment soon after her delivery.

　　B. She may start nevirapine-based treatment within six months after her delivery.

　　C. She has to wait at least six months after that nevirapine exposure.

　　D. She may wait several years so as to achieve the best effect.

　　4. We may learn from this passage that HIV resistance against nevirapine

　　A. lasts only for about a half year and fades quickly.

　　B. will last forever in a woman who took nevirapine.

　　C. is a terrible drug that must be banned at once.

　　D. is a problem too difficult to be solved.

　　5. Generally speaking, the authors attitude towards the use of nevirapine is

　　A. negative

　　B. positive

　　C. uncertain

　　D. doubtful

　　答案與題解：

　　1.D 第一段第一句及第二段第二句均提到nevirapine可以防止母親在分娩時將HIV病毒傳染給新生兒的問題，故D項是正確答案。

　　2.C 第三段第一句說，即使單獨使用nevirapine一次，HIV病毒也會很快產生對nevirapine的抗藥性，原因就是沒有其他藥物可以殺死nevirapine還沒有殺死的病毒顆粒，這正是C項的內容。

　　3.C 第四段第二句說到，等待的時間最短可到六個月，第五段第一句又說，最少等待六個月的婦女，她們以nevirapine為主的藥物綜合治療的療效要比等待不足六個月的婦女高70%，可見C項“最少要等待六個月”是正確答案。

　　4.A 第一段第三句說到抗藥性存在的時間并不長，第四段第二句又說等待的時間可以短至六個月，另外，文章的.標題也說抗藥性很快消失，可見A項是正確選項，其他各項文章均未提及。

　　5.B 第一段是文章的提要，最能說明作者觀點，其中最后一句就明確提到，已經服用 nevirapine的已感染上HIV的母親們不應該放棄服用這種能用得起的藥物。而且通篇文章都在探討如何更有效地利用此藥物，因此作者對使用此藥的態度應該是“積極的、肯定的”。

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