職稱英語歷年真題《綜合C》概括大意精選題

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　　職稱英語歷年真題《綜合C》概括大意題 1

　　Traffic Jams -- No End in Sight

　　(1) Traffic congestion (擁堵) affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the U. S., commuters (通勤人員) spend an average of a full working week each year sitting in traffic jams, according to the Texas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy.

　　(2) The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toll is high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems to work: Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centres thanks to congestion pricing.

　　(3)Another way to reduce rush-hour traffic is for employers to implement flextime, which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can also allow more staff to telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more cars off the road altogether.

　　(4)Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets. But such techniques do not really keep cars off the road; they only accommodate more of them.

　　(5)Other, more forward-thinking, planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the American government has decided to spend some $7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public-transport systemsand upgrade them with moreefficient technologies.But environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the $50 billion being spent on roads and bridges.

　　23. Paragraph 1 __________

　　24. Paragraph 2__________

　　25. Paragraph 3 __________

　　26. Paragraph 4 __________

　　A. Paying to get in

　　B. Changing work practice

　　C. Not doing enough

　　D. A solution which is no solution

　　E. Closing city centres to traffic

　　F. A global problem

　　27. Most American drivers think it convenient to __________.

　　28. If charged high enough, some drivers may enter certain parts of town __________.

　　29. Building more roads is not an effective way to __________.

　　30. The U. S. government has planned to __________ updating public-transport systems.

　　A. reduce traffic jams

　　B. drive around

　　C. go by bus

　　D. spend more money

　　E. travel regularly

　　F. encourage more private cars

　　答案與解析

　　23.F。第一段首句是主題旬，交通擁擠影響到了全世界的人，故F(全球問題)是正確答案。

　　24.A。第二段首旬是主題句，最有希望減少城市擁擠的技術被稱為擁堵收費，即車輛在一天的特定時段進入城里的.特定區域是要收費的。故A(付費進入)是正確答案。

　　25.B。第三段首句是主題句，另一種緩解交通高峰期的方法是雇主實行彈性工作時間，這可以讓員工在非高峰期往返工作，以避開上下班的高峰期，因而B(改變上下班慣例)是正確答案。

　　26.D。第四段沒有主題句，通過本段可知很多人認為緩解交通壓力最好的辦法是多修路，但作者認為這種辦法并不能真正解決問題。故D(一個不能解決問題的解決方案)是正確答案。

　　27.B。句意：大部分美國人認為很方便。利用關鍵詞convenient可以定位，根據第一段最后一句“most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience，comfort and privacy”可知，很多人選擇開車是為了舒適、方便和隱私。因而答案為B。

　　28.C。題干：如果收費足夠高，許多司機可能進入城鎮的特定區域。利用題干關鍵詞charge可以定位，根據第二段“In theory，ifthe toll is high enough，some drivers、will cancel their trips or go by bus ortrain.”可知，“理論上，如果收費足夠高，有些司機將會取消行程或者乘坐公交或火車”，所以C(坐公交)為正確答案。

　　29.A。題干：建設更多的路不是有效的方法。利用題干關鍵詞building roads等可以定位，根據第四段可知，有些城市規劃者認為緩解交通擁擠的最好辦法是建更多的路，但是并不能真的讓車遠離道路，而只會容納更多的車。因而修路并不是緩解擁堵的好辦法，所以A(緩解交通擁擠)為正確答案。

　　30.D。題干：美國政府計劃通過__________來升級公共交通系統。利用題干關鍵詞govemment和public—transport system等可以定位，根據第五段倒數第二句可知，美國政府決定花費70億美元來提高公用交通系統的通行量，并使用更有效的技術對其進行升級，所以D(花費更多錢)為正確答案。

　　職稱英語歷年真題《綜合C》概括大意題 2

　　Sometimes we say that someone we know is a "square peg in a round hole"(1). This simply means that the person we are talking about is not suited for the job he is doing. He may be a bookkeeper who really wants to be an actor or a mechanic who likes cooking. Unfortunately, many people in the world are "square pegs"; they are not doing the kind of work they should be doing, for one reason or another. As a result they probably are not doing a very good job and certainly they are not happy.

　　Choosing the right career is very important. Most of us spend a great part of our lives at our jobs. For that reason we should try to find out what our talents are and how we can use them. We can do this through aptitude test, interview with specialists, and study of books in our field of interest.

　　There are many careers open to each of us. Perhaps we like science. Then we might prepare ourselves to be chemists, physicists, or biologists. Maybe our interests take us into the business world and such work as accounting, personnel management or public relations. Many persons find their place in government service. Teaching, newspaper work, medicine, engineering---these and many other fields offer fascinating careers to persons with talent and training.練習:

　　1. Paragraph 1____________.

　　2. Paragraph 2____________.

　　3. Paragraph 3____________.

　　A) Job choices for the talented

　　B) Importance of finding the right job

　　C) Result of taking the wrong job

　　D) Variety of jobs open to all

　　4. A person who is not doing the right job cannot expect to _______________.

　　5. To find the job most suitable for yourself, you should first of all ____________.

　　6. There are actually various kinds of jobs we all can _______________.

　　7. There are numerous ways to find out ______________.

　　A) spend more time in school

　　B) what job suit you best

　　C) choose from

　　D) do it well and feel comfortable in it

　　E) find out what your talents are

　　Keys: C B D D E C B

　　職稱英語歷年真題《綜合C》概括大意題 3

　　More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing

　　1 Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.

　　2 Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up1 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a number of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers.2

　　3 These findings, which Dr Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine3, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside4 more than 8 hours a night He added that “it might be a good idea” for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.

　　4 Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep — for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.

　　5 For the current report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the week and whether they experienced any sleep problems Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to- day functioning5.

　　6 Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 88 hours In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed “It stands to reason6 that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake,” he said.

　　詞匯：

　　refresh v.(使)精力恢復 questionnaire n.問卷

　　psychosomatic adj.(指疾病)由精神壓力引起的

　　fatigue n.疲勞 caution v.警告

　　insomnia n.失眠 habitually adv.習慣地

　　注釋：

　　1.clock up：時間達到

　　2.they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers：falling和feeling都是說明trouble的。全句可譯為：與8小時睡眠者相比，他們在入睡和經過一夜睡眠恢復精力方面有更多的麻煩。

　　3.Psychosomatic Medicine：《心身醫學》(醫學雜志名)

　　4.set aside：留出

　　5.having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning：感到疲乏影響日常工作。

　　6.stand to reason：是當然的，是合情合理的

　　練習：

　　1.Paragraph 2 ________

　　2.Paragraph 4 ________

　　3.Paragraph 5 ________

　　4.Paragraph 6 ________

　　A Kripke’s Research Tool

　　B Dangers of Habitual Shortages of Sleep

　　C Criticism on Kripke’s Report

　　D A Way of Overcoming Insomnia

　　E Sleep Problem of Long and Short Sleepers

　　F Classification of Sleep Problems

　　5.To get a good night’s rest, people may not need to ________.

　　6.Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to ________.

　　7.One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to ________.

　　8.One survey showed that people who habitually ________ each night have a higher risk of dying.

　　A fall asleep again

　　B become more energetic the following day

　　C sleep less than 7 hours

　　D confirm those serious consequences

　　E suffer sleep problems

　　F sleep more than 8 hours

　　答案與題解：

　　1.E 第二段列舉了睡眠時間多于或少于8小時而帶來的多種sleep problems。

　　2.B 第四段闡述了長期睡眠不足所帶來的嚴重后果。

　　3.A 第五段介紹了Kripke的調查工具(tool)。他用的是有關睡眠的問卷。問卷包括兩大內容：睡眠時間及睡眠困擾問題。

　　4.D 第六段最后兩句是：“... one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed.”和“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake.”這是選擇D的依據。

　　5.F 選擇F的依據是第三段第一句。原文是：“... people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night.”

　　6.E 選擇E的依據是第六段第一句。原文是：“... people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. ”

　　7.A 本題答案的依據是第五段第二句：“Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep ...”

　　8.C 本題答案的依據是第四段：“... one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.”

　　譯文：每晚只需8小時，睡眠過多非益事

　　睡眠不足帶來的危害已經廣為人知，而一項新的研究表明睡眠過多同樣會使人們產生不良后果。

　　圣地亞哥加利福尼亞大學的研究人員發現在入睡、保持睡眠等方面，每晚睡眠9或10小時的人比睡8小時的人存在更多問題。而每晚僅睡7小時的人則表示，他們在入睡及休息后精力恢復程度上不及8小時睡眠者。

　　Daniel Kripke博士在《心身醫學》雜志上報告的這些新發現表明，人們如果想晚上休息好，每天留給睡眠的時間只需8小時。他補充說，對于那些每晚睡8小時以上的人們來說，考慮減少在床上度過的.時間“也許是個好主意”。不過他又提醒說這還需要進一步的研究證實。

　　以往的研究證明了長期睡眠缺乏的潛在危機。有報告顯示，睡眠經常少于7小時的人比睡眠充足者，在特定時期內死亡的機率更高。

　　而在目前這份報告中，Kripke考評了一份1004名成年人參與反饋的睡眠調查問卷。問卷內容涉及每周睡眠時間和各種可能的睡眠問題，包括半夜驚覺，清晨早醒，無法重新入睡，以及白天疲勞，影響日常工作等。

　　Kripke發現每晚9至10小時睡眠者比睡8小時的人更容易出現各類睡眠問題。在次訪談中，Kripke注意到睡眠時間長的人夜間可能難以入眠，正是因為他們睡得太多了。因此他補充說，治療失眠最好的一種方法就是少睡點兒。“在床上花得時間過長，醒著的時間就會更多，這是理所當然的。”

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